现代汉语基础语法知识.docx
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现代汉语基础语法知识.docx
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现代汉语基础语法知识
现代汉语基础语法知识(BasicgrammarknowledgeinmodernChinese)
BasicgrammarknowledgeinmodernChinese
I.overviewofgrammaticalknowledge
(I)partsofspeech
Chinesewordscanbedividedinto12categories.Nouns,verbs,adjectives,numerals,quantifiersandadverbs,pronounsarewords,prepositions,conjunctions,Interjectionsandonomatopoeicwords,auxiliarywordsarefunctionwords.
Noun:
thenameofthepeopleandthingsofwords.Suchas:
cucumber,cabbage,tractor,computer".
Specialnamesarecalledspecialnouns,suchasYunnan,Shanghai,LiBai,BaiJuyi".
Thenameofanabstractthingiscalledanabstractnoun,suchascategory,thought,quality,character,friendship,method".Directionsarecalled"locativenouns",suchas"upper","lower","left","right","front","later","middle","East","West","south","North","front","back","East","south","middle",andsoon.
Verb:
theact,act,development,orchangeofapersonorthing.
Someverbsmeangeneralactions,suchas:
come,go,say,walk,run,learn,takeoff,examine,understand,etc..
Someverbsexpresspsychologicalactivities,suchas"think,payattentionto,respect,understand,believe,admireandmiss",etc.thefrontofsuchverbscanoftenbeadded"very,very,very."".
Someverbsthatcanandarewillingtothemeaning,called"verbs",theyare"ableto,should,Ken,dare,(DEI),canandshouldbe,shouldbewillingto,can,may,must,theseverbsareoftenusedinfrontofgeneralverbs,suchas"tobeabletodo,canbeconsidered,willingtolearn,shouldsay,maydevelop".
Someverbsindicatethetrend,called"directionalverb",suchas"come"and"go,upanddown,inandout,upanddown,upanddown,overthepast,andtheyareoftenusedingeneralverbsthattrend,suchas"jumpup,down,up,ran".
"Yes"and"yes"arealsoverbs,thesameasverbs.
Adjectivesdescribetheshape,style,nature,etcofathing,suchas"many,little,tall,fat,stiff,extravagant,timid,ugly."".
Numeral:
numeralisthewordthatexpressesthenumberofthings.Suchas"oneortwo,twoorthree,seven,ten,100,thousand,tenmillion,half"and"half"".
Quantifier:
aquantifierisawordthatexpressesathingoranactionunit.Chinesequantifiersaredividedintonominalquantifiersandmomentumwords.
Nounquantifiersrepresentthequantityofthings,andcanbedividedintounitquantifiersandmetricquantifiers.
Aunitofmeasureindicatingthings,suchas"a","Zhang","Zhi","Zhi","Ben","platform","shelf","car","Star","tree","head","inter","handle","fan",etc.;
Metricquantifiersmeasurethings,suchasinches,feet,feet,pounds,two,tons,liters,buckets,gallons,volts,ohms,cubicmeters".
Thenumberofactionsexpressedbyaverb,suchasthe"second","lower","back",and"field",usedinfrontandbackofverbs".
Adverbs:
adverbsarealwaysusedbeforeverbsandadjectives,suchas"very,very,very,very,very,very,very,very,very,very,veryquickly,immediately,unexpectedly,once,unexpectedly,anew,constantly,"etc..Adverbsareusuallyusedinfrontofverbsandadjectives.Suchas"come,goimmediately,verywell,startagain",only"very","extreme"canbeusedinverbs,adjectives,suchascomplement,suchas"happy,veryfondof."".
Preposition:
aprepositionisalwayscombinedwithotherwordstoformaprepositionalphrase,whichisusedasanattribute,anadverbialmodifierandancomplement.Suchas"from","towards","towards","for","for","for","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","".
Conjunctions:
conjunctionscanlinkwords,phrases,sentences,andevenparagraphs.Suchas"harmony"and"or",or"or"or","or"".
Connectivescanberegardedasconjunctions,suchas"because"......So,notonly......And,though......But".
Auxiliarywordsattachedtowords,phrases,orsentences.Auxiliarywordscanbedividedintothreecategories.
Akindofstructuralauxiliarywords,theyare","","","","","","","like"";
Onekindisdynamicauxiliaryword,theyare"go","go","pass"and"pass"";
Oneisthemodalparticles,suchas"ah,"","","","ah","ah","ah","wow","wow","wow",and"wow"?
".
Interjection:
thatsigh,calling,answeringawordcalledinterjection.Suchas:
Hello,yo,hi,hum,oh,ohdear".Interjectionisalwaysaseparatesentence.
Onomatopoeia:
thewordthatsimulatessounds.Suchas"wow","woof","bang","giggle","ShaShaSha","Hula"".
(two)phrases
Wordsandwordscanformphrasesaccordingtocertainrules.Phrasesaregrammaticalunitsthatarelargerthanwordsandsmallerthansentences.TherearemanykindsofphrasesinChinese,andthemostbasiconesarethefollowingseven.
Jointphrase:
aphraseconsistingofwordsofequalrankiscalledacombiningphrase.
Suchas"Chinesecabbageandcelery","bananas,orangesandoranges"investigation,
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