届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练主旨大意一.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练主旨大意一.docx
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届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练主旨大意一
阅读理解-主旨大意
(一)
A
(2017年重庆一模)ThefirstpotatoesweregrownbytheIncasofSouthAmerica,morethan400yearsago.Theirdescendants(后代)inEcuadorandChilecontinuetogrowthevegetableashighas14,000feetupintheAndesMountains.(That'shigherthananyotherfoodwillgrow.)EarlySpanishandEnglishexplorersshippedpotatoestoEurope,andtheyfoundtheirwaytoNorthAmericaintheearly1600s.
Peopleeatpotatoesinmanyways—baked,mashed,androasted,tonamejustthree.However,intheUnitedStatesmostpotatoesareeatenintheformofFrenchfries.Onefastfoodchainalonesellsmorethan$1billionworthoffrieseachyear.Nowonder,then,thatthecompanypaysparticularattentiontothewayitsfriesareprepared.
Beforeanyfrymakesittothepeoplewhoeatatthesepopularrestaurants,itmustpassmanyseparatetests.Failanyoneofthesetestsandthepotatoisrejected.Tostartwith,onlyRussetBurbankpotatoesareused.TheseIdahopotatoeshavelesswatercontentthanotherkinds,whichcanhaveasmuchas80percentwater.Oncecutinto“shoestrings”shapes,thepotatoesarepartlyfriedinasecretblendofoils,sprayedwithliquidsugartobrownthem,steamdriedathighheat,thenflashfrozenforshipmenttoindividualrestaurants.
Beforeshipping,everyshoestringismeasured.Fortypercentofabatchmustbebetweentwoandthreeincheslong.Another40percenthastobeoverthreeinches.Whataboutthe20percentthatareleftinthebatch?
Well,afewshortfriesinabagareokay,itseems.
So,nowthatyourealizetheenormoussizeandvalueofthepotatocrop,youcanunderstandwhymostpeopleagreethatthispartofthefoodindustryisno“smallpotatoes”.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了土豆被引进美国的历史及炸薯条在美国食物产业中举足轻重的地位。
1.PotatoesinNorthAmericacamedirectlyfrom______.
A.Chile
B.Europe
C.Ecuador
D.theAndesMountains
B [考查细节理解。
根据文中第一段最后一句“EarlySpanishandEnglishexplorersshippedpotatoestoEurope,andtheyfoundtheirwaytoNorthAmericaintheearly1600s.”可知,北美最早的土豆来自欧洲。
故选B项。
]
2.Whydoesthecompanypayspecialattentiontothewaythefriesareprepared?
A.Becausesellingfriesisabigbusiness.
B.Becausefriesarenoteasytoprepareatall.
C.BecauseAmericansareparticularaboutfries.
D.Becausethegovernmenthasastrictruleforthat.
A [考查推理判断。
根据第二段的“Onefastfoodchainalonesellsmorethan$1billionworthoffrieseachyear.Nowonder,then,thatthecompanypaysparticularattentiontothewayitsfriesareprepared.”可知,在美国,炸薯条是个很大的行业,所以会被特殊关注。
故选A项。
]
3.Inthelastparagraph,thewritermainlywantstosay________.
A.smallpotatoescannotbeusedforfries
B.potatoesarereallyimportantforAmericans
C.eatinginAmericaistheveryfirstthing
D.friesarereallyimportantforfoodindustry
D [考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的内容“thispartofthefoodindustryisno‘smallpotatoes’”可知,在美国,炸薯条在食品产业中不是“小土豆”(无足轻重的东西),由此可推测,炸薯条在食品产业中占有重要的地位。
故选D项。
]
[干扰项分析] 本题学生易误选B项,本文首先介绍了土豆被引入美国,且炸薯条带来了强大商业利润,但在最后一段中,根据关键信息“realizetheenormoussizeandvalueofthepotatocrop”及“thispartofthefoodindustryisno‘smallpotatoes’.”可知,本段重点强调炸薯条在食品产业中的重要地位,而不是土豆对美国人的重要性,故排除B项。
4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.TheaverageAmericaneats50poundsofpotatoesayear.
B.Frenchfriesaremadefrompotatoes.
C.PotatoesareakeyvegetableinAmerica.
D.Thevarioustermsforpotatoeshavealonghistory.
C [考查主旨大意。
根据全文内容可知,在美国,土豆可以有多种吃法,尤其是炸薯条,深受人们的欢迎,也因此带来了强大的商业利润,在食品产业中占有重要地位。
因此,本文的主旨是,在美国土豆是很重要的蔬菜。
故选C项。
]
B
(2017年湖南长郡中学模拟)Itisquitereasonabletoblametrafficjams,thecostofgasandthegreatspeedofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.Itisallrighttohaveatigerinacage,buttohaveoneinthedriver'sseatisanothermatter.
Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butagoodsense.Ittakesthemostcoolheadeddriversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardreducingthepossibilityofquarrellingandfighting.Afriendlynodorawaveofthanksinanswertoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandbecomessonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchbehaviorofpolitenessisbynomeansenough.Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.
However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildcrossingthestreetatawrongplaceintothepathofoncomingcarsthatmaynotbeabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.
Anexperienceddriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifdriverslearnttocorrectlyjoininatrafficstreamwithoutcausingtotalblockagesthatgiverisetounpleasantfeelings.Unfortunately,moderndriverscan'tevenlearntodrive,letalonemastertheroadmanship(公路驾车技能).Yearsago,expertswarnedusthatthefastincreaseofthecarownershipwoulddemandmoregiveandtake(互谅互让)fromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.
【语篇解读】 随着车辆的增多,很多司机都有可怕的路怒症,甚至不知道什么是文明交通。
专家们呼吁,司机应该互谅互让,将文明驾驶牢记在心。
1.Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.
A.trafficjamsB.goodmanners
C.roadpolitenessD.moderndrivers
C [考查主旨大意。
根据文章第二段第一句Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butagoodsense.及第三段第一句However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.可知,本文主要围绕道路文明礼貌行为展开论述。
故选C项。
]
2.Troublesontheroadareoftencausedby________.
A.trafficjams
B.thebehaviorofthedrivers
C.thegreatspeedofmodernlife
D.terribleroadconditions
B [考查推理判断。
根据文章第一段第二句Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.可知,大家都知道,平时非常绅士的人在开车的时候也会变成一只猛虎。
再根据文中对道路上司机们的种种行为的描述可判断,公路上的麻烦主要是由司机的行为引起的。
故选B项。
]
3.Accordingtothewriter,agooddrivershould________.
A.encouragechildrentocrosstheroadwhenevertheywantto
B.beatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving
C.beabletorecognizepolitenesswhenheseesit
D.joininatrafficstreamquicklyhoweverotherpeoplefeel
C [考查细节理解。
根据文章第二段最后一句Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.可知,在看到礼貌行为时,一个好司机应当能够对此有所认知。
故选C项。
]
4.Itisnotalwaysrightfordriversto________.
A.mastertheroadmanship
B.neglectpolitenesswhentheyseeit
C.giveafriendlynodinanswertoanactofpoliteness
D.encourageoldladiestocrosstheroadwheneverandwherevertheywantto
D [考查细节理解。
根据第三段最后一句Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.可知,给老人让路,让他们随意过马路的礼貌行为是不对的。
故选D项。
]
C
(2017年云南高三年级11校跨区调研考试)
Spider(蜘蛛)webshavesomethingincommonwithguitarstrings.Thelong,thinstringsonaguitarcanvibrate(振动).Theymovebackandforth,orfromsidetoside.Sodowebsmadebyspiders.Thelinesofsilktheyproducecancarryvibrations.Thismovementgivesthesmallcreatureinformationaboutwhatlandedontheweb.
Spidershaveeightlegsandusuallyeighteyes.Theanimalsbuildwebswiththeirownsoft,naturallymadesilk.Andmuchlikeplayingthestringsofaguitar,aspidercansendoutvibrationsacrossitswebovermanydifferentfrequencies(频率).Spiderscatchtheirfood,usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements,whichspreadacrosstheirwebs.Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb—maybeapossiblemate,orsomethingtastytoeat.
Vibrationsarenotjustusedtospotwhatisfordinner.Theyarealsoimportantincourship(求爱),solotsofmaleswillactuallycreateaveryspecifickindofmusicalpatternwhichthefemalescanusetodeterminenotonlythatthey'reamale,butthey'retherightspecies,andwhethertheymightwanttomatewiththemaswell.
Spidersmaketheirownvibrationstofindouttheconditionofthewebs.Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial,theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothemwhentheyhangoutinthemiddleoftheweb.Spidershaveaspecialabilitytoshapethephysicalnatureoftheirselfmadematerialsandcreations.Scientiststhinkthatspidersilkmayhavechangedovertimeforthispurpose.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动,这些振动让它们知道蜘蛛网上落下了什么东西并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。
1.Howdoesaspiderfeelthataninsectiscaughtintheweb?
A.Throughitssenseofsight.
B.Throughvibrationsofitsweb.
C.Throughdifferentfrequencies.
D.Throughamusicalpattern.
B [考查细节理解。
根据第二段的“Thevibrationscangivethespiderdetailsaboutwhatiscaughtintheweb”可知,蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的振动知道有东西落到蛛网了。
故选B项。
]
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph2probablyreferto?
A.Insects. B.Strings.
C.Spiders.D.Vibrations.
A [考查代词指代。
根据第二段的“Spiderscatchtheirfood,usuallyinsectsintheirwebs.Theymakesmallmovements,whichspreadacrosstheirwebs”可知,蜘蛛在它们的蛛网上捕食,一般捕到的都是昆虫。
它们制造出传遍整张蛛网的小振动。
所以They指代的是昆虫。
]
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.Silkproducesvibrationsasthestringsofaguitardo.
B.Femalespidersmakespecialsoundstoattractapartner.
C.Huntingwillbehardforspidersifthesilkisloose.
D.Thetightnessofsilkcan'tbeadjustedonceit'smade.
C [考查细节理解。
根据第四段的“Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial,theycaneffectivelycontrolhowinformationisgettingtothem”可知,蛛网的紧密度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重要,故选C项。
]
[干扰项分析] 根据第一段的第一句“Spider(蜘蛛)webshavesomethingincommonwithguitarstrings”可知,蛛网和吉他弦有一些共同之处,故排除A。
根据第三段的“solotsofmaleswillactually...they'reamale”可排除B。
根据第四段的“Bycontrollingthetightnessofthematerial...inthemiddleoftheweb”可知,蜘蛛可以控制材料的紧密度,它们可以有效地调整蛛网的属性,故可排除D项。
4.Thetextmainlytellsreaders________.
A.guitarsandspiderwebsaresimilar
B.spiderwebshavevariousfunctions
C.spidersareskillfulinhuntinginsects
D.vibrationsarevitalinaspider'slife
D [考查主旨大意。
根据整篇文章的叙述,尤其是“Thevibrationscangivethespiderde
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