08词汇学试题A.docx

08词汇学试题A.docx

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08词汇学试题A

2008-2009学年第一学期《英语词汇学》课程期末考试试卷（A）

———年级—————专业学生姓名——————学号—

I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterinthebracket（30%）.

1.Homonymsaregenerallywordsdifferentin____buteitheridenticalbothin____oridenticalonlyin____.

a.sound/meaningandspelling/meaningorspelling

b.meaning/soundandspelling/soundorspelling

c.spelling/meaningandsound/soundorspelling

d.noneoftheabove

2.Relativesynonymsalsocallednear-synonymsaresimilarornearlythesamein_____.

a.stylisticmeaning

b.affectivemeaning

c.conceptualmeaning

d.colocativemeaning

3.____isnotthenarrowingofword-meaning.

a.acommonwordisturnedintoapropernoun

b.somephrasesareshortenedandonlyoneelementoftheoriginalislefttoretainthemeaningofwhole

c.Materialnounsareusedtorefertoobjectsmadeofthem

d.Anwordofabstractmeaningisusedasaconctetemeaning

4.Extra-linguisticfactorsofword-meaningchangeinclude____.

a.historicalandclassreason

b.historicalandpsychologicalreason

c.psychologicalandclassreason

d.alltheabove

5.BorrowingadsasourceofhomonymyinEnglishcanbeillustratedby_____.

a.long（notshort）

b.fair（amarket）

c.rock（rock’n’roll）

d.ad（advertisement）

6.Thefunctionsofcontextdon’tinclude____.

a.eliminationofambiguity

b.indicationofreferents

c.provisionofcluesforinferringword-meaning

d.leadingtoambiguity

7.DuringAmericanCivilWar,theword“Copperhead”,avenomoussnakeintheSouthofAmerica,wasendowedwiththenewmeaning“thenorthernerswhoweresecretlyaidingandabettingthesouth”becauseof___.

a.classreason

b.psychologicalreason

c.historicalreason

d.religiousreason

8.Themostimportantsourcesofsynonymsareperhaps____.

a.dialectsandregionalEnglish

b.borrowing

c.figurativeandeuphemisticuseofwords

d.coincidencewithidiomaticexpressions

9.Homographsarewordsidenticalonlyin____butdifferentintwootheraspects.

a.sound

b.meaning

c.spelling

d.sense

10.Connotativemeaningvariesconsiderablyaccordingto____.

a.culture

b.historicalperiod

c.theexperienceoftheindividual

d.alltheabove

11.“Domicile”is_____.

a.formal

b.neutral

c.informal

d.noneoftheabove

12.Aconcepthas_____referringexpressions.

a.one

b.many

c.afew

d.noneoftheabove

13.Thegrammaticalmeaningsofawordrefertothatpartofthemeaningofthewordwhichindicatesgrammaticalconceptofrelationshipsuchas___.

a.partofspeechofwords

b.singularandpluralmeaningofnouns

c.tensemeaningofverbsandtheirinflectionalforms

d.alltheabove

14.Theproblemofinterrelationofthevariousmeaningsofthesamewordcanbedealtwithfrom____angles.

a.one

b.two

c.three

d.four

15.Inradiation,thesecondarymeaningofawordderivedfromtheprimarymanningofawordby____.

a.transfer

b.extension

c.specialization

d.alltheaboveandothers

16.Alegalterm“Alibi”signifying“pleathattheaccusedisnotattheplacewhenthecrimeiscommitted”nowmeans“excuse”.Thischangeofword–meaningiscalled____.

a.transfer

b.narrowing

c.extension

d.degradation

17._______isthemostimportantofallfeaturesofbasicwords.

a.stabilityb.productivityc.polysemyd.allnationalcharacter

18.Until1066,theinfluenceonEnglishwasmainly______.

a.Latinb.Frenchc.Germanicd.Celtic

19.ModernEnglishisconsideredtobea/an____language.

a.inflectedb.analyticc.syntheticd.new

20.______sitheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestostems.

a.prefixationb.derivationc.Suffixationd.compounding

21.Wordsproducedbyconversionareprimarily______.

a.nounsb.adjectivesc.verbs.d.alltheabove

22.Weshallclassifyprefixesonsemanticbasisinto___groups.

a.sevenb.eightc.nined.eleven

23.Indo-Iraniancomprisesthemodernlanguagesexcept______.

a.Persianb.Bengalic.Hindi,Romanyd.Polish

24._______isusedinparticulardisciplineandacademicareas.

a.Jargonb.Terminologyc.slangd.Argot

25.“Ex”intheword“ex-prisoner”is______.

a.freerootb.boundrootc.inflectionalaffixd.derivationalaffix

26.Thewordsofthebasicwordstockconsistute____oftheEnglishvocabulary.

a.asmallpercentageb.alargepercentagec.fiftypercentd.sixtypercent

27.Between1250and1500,about____wordsofFrenchoriginpouredintoEnglish

a.7000b.6000.c.9000d.10000

28.Thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwordsiscalled_____.

a.wordb.morphemec.morphsd.root

29.“Nature”intheword“denaturalization”isnot______.

a.freerootb.freemorphemesc.stemd.boundroot

30.Modesofvocabularydevelopmentarethreeclassesexcept

a.creationb.semanticchangec.borrowingd.formchange

II.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.

1.Thenumberofinflectionalaffixesis____andstable,whichmakesEnglishonoftheeasiestlanguagetolearn.

2.Wordsproducedthroughcompoundingyield_____ofallthenewwords.

3.Contentwordsincludenouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbs,and____.

4.OldEnglishwasahighly____languagejustlikemodernGerman.

5.Derivationalaffixescanbefurtherdividedinto____andsuffixes.

6.Compoundingistheformationof___byjoiningtwoormorestems.

7.Accordingtothefunctionsofaffixes,wecanputthemintogroups:

______andderivationalaffixes.

8.Thebasicwordstockis___ofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturies.

9.Withthedevelopmentofmarketeconomypsywarbecomesmoreandmorepopular.“psywar”means______.

10.Suchwordsas“thericher”,“thepoor”,“arepublican”areallexamplesof______.

11.ScandinavianlanguagereferstoIcelandic,Norwegian,Danishand_________.

12.TheEnglishwords“power”,“crime”arederivedfrom______.

13.Prefixesdonotgengerallychange_____ofthestembutonlymodifyitsmeaning

14.Themostcommontypesofword-meaningchangesareextensionand_______.

15.Awordhasmanymeanings,butwhenawordisfirstcoined,itisalways______.

16.Extensionofmeaning,alsoknownas______,isthenamegiventothewideningofmeaningwhichsomewordsundergo.

17.Insomecases,themeaningofawordmaybeinfluencedby____inwhichitoccurs.Thisiscalledgrammaticalcontext.

18.Concatenationdescribesaprocesswhereeachofthelatermeaningisrelatedonlyto____likechains.

19.Associativemeaningis_____supp;ementedtotheconecptualmeaning.

20.Contextcanfallinto___andnon-linguisticcontext.

21.Synchronically,polysemyisviewedasthe____ofvariousmeaningsofthesamewordinacertainhistoricalperiodoftime.

22.Lexicalmeaninghasconceptualmeaningand________.

23.lexicalmeaningand______meaningmakeupthewordmeaning.

24.Absolutesynonymsaetestrictedtohighly________.

25.Narrowingofmeaningistheoppositeof________.

26.Linguisticcontextincludeslexicalcontextand______.

27.Theassociatedtransferofmeaningandeuphemisticuseofwordsetc.areoftenhueto_____.

28.Theattitudesofclasseshavemadeinroadsintolexicalmeaninginthecaseofelevationor_____.

29.Contextcanhelpeliminateambiguity,providecluesforinferringword-meaningandgive___ofreferents.

30.Wordmeaningchangesbymodesofextension,narrowing,degradation,elevationand_______.

III.Studythefollowingorexpressionsandidentify1）typesofaffixes2）typesofwordformation3）typesofmeaning

1.disagree

2.woekfare（work+welfare）

3.unusual

4.out-going

5.whitebook----awhite

6.outbreak

7.one-eyed

8.babysitter---babysit

9.dorm（dormitory）

10.attendance

IV.Definethefollowingterms.（10%）

1.extra-linguisticcontext

2.prefixation

3.semanticchange

4.conceptualmeaning

5.specialisation

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.Writeyouranswersinthespacegivenbelow.（12%）

1.Whatarethethreeareastoaccountforthedifferencebetweensynonyms?

Illustrateyourpoints.

2.Whydowesay“Englishisaheavyborrower”?

3.Whyiscontextveryimportantfortheunderstandingofwordmeaning?

VI.Analyzeancommentonthefollowing.Writeyouranswersinthespacegivenbelow.（18%）

1.Analyzethemorphologicalstructuresofthefollowingwordsandpointoutthetypesofthemorphemes.

dishearten,idealistic,unfriendly

2.Collocationcanaffectthemeaningofwords