北京市中考英语二轮复习阅读理解10.docx
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北京市中考英语二轮复习阅读理解10.docx
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北京市中考英语二轮复习阅读理解10
北京2019中考英语阅读理解(十)
专题十八阅读理解
第10讲阅读理解解题方法指导
教学目标
1.掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的命题规律;
2.掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的解题方法;
3.掌握北京中考阅读理解CD篇的高频词。
名师点拨
北京中考阅读理解CD篇命题规律总结
阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务,也是中考的一项重要内容。
中考阅读理解主要考察学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。
要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意,获取其中的主要信息,能做出正确判断,然后根据试题的要求从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
近年来逐渐显现出文章易懂,但选题较难的趋势,要求阅读速度为每分钟约40-50词。
北京中考阅读理解CD篇的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则:
1.阅读量约在350-450字之间;2.题材广泛,包括日常生活类、人生百味类、科普环保类、教育类和社会现象类等;3.体裁多样,以议论文和说明文为主。
北京中考阅读理解CD篇考察的主要内容是:
1.考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力;2.考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力;3.考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力;4.考查推断作者意图和态度的能力;5.考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。
建议:
平时阅读理解要加强科普类、议论类文章的阅读,做题方法不要只停留在机械寻找信息上,注重文章写作结构、主旨大意、观点态度的理解上,阅读英文原著,不要局限于中考试题。
北京中考阅读理解CD篇解题方法指导
一、阅读理解解题步骤
第一步
快速浏览全文,了解文章大概。
浏览时要注意以下句子:
每段的开头和结尾,重要的情节句子,如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子,可以根据上下文猜测,切不可停留而放慢速度。
第二步
浏览问题,明确要求。
把文章后每个题目内容看明白,这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容,具体做题时就能对号入座,找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。
第三步
通篇寻读,确定段落。
也就是带着问题去读,找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群,以及任何有关答题的信息,用铅笔画下来,以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。
第四步
逐条分析,对号入座。
把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析,对号入座。
一般来说,出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的,根据难度先解决容易的,最后解决深层次的理解题。
第五步
复读全文,验证答案。
全部题目做完后,必须再仔细阅读一遍全文,进一步加深对文章理解,核实所选答案是否正确。
二、阅读理解解题技巧
题型
题型一:
细节理解题
解释
本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。
问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。
新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。
设题方式
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?
2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?
3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?
解题技巧
1.细心审题,直接就题找答案
2.变通理解,间接转述找答案
3.多点归纳,综合事实找答案
典题练习
1.AuggieliveswithhisparentsandsisterinNewYork.Heisanormalboyinmanyways.HeridesabikeandlikesplayingwithhisXbox.ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形)ofthefaceandlooksverydifferentfromotherchildren.Atthestartofthebook,hetellsus"MynameisAugust.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.Whateveryou'rethinking,it’sprobablyworse."Inthestreet,peoplelookatAuggieandarefrightened.(北京东城一模C篇)
HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?
A.Hisnameisspecial.B.Hisfaceshapeisnotnormal.
C.Hedoesn’tgotoschool.D.HelikesplayingwithhisXbox.
2.It’snotajoke,norhavetheCanadiansgonemad.TheyareusingthesechickenstoseeiftheWestNilevirus(病毒)isstillaround.Thevirusinfectsbirds,sothechickenshaveachanceofcatchingthevirusandfallill.TheWestNilevirusisspreadamonghumans.ItkilledsevenpeopleinNewYorklastyear.(北京海淀一模C篇)
WhyareCanadianofficialsplacingchickensalongtheborder?
A.Tohelpcleanuptheborder.B.Toseeifthevirusisstillaround.
C.Toprotectthechickensfromfallingill.D.Tomakesurethatthebirdscanfindfood.
3.FewofushaveheardofNilsBohlin,butwheneverwetakeacarjourneyhisinventionmakesussafer.Foundinalmosteverymodemcar,thethree-pointseatbeltreducesourchancesofdeathorinjury(伤害)byatleast50%.WhilefeelingthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecameupwithsuchagreatidea.(北京朝阳一模C篇)
Three-pointseatbeltsreducechancesofdeathorinjurybyatleast_________.
A.10%B.30%C.40%D.50%
参考答案:
BBD
题型
题型二:
推理判断题
解释
推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力,即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。
此类题目难度大,涉及面广,如人物的性格、心理,故事的结局、寓意,文章的出处、体裁,作者的倾向、态度等。
设题方式
1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.
2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.
3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?
4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.
解题技巧
1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断
2.根据文章所提供的的背景,人物的表情,动作和语言进行推断
3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断
典题练习
1.However,somehowitseemsrudeorperhapsmakespeoplefeelthatyou'reupsettosaytopeople“I'mgoingtogoandspendsometimebymyself.”Andoftenwhenwearespendingtime‘alone’,weareactuallyconnectedwithapieceofelectricalequipment.WetrytomakesomethingintoaFacebookoraTweettoattractourfriends,orwescroll(滚屏)throughFacebooknosingintootherpeople’slivesorseeingwhatfriendsareupto.Wejudgeourselvesandotherpeoplebythephotostheyputonline,sowecantellhowmuchfuntheyarehavingcomparedtous.Thisisanagewhenwecangetsomuchsurfaceinformationaboutotherpeople'slives,butbeingwrapped(包裹)upinwhatotherpeoplearedoingoralwaysthinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(认可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.Perhapsthesedaysforgetaboutthesimplepleasureofspendingtimejustforus.(北京东城一模D篇)
Thewriteragrees.
A.It’simportanttoknowwhatotherpeoplethinkofus
B.itsharmfultoalwayscompareourselveswithothers
C.technologyhelpsustojudgeandimproveourselves
D.technologyhelpsustoknowaboutotherpeopleclearly
2.“Perfectionistkidsareoftendrivenbyparents.”Asaparent,seewhetheryouarepushingyourchildtofeellikeshecan'tmakeasinglemistake.Doyoutalkabouttopschoolseveryday?
Doyoumakeahugedealoutofagradethatisn'tanA?
“Youcanaskyourchild,‘WhydoyouthinkyouhavetogetstraightA's?
”,Franksays.There'smoretolife.Parentscanoffertheirchildrenopportunitiestohavefun.“Modelhardwork,relaxation,laughter,andjoy,”hesays.“It'snotwhatyousaytokids,it'showyoulive.”(北京东城二模D篇)
Whatsuggestiondoesthewritergivetotheparentsofperfectionistchildren?
A.Choosingtopschoolsfortheirchildren.
B.Doingsomethingenjoyablewiththeirchildren.
C.Preventingtheirchildrenfrommakingmistakes.
D.Offeringalotofhelpwiththeirchildren'sstudy.
3.WhilethereareclearlybothadvantagesanddisadvantageswhenitcomestoApple’slatestinvention,Ipersonallylikemysingle-purposewatchthatsimplytellsmethetime!
Whataboutyou?
Wouldyoubeinterestedinhavingasmartwatch?
(北京海淀二模C篇)
Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatthewriter_______.
A.worriesaboutthesafetyofthesmartwatch
B.thinkshighlyoftheprogressoftechnology
C.introducesthenewestkindofsmartphones
D.preferssingle-purposewatchesthattellthetime
参考答案:
BBD
题型
题型三:
词义猜测题
解释
单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分,是考查对文中关键词语的理解。
而且,所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,要根据文中语境来判断。
设题方式
1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.
2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.
3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.
解题技巧
1.通过因果关系猜测词义
2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义
3.通过构词法猜测词义
4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义
5.通过描述猜测词义
6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义
7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义
典题练习
1.Thesedaystherearelotofpossibilitiestobealwaysconnectedtofamilyandfriends.NowthatIhavejustmovedloFrance,thiscanbeveryconvenient.IcanringmysisterwholivesinLosAngelesonViber,orIcanSkypemyparentsorfriendsbackinEnglandforachat.However,sometimestheconvenientanddependabilityoftechnologycanbeintrusive.(北京东城一模D篇)
Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intrusive”probablymean?
A.InterruptiveB.Helpful.
C.Unsatisfactory.D.Important.
2.Inallthesecasestokeepupgoodneighborliness,someunderstandingbetweentheneighborsisimportant.Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.Trytobefriendlyandtheproblemwillnotbedifficulttosolve.Carecanattimesplayagoodpartandhelptheneighborsinasmallorbigway.Nobodyisperfectanditisbetternottospeakillofyourneighbors.Acheerfulword,anodorasmalltalkwillstrengthenthefeelingofgoodneighborliness.
Whatdoesthesentence“Smalldifferencescanbeeasilypatcheduporworkedout.”inParagraph4probablymean?
(北京海淀一模D篇)
A.Praisingotherscanhelptobegoodneighbors.
B.Unimportantdisagreementcanbeeasilysolved.
C.Onecaneasilymakegooduseofsmallarguments.
D.Nobodycanbeperfectenoughtospeakillofothers.
3.Bothcompaniesandindividuals(个人)canbenefitfromtelework.Onebenefitforcompaniesisthatitcansavemoney.Itcanalsohelpimprovemorale.Thisisbecauseworkerswhohavechoicesabouthowtheyworkareoftenhappier.Ifworkersarehappier,theyarelikelytodobetterjobs.Thisisgoodforthecompany.Asforindividuals,theycansavemoneybycuttingdowntheirtransportationcosts.Theyalsosavetimebecausetheydonothavetogototheofficeeveryday.Dependingonhowoftentheyworkfromhome,telecommuterscansavebetween15and25workdayseveryyear.(北京东城二模C篇)
Whatdoestheunderlinedword“morale”probablymean?
A.Health.B.Abilities.C.Spirits.D.Wealth.
参考答案:
ABC
题型
题型四:
主旨大意题
解释
考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。
设题方式
1.问标题:
Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?
/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.
2.问中心:
Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.
3.问目的,态度:
Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.
解题技巧
1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头,抓住主旨段或主旨句
2.浏览全文,抓住关键字眼,把握主旨
3.以掌握主旨为前提,处理推断作者语气及写作意图
典题练习
1.Isthisasmartinventionortechnologygonetoofar?
WhiletheApplewatchisstylishinappearance,Ican’thelpbutquestioncertainaspects(方面)ofthenewdevice.Isitapositivethingtobeabletoreceivemessagesthroughawatch,oristhisanotherwayoflettingtechnologyupsetoursociallives?
(北京海淀二模C篇)
Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage?
A.TheAppleWatch:
TheLatestInvention
B.TheAppleWatch:
SmartandFashionable
C.TheAppleWatch:
TechnologyGoneTooFar?
D.TheAppleWatch:
AConvenientWaytoExercise?
2.Havingsaidallthat,Ialsothinkthatspendingtoomuchtimebyyourselfcanseparateyoufromothers.Isupposeitisimportanttofindagoodbalancebetweenspendingvaluabletimebyyourselfandwithotherpeople.(北京东城一模D篇)
What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Istechnologyreallygoodforus?
B.Howcanwekeepintouchwithothers?
C.Whatisthebestwaytoenjoyourselves?
D.Dowespendenoughtimetrulybyourselves?
2015hasbeendecidedtobetheYearofFestivalsinMalaysia—sothere’sneverbeenabettertimetovisitMa
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