语法填空解题技巧与练习.docx
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语法填空解题技巧与练习.docx
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语法填空解题技巧与练习
语法填空解题策略与实践
变化:
今年英语高考大纲最重要的变化就是题型有重大调整,取消原来的15道单选题,新增10道语法填空题,分值不变总分仍为15分。
“同样都是考语法知识,但单选和语法填空题却有很大不同。
”于泓说,语法填空题是给出200字左右的一段短文或对话,段落中给出10个填空,其中4个填空是给出一个单词,填写它的正确词形,如形容词的比较级等,其余6个填空是结合上下文直接填词,这要求考生既要掌握熟练的语法知识,还要有一定的语言阅读能力。
从单选题那种单独句子中的单独的语法考核,到短文中的语法实际应用,此次题型转变得更加灵活。
应对:
于泓认为,今年高考英语从单选变成语法填空题,考题的难易程度应该是有所下降的,刻板的单纯语法考题将逐渐消失,基础知识好的考生完成语法填空题应该不成问题。
针对语法填空题如何复习,她提醒考生,应继续进行语法知识的复习,加强对词汇本身用法,如主、被、动,固定短语搭配,冠词、连词等运用进行复习。
此外,英语高考大纲中第二个值得重视的是英语作文中,今年增加了看图作文的例题,考生在复习时不要忽略练习。
看图作文多是根据指示图等说明具体位置或路程图等,考生在答题时首先要看明白图,其次注意方位,准确明白介绍自己的方位。
语法填空的考查范围:
1 语境(上下文);
2 语法:
动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。
语法填空的能力要求:
1.阅读/理解语篇的能力
2.分析句子结构的能力
3.熟练运用语法的能力
4.单词拼写能力
一、动词(谓语/非谓语)
给出动词的原形,根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。
填动词形式,首先抓住主谓结构,确定主句,剩下的部分,如有连词,则是句子,仍然有主谓结构,否则就用非谓语;是谓语就思考时态,语态,主谓一致,是非谓语就看主动被动,有否先后关系。
1.… MsChen (teach)meEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmyappreciationIdecidedtogetherapresent. (广州一模)
2.… IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI (tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood. (广州一模)
3.… Theexam,whichwasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,__________ (change)tothelibraryatthelastminute..(广州二模)
4.Ihadtoleaveworktotakehimtothehospitalbecausehe__________(break)hisfinger.(深二模)
5.Thechild,NicoleHobson, (take)byhermothertoChildren'sMemorialHospitalabout11p.m.,Wednesdaytocheck …(汕头二模)
6.Atransitspokesmansaidthedrivershould (make)radiocalltothecontrolcenterforhelp. (汕头二模)
7.AnofficialfromtheMinistryofEducationsaidthatChinafollowsaneducationalpolicythat (encourage)studentstostudyabroad. (茂名二模)
8.Oneofthemwasavisitor,sayinghewouldn’thavebeenthereifhe______(watch)theweatherforecastthedaybefore.(梅州二模)
9. Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson (receive)thegift. (广州一模)
10 … Withtheproblem (solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement..(广州二模)
11 … IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft_________ (complete)therest..(广州二模)
12.There, (place)neatlybesidetheemptydish,weretwonickelsandfivepennies—hertip!
(深一模)
13. (compare)withthepreviousyear,thenumberofstudentswhowentabroadforstudywasincreasedby15,000,orariseof13%. (茂名二模)
14.StormssweptalongNewMexico'sborderwithTexasonFriday,______(destroy)homesandotherbuildingsandinjuring…(梅州二模)
15.Wemustpractisespeakingand (write)thelanguagewheneverwecan.
16.butitisnotenoughonly (memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook. (佛山一模)
17. Thetelevisionviewermakesnochoiceandnojudgment.Heiscompletelypassiveandhaseverything______(present)tohimwithoutanyeffortonhispart. (东莞一模)
Keys:
1.hastaught/hasbeenteaching/hadtaught/hadbeenteaching 2.wastold/hadbeentold 3.waschanged 4.hadbroken 5.wasbeingtaken 6.havemade
7.encourages 8.hadwatched 9.receiving 10.solved 11.tocomplete
12.placed13.compared 14.destroying 15.writing 16.towriting 17.presented
二、代词
挖掉代词,句子的结构受到破坏,句子间出现不连贯。
1. …Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax . (广州二模)
2.Thelittleboypulled righthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberofcoinsinit. (深一模)
3. …thedriverdid tohelpandevenstoppedoncetopickupmorepassengers.(汕头二模)
4.Ifyougiveyourchildren … thattheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,thentheywillregard asunfitorunablepersons. (深圳罗湖)
5.Some134,000Chinesestudentswenttostudyabroad,and120,000of wereself-fundedstudents,…(茂名二模)
6.Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehear spoken.(佛山一模)
Keys:
1.myself2.his3.nothing4.themselves5.them 6.it
三、定语从句的引导词.
必须根据定语从句的信息和先行词进行推断,从而补出引导词,这本身就是考查逻辑思维能力。
1.…Theexam, wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,waschangedtothelibraryatthelastminute.(广州二模)
2… ThenIwenttothedepartmentstore Iworkedpart-timeandbought heranexpensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef. (广州一模)
3.Itwasapoemaboutme,______includedthetime …(深二模)
4.Atthesametime,therehadbeenagrowingnumberofoverseasstudents _______camebacktoChinaafterstudy. (茂名二模)
5.MoreandmoreChinesestudentsgoabroadforstudy, issupportedbytheChinesegovernment. (茂名二模)
Keys:
1.which2.where3.which4.who5.which
四、连词(从属连词/并列连词)
A) 引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。
如名词性从句的引导词what,who,which,when,where,whatever,whoever,whichever,whether;副词从句引导词where,wherever,when,if,how,unless,until …
1. … Manythingsmustbeconsideredsuchas thepersonisinterestedinandhowoldheis. (广州一模)
2.Myfaceturnedredonhearing__ mymothersaid.(惠州一模)
3.shewouldpointout theyhadmasteredanddeclaredfirmlytheycouldlearnwhattheyhadmissed. (深圳罗湖)
4.TheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(儿科)says childrenreallyneedforhealthdevelopmentismoregood,old-fashionedplaytime.(四校联考)
5.Ialmoststartedtoyellhisname_____Isuddenlyrememberedhewasinbedasleep. (深二模)
6. childrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependent.
7.Statisticsshowthat Chinacarriedouttheopening-uppolicy,atotalofonemillionstudentshavegoneabroadforstudy. (茂名二模)
8. wearesatisfiedwithonlyafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage. (佛山一模)
9.Somepeople,however,maintainthatthisisprecisely_________thedangerlies.
Keys:
1.what2.what3.what4.what5.when6.Unless7.since8.If9.where
B) 并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。
如and,but,or,though,although,so… 挖掉关联词,要想补上连词,思路必须与作者思路相吻合。
1.… Ihadnoideahowtodoit.Itriedtostaypositiveandpersevered Ifinallyfoundthesolution. (广州二模)
2.… Iaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterest Imademyfinaldecision. (广州一模)
3.Tom,an8—year—oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop satatatable.(深一模)
4.Itisdifficultforparentsofnearlyeveryfamilytoteachtheirchildrentoberesponsibleforhousework, withoneofthefollowingsuggestions,youreallycangetyourchildrentohelpathome. (深圳罗湖)
Keys:
1.until2.and3.and4.but
五、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语
此功能于关联词相似。
只是这种副词(短语)在用法上更加灵活多变。
典型的有though,however,also,therefore,still,besides,inaddition,instead,or,otherwise,first,second,then,finally,inaword等等。
1.This, ,didn’tbothermebecausemathshadalwaysbeenmystrongestsubject. (广州二模)
2.Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraise . (深圳罗湖)
Keys:
1.however2.instead
六、特殊句型(或固定短语)
考查对固定结构(短语)的熟悉掌握程度。
属于字词层面考查语法。
1.Itwasnotlong thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetable.
2. … wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG!
(广州一模)
3.SocarelesswasI_______Ihadforgottenallaboutthat. (深二模)
4.…"asamatterof_ ,youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievement…(惠州一模)
5.WhenCarettson,29,apassenger,wastryingtobring Nicole'slife…(汕头二模)
6.Thechildwasstrickenaboutamileaway thehospital. (汕头二模)
Keys:
1.before2.It 3.that4.fact5.back6.from
七、冠词
1.… ButmymoodquicklychangedwhenIsaw_____firstquestion.(广州二模)
2… ThenIwenttothedepartmentstore … andboughther expensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef..(广州一模)
3.Tom, 8—year—oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop. (深一模)
4.HetalkedabouthowIwrestledwithhimintheeveningsand_____goodmanyotherthings. (深二模)
5.Itoldthebusdriverthatmybabyhadjusthadheartoperationandthatshewashaving ____heartfailure. (汕头二模)
6.Televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,butalso_____ comparativelycheapone.(东莞一模)
Keys:
1.the 2.an 3.an 4.a 5.a 6.a
八、词形变化或者词性变化.
给出单词的原形,通过句子分析,缺少什么成分,再用正确的单词形式补充完整。
这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。
1… MrChenhastaughtmeEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy (appreciate)Idecidedtogetherapresent. (广州一模)
2. … (fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutestocompletetherest. (广州二模)
3.Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit
(patience). (深一模)
4. “Thirty-fivecents,” shesaid (rude). (深一模)
5.Idon’tknowifheplacedthepoemnexttothefailinggradeto______(soft)theblow,butitwork. (深二模)
6.Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto (understand)them.(惠州一模)
7.youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe_ (entertain)field.(惠一模)
8.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat (contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.(茂名二模)
9. …tocheckher (recent)inserted(插入)pacemaker. (汕头二模)
10.Thetornadoesdamagedseveral______(new)builtbuildings,…(梅州二模)
11.Numerousstudieshaveshownthatfreeplayisvery (benefit).Itcanhelpchildrenbecomecreative…(四校联考)
12 theycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionthelatest_______ (excite)footballmatch. (东莞一模)
Keys:
1.appreciation2.Fortunately3.impatient4.rudely5.soften6.misunderstand
7.entertainment8.contributions9.recently10.newly11.beneficial12.exciting
九、介词或数词
1.IwasalwaystoldthatthethreePs,…,wereasurepath_______ success.(广州二模)
2."Don'tbealwaysparticular_ yourpresentworkandincome.(惠州一模)
3.ItbegantomakesensetomethatIcouldincludepraisealong______constructivecriticism. (深二模)
4.Heshowedthepublicalimitededitionfour-wheeldrivecar,whichisespeciallymade _______hispersonaltaste.(梅州一模)
5.Fivewereincriticalcondition______headtrauma(外伤, 损伤),saidLizCrouch,thecenter'schiefoperatingofficer.
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