第11讲 三大从句广东中考英语语法复习专题原创资源大赛.docx
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第11讲 三大从句广东中考英语语法复习专题原创资源大赛.docx
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第11讲三大从句广东中考英语语法复习专题原创资源大赛
第十一讲三大从句
【Target】
⏹掌握:
宾语从句的概念和做题三部曲;定语从句中的关系代词判断方法;原因、结果、目的、让步状语从句的相关考点;条件和时间状语从句:
主将从现
⏹熟悉:
其他类型的状语从句的引导词;定语从句中whose用法;宾语从句中疑问词+todo
【语法总览】
【宾语从句知识】
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。
宾语从句的连接词
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
如果宾语从句为陈述句,常用that引导。
that本身无实际意义,也不在宾语从句中充当任何成分,因此常可省略。
例如:
Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.
Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.
Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.
2.如果宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化来的,应用连接代词who,whose,what,which等或连接副词when,where,why,how等引导。
例如:
Doyouknowwhotheyarewaitingfor?
Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.
CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?
Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.
3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
如果宾语从句是由一般疑问句转化来的,应用if或whether引导。
if,whether在句中不充当任何成分,但有一定的意义,意为“是否”,不可省略。
例如:
Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.
注意:
whether…ornot是固定搭配,此处的whether不能用if代替。
如:
Idon'tknowwhetherhehascomebackornot.我不知道他是否已经回来了。
例题
()1.We’llplanttreestomorrow,andIdon’tknow__________Tomwillcomeandjoinus.
A.whetherB.whichC.whatD.where
()2.—WhataboutgoingtotheSouthLakeforapicnicnextweekend?
—OK.ButI’mnotsure__________itwillrain.
A.whyB.whereC.whenD.whether
()3.—Couldyoutellme__________hecamehere?
—Hedroveherehimself.
A.howB.whyC.whenD.whether
()4.—Doyouknow__________Emmais?
—Imetherontheplaygroundjustnow.
A.whatB.howC.whereD.who
()5.—Doyouknow__________thegirlinwhiteis?
—I’mnotsure.Maybesheisadoctor.
A.howB.whereC.whatD.who
()6.Doyouknow__________Zunyiornottomorrow?
A.whetheraretheyleavingforB.whethertheyareleavingfor
C.iftheyareleavingforD.ifaretheyleavingfor
()7.—Couldyoutellme__________?
—AttheendofJuly.
A.howoftenheheardfromhispenpalB.howsoonhewillbehere
C.thathewentonvacationD.whenyouwillstartyourvacation
()8.—IsTomstillinNewYorkoralreadybackathome?
—I’mnotsure__________.I’llcalltomakesure.
A.howhewillbebackB.thathehascomeback
C.whyhehascomebackD.ifhehasbeenback
宾语从句的语序
无论主句是什么语序,宾语从句除了引导词放在从句的句首外,还要注意宾语从句要用陈述语序,即“主语+谓语+……”。
例如:
Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschool.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?
Pleasetellmewhenwewillhavethemeeting.
SheaskedmewhetherIwouldgototheparty.
注意:
当连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时,则要保持原来的语序,即“连接代词+谓语”。
Idon'tknowwhoistherichestofthem.(who在宾语从句中作主语)
TheteacheraskedmewhathappenedtoJenny.
CouldyoutellmewhichisthewaytotheNanhuPark?
例题
()1.Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme__________?
A.whereisthebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbank
C.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere
()2.—Doyouknow__________?
—Yes.Sheisdoingherhomework.
A.whatisyoursisterdoingB.whatyoursisterisdoing
C.whenyoursisterisdoinghomeworkD.whereisyoursisterdoinghomework
()3.—Didtheradiosay________?
—Yes,fromHunan.
A.howthebadricecameB.wherethebadricecamefrom
C.howdidthebadricecomeD.wheredidthebadricecomefrom
( )4.Doyouknow________ofthethree?
A.whichbookshelikesbestB.whichbestbookdoesshelike
C.thatwhichbookshelikesbestD.whichbookshebestlikes
( )5.Thewomanaskedthepolicemanwhere__________.
A.thepostofficeisB.wasthepostoffice
C.isthepostofficeD.thepostofficewas
( )6.Idon’tremember__________thebookyesterday.
A.whereIputB.wheredidIput
C.wherewillIputD.wherelwillput
宾语从句的时态
1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什么时态。
如:
Idon’tknowwhenhewillarrive.(从句一般将来时)
Ithinkthatyoutoldalie.(从句一般过去时)
Pleasetelluswhereheis.(从句一般现在时)
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时)。
例如:
Heaskedwhattimeitwas.(一般过去时)
Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeeting.(过去进行时)
HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.(过去完成时)
HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.Soon.(过去将来时)
3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。
例如:
OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.
Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.
4.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同时,从句可化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
如:
Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddonext.=Idon'tknowwhattodonext.
Idon'tknowhowIcandoit.=Idon'tknowhowtodoit.
例题
( )1.—Ihavenoidea__________thebooktothelibrary.
—Letmetellyou.YoushouldreturnitbeforethisFriday.
A.whenIwillreturnB.whenIreturnC.whenwillIreturnD.whenIreturned
( )2.—Iwanttoknow_________.
—Sorry.I’venoidea.Butshewasherejustnow.
A.whereisAnnB.whereAnnisC.wherewasAnnD.whereAnnwas
( )3.Hewantedtoknow________.
A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB.whenthemeetingwouldstart
C.whathe'sgoingtodoatthemeetingD.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld
( )4.—Couldyoutellme________theBambooGarden?
—Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.
A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisit
C.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit
( )5.—Couldyoutellme________at8:
00lastnight?
—Er,IwaswatchingTVathome.
A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoing
C.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing
( )6.Themathproblemissohard.Ireallydon’tknow__________.
A.howtodoitB.howtodoC.whattodoitD.whatwillIdo
()7.Didyouknowthat_________.
A.lightgoesfasterthansoundB.lightwillgofasterthansound
C.lightwentfasterthansoundD.lightwouldgofasterthansound
()8.—Sorry,whatdidyousayjustnow?
—Iasked__________.
A.whenheleavesforLundonB.whatyouarebusydoing
C.whoyouwillgowithD.howIcouldgettothestation
()9.Thepolicewomanaskedthelittleboy__________.
A.wheredidheliveB.wherehelived
C.wherehelivesD.wheredoeshelive
【能力强化】
()1.—Couldyoupleasetellme________?
—Certainly.
A.whatshouldIdotoimprovemyEnglishB.howcanIgettothereadingroom
C.whatsheislookingforD.whenshallwehaveaparents'meeting
()2.Hewantstoknow________.
A.whentheLondonOlympicswillbeginB.whenwilltheLondonOlympicsbegin
C.whattheLondonOlympicswillbeginD.whatwilltheLondonOlympicsbegin
()3.—Doyouknow________Londonforthe30thOlympicGames?
—Nextmonth.
A.whentheyvisitedB.whenwilltheyvisit
C.whendidtheyvisitedD.whentheywillvisit
()4.—CanIjoinyou?
—Sure,wearetalkingabout________.
A.whenshallwegotothemovieB.howcanwegothere
C.whoshouldwegowithD.whywelikethemovie
()5.Themansaid________hesawmanystrangerscomingintohisvillage.
A.whenB.whetherC.whatD.that
()*6.Theteachertoldustheearth________thesun.
A.wentaroundB.goesaroundC.goaroundD.hasgonearound
()7.—Whatdidyourteachersaythismorning?
—Sheaskedme________.
A.whenTomwouldgettoschoolB.whatwillTomdoatschool
C.howdidTomcometoschoolD.whywasTomlateforschool
()8.—Ican'tfindMary.Where'sshe?
—Sorry,Idon'tknow________.
A.wherehasshebeenB.whereshehasbeen
C.wherehasshegoneD.whereshehasgone
()9.MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2009.
A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived
()10.Idon’tknowwhen__________.
A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave
( )*11.—Sorry,Idon'tknowwhattheteachersaidjustnow.
—HeaskedMaria________.
A.howlongsheusuallyspendsonherhomeworkB.whatshewasdoingthesedays
C.whydidn'tMikecometothemeetingyesterdayD.whenthespeechwillbegin
()12.—Whatareyoutalkingabout?
—Wearetalkingabout_______togiveatalkonWTO.Todayortomorrow?
A.how B.where C.when D.what
()13.Iwonder_________.
A.wheredoeshelive B.whereheliveC.heliveswhere D.wherehelives
()14.—Davidasked________inChina.
—Ofcoursenot.Chineseusuallyshakehandswithaladyasagreeting.
A.whyhecangreetaladybykissingher
B.Whyhecouldgreetaladybykissingher
C.Whetherhecangreetaladybykissingher
D.Whetherhecouldgreetaladybykissingher
【定语从句】
概念:
用来修饰名词、名词词组或代词的从句叫定语从句。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词,被定语从句所修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫先行词。
如:
HeisthemanwhoIwanttosee.他就是我想要见的那个人。
先行词 关系词 定语从句
分类:
定语从句主要由关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that和关系副词when,where,why引导。
作用:
关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,既起连接作用,又在定语从句中担任某种成分。
关系代词引导的定语从句
一、先行词是人的情况
1.做主语,用who和that。
例如:
Thevisitorwho/thatcameyesterdayisanEnglishteacher
2.做宾语,用whom/that/who,可省略。
例如:
Doyouknowthegirlwhom/that/whoTomistalkingto?
二、先行词是物的情况
1.做主语,用which和that。
例如:
Thisisthebookthat/whichiswrittenbyMoYan.
2.做宾语,用which和that,可省略。
例如:
Thecakethat/whichImadeyesterdayisgood.
三、whose的使用
意为“……的”;先行词可是人,也可是物;在定语从句中作定语whose+名词。
例如:
Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
☆关系代词总结
先行词是人
先行词是物
缺主语:
用who和that;
缺主语:
用which和that;
缺宾语:
用who,whom和that或省略
缺宾语:
用which和that或省略
whose:
一般前后都有名词,“……的”
【能力强化】
()1.Icanneverforgetthestories_________mygrandmatoldme.
A.whatB.whoC.themD.that
()2.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?
—Ilikethemovies_________areaboutChinesehistory.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseDwhich
( )3.I'mlookingatthephoto________yousentmewithyourletter.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.it
( )4.It'stimetosaygoodbyetomyschool.I'llalwaysrememberthepeople____
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