独立主格结构练习试题.docx
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独立主格结构练习试题.docx
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独立主格结构练习试题
独立主格结构练习一
1.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.
A.TherewasB.TherebeingC.BecausetherebeingD.Therewere
2.____,I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.
A.TimepermitsB.IftimepermittingC.TimepermittingD.Time'spermitting
3._____,weallwenthomehappily.
A.GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid
4._____,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.
A.Itbeingfineweather B.Itfineweather
C.Itwasfineweather D.Itbeingafineweather
5.____,thebusstartedatonce.
A.ThesignalwasgivenB.Thesignalgiving
C.Thesignalgiven D.Whenthesignalgiven
6.Shestoodthere,_____fromhercheeks.
A.tears'rollingdown B.tearsrolleddown
C.withtearsrolleddownD.tearsrollingdown
7.____,theleavesareturninggreen.
A.Whenspringcomingon B.Springcomingon
C.Springcameon D.Springbeingcomeon
8._____,Ihadtobuyanewone.
A.Mydictionarylosing B.Mydictionaryhavingbeenlost
C.Mydictionaryhadbeenlost D.Becausemydictionarylost
9.Iusedtosleepwiththewindow_____.
A.openedB.openC.openingDtoopen
10.____,thehunterwentintotheforest.
A.Agunonshoulder B.Agunwasonhisshoulder
C.Gunonshoulder D.Agunbeingonshoulder
11.____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.
A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through
12.Withalotofwork____,Ihavetosituptonight.
A.do B.doingC.done D.todo
13.Hestoodtheresilently,hislips_____.
A.trembling B.trembled C.weretrembling D.weretrembling
14._____,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.
A.Allthingsconsidering B.Allthingsconsidered
C.AllthingswereconsideredD.Withallthingswereconsidered
15.______,wewillsurelysucceed.
A.Theteacherhelpingus B.Theteachertohelpus
C.Theteacherwillhelpus D.Withtheteacherhelping
独立主格结构巩固练习二
1.Thethiefstoodbeforethepoliceman,__________admittingwhathehaddone.★
A.withhisdroopingheadB.droopinghishead
C.raisinghisheadD.withhisheaddown
2.__________,hecan'tgooutforawalkasusual.
A.WithsomuchworktodoB.Withsomuchworkdoing
C.WithsomuchworkdoneD.Withoutsomuchworktodo
3.It'squitestrangethatthemansleepswithhismouth__________andhiseyes_________.★
A.closed;openB.closed;opened
C.closing;openD.closing;opening
4.Allthings__________,theplantripwillhavetobecalledoff.
A.beconsideredB.considered
C.consideringD.havingconsidering
5.__________,wehavetogetdowntobusinessrightaway.★
A.AstherewasnotimeleftB.Thereisnotimeleft
C.TherebeingnotimeleftD.Theretobenotimeleft
6.__________yesterday,wewentoutforawalk.★
A.AsafinedayB.Itwasafineday
C.ItbeingafinedayD.Foritwasafineday
7.Theoldmanstoodthere,__________.
A.withbackagainstthewallB.withhisbackagainstthewall
C.withbackagainstwallD.hisbackagainstwall
独立主格结构巩固练习三
1.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.
A.TherewasB.TherebeingC.Becausetherebeing
2.____,I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.
A.TimepermitsB.IftimepermittingC.TimepermittingD.Time'spermitting
3._____,weallwenthomehappily.
A.GoodbyewassaidB.Goodbyehadbeensaid
C.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid
4._____,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.
A.ItbeingfineweatherB.Itfineweather
C.ItwasfineweatherD.Itbeingafineweather
5.____,thebusstartedatonce.
A.ThesignalwasgivenB.Thesignalgiving
C.ThesignalgivenD.Whenthesignalgiven
6.Shestoodthere,_____fromhercheeks.
A.tears'rollingdownB.tearsrolleddown
C.withtearsrolleddownD.tearsrollingdown
7.____,theleavesareturninggreen.
A.WhenspringcomingonB.Springcomingon
C.SpringcameonD.Springbeingcomeon
8._____,Ihadtobuyanewone.
A.MydictionarylosingB.Mydictionaryhavingbeenlost
C.MydictionaryhadbeenlostD.Becausemydictionarylost
9.Iusedtosleepwiththewindow_____.
A.openedB.openC.openingDtoopen
10.____,thehunterwentintotheforest.
A.AgunonshoulderB.Agunwasonhisshoulder
C.GunonshoulderD.Agunbeingonshoulder
11.____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.
A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through
12.Withalotofwork____,Ihavetosituptonight.
A.doB.doingC.doneD.todo
13.Hestoodtheresilently,hislips_____.
A.tremblingB.trembledC.weretremblingD.weretrembling
14._____,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.
A.AllthingsconsideringB.Allthingsconsidered
C.AllthingswereconsideredD.Withallthingswereconsidered
15.______,wewillsurelysucceed.
A.TheteacherhelpingusB.Theteachertohelpus
C.TheteacherwillhelpusD.Withtheteacherhelping
独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。
但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,我们称之为独立主格结构(AbsoluteConstruction)。
其实,所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立,它还是一种从属的结构。
一、非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Suchanablemantohelpyou,youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater. 有这么能干的人来帮你,你迟早一定会成功的。
(suchanableman和tohelpyou之间存在着主谓关系)
=Sincesuchanablemanwillhelpyou,youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.
Heseatinghimselfatthedesk,hismotherbegantotellhimastory. 他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开始给他讲故事。
(seatinghimselfatthedesk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he,注意是“主格”)
=Whenheseatedhimselfatthedesk,hismotherbegantotellhimastory.
Thekeytothebikelost,hehadtowalktoschool. 由于丢了自行车钥匙,他只好步行去学校。
(lost的逻辑主语是thekey,lost也可以用完成式havingbeenlost)
=Becausethekeytothebikehadbeenlost,hehadtowalktoschool.
A.不定式“独立主格结构”
在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。
1.动词不定式用主动的形式
在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Hismothertocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。
(=Ashismotheristocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.)
——Willyougototheconcerttonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗?
——sorry,somanyexercise-bookstocheck,Ireallycan'taffordanytime.对不起,有这多的作业要批,我真的抽不出时间。
(=BecauseIshallchecksomanyexercise-bookstonight,Ireallycan'taffordanytime.)
Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabour,eachtotranslateaquarterofthebook.我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。
(=Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabourandeachistotranslateaquarterofthebook.)
Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful. 种上许多的树,花和草后,我们新建的学校将看上去更美。
(=Ifmanytrees,flowers,andgrassareplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.)
B.-ing形式“独立主格结构”
动词的-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。
Beingill,hewenthome. 由于生病,他回家了。
(=Ashewasveryill,hewenthome.)
Seatinghimselfatthedesk,hebegantoreadamagazine.在课桌旁坐好后,他开始看杂志。
(=Whenhehadseatedhimselfatthedesk,hebegantoreadamagazine.)
1.表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Everyonebeingready,theteacherbeganhisclass. 每个人都准备好后,老师开始上课。
(相当于一个时间状语从句Wheneveryonewas ready)
Thechairmanbeganthemeeting,everyonebeingseated. 每个人坐好后,主席开始开会。
(相当于一个时间状语从句aftereveryonewasseated)
2.表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Theboyleadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthestrangecave.由那个男孩带路,我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。
(相当于一个原因状语从句Becausetheboyledtheway)
Manyeyeswatchinghim,hefeltabitnervous.许多眼睛看着他,他感到有点儿紧。
(相当于一个原因状语从句Asmanyeyeswerewatchinghim)
必背:
含有being的独立主格结构。
ItbeingNationalDaytoday,thestreetsareverycrowded.今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。
=AsitisNationalDaytoday,thestreetsareverycrowded.
Therebeingnofurtherbusinesstodiscuss,weallwenthome.没有别的事可讨论,我们都回家了。
=Astherewasnofurtherbusinesstodiscuss,weallwenthome.
3.表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Timepermitting,wewillhaveapicnicnextweek. 时间允许的话,我们下星期将进行一次野炊。
(相当于一个条件状语从句Iftime permits)
Myhealthallowing,Iwillworkfarintothenight.我的健康许可的话,我愿工作到深夜。
(相当于一个条件状语从句Ifmyhealthallows)
4.表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Thestudentsarewalkingintheschoolhappily,eachwearingacardinfrontofhischest.学生们快乐地在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一卡。
(相当于一个并列分句andeachwearsacardinfrontofhischest)
Theboylayonthegrass,hiseyeslookingatthesky. 男孩躺在草地上,眼睛看着天空。
(相当于一个并列分句andhiseyeswerelookingatthesky)
C.-ed形式“独立主格结构”
与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样,如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话,就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。
ThebookwritteninsimpleEnglish,Englishbeginnerswereabletoreadit.该书是用简单英语写的,英语初学者也能看懂。
( =AsthebookwaswritteninsimpleEnglish,Englishbeginnerswereabletoreadit.)
Theworkersworkedstillharder,theirlivingconditionsgreatlyimproved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了。
( =Astheirlivingconditionsweregreatlyimproved,theworkersworkedstillharder.)
Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard. 他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。
(=Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,andhiseyeswerefixedontheblackboard.)
Thetaskcompleted,hehadtwomonths'leave. 任务完成以后,他休了两个月的假。
(=Whenthetaskhadbeencompleted,hehadtwomonths'leave.)
比较:
动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生,动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束,动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。
Themanagerlooksworried,manythingstosettle.经理看上去很着急,有这么多的事情要处理。
(事情还没有处理,而且是由经理本人来处理,用不定式tosettle)
Themanagerlooksrelaxed,manythingssettled.许多事情已经处理好了,经理看上去很轻松。
(事情已经处理好了,用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束)
Thefoodbeingcooked,theboywaswatchingTV.小孩一边做饭,一边看电视。
(两个动作同时进行)
Thefoodcooked,theboywenttobed. 饭做好了,小孩去睡了。
(两个动作有先后,饭已做好,小孩才去睡觉的)
二、无动词独立主格结构
“逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”的一种形式。
在这种结构中,being往往可以被省去,这种省去being的结构,称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。
A.逻辑主语+名词
Tenstudentsenteredforthecompetition,theyoungestaboyof12.
十个学生报名参加了这
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