英语单词词性判断.docx
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英语单词词性判断.docx
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英语单词词性判断
单词词性判断技能指导
●单词词性判断可以在词义的理解及书写句子方面帮助学生。
名词
名词有四数:
可数与不可数,单数或复数;限定与动词不可忘。
四数加限定!
一.怎样确定名词:
一般情况下在下列结构中我们可确定所缺空应为名词
◇1.a/an/the+(adj.)+名词;a/thebook;therichthedisabledtheSmiths
◇2.adj.+名词;abigstone;alongriver;interestingbooks
◇3.adv.+adj.+名词;averyhonestboy
◇4.介词+名词;intheroom;underconstruction
◇5.形容词性物主代词+名词;mysurprise;hishonesty
◇6.数词+名词;fivegirls;
◇7.缺的词在句中为主语,表语,宾语时多为名词。
Theyhavebooks.
及时练习1:
1.Therehasbeena30%growthinthe____(市场)forpersonalcomputers.
3.Hehasdiscoveredalotof___________(发现)inscience.
5.IamsorrythatIcan’tattendthe__________(讲座)onAmericanhistory.
6.Shestartedasasuccessfulmerchantbutendedupasa__________(乞丐).
7.Therewasasurprised_____________(表情)onherface.
8.Ourcityhasexperiencedgreat___________(变化)inthepastfewyears
9.Pleasegivemy_________(祝贺)whenyouseeher.
10.Jacktookadeep_____________(呼吸)andthendivedintothewater.
11.Oliverwasunabletogivepolicea______________(描述)ofhisattack.
12.Thecarwasa____________(廉价货)attheprice.
动词→名词练习:
achieveaddarguearriverespond
retirerudesavesailsell1.market3discoveries5.lecture6beggar7.expression8changes9.congratulations10.breath11.description12.bargain
及时练习2:
指出下列文中的名词:
Intheearly1990s,theword“Internet”wasstrangetomostpeople.Buttoday,Internethasbecomeausefultoolforpeopleallovertheworld.MaybeInternethasbeenthegreatestinventioninthefieldofcommunicationinthehistoryofmankind(人类).
CommunicatingwithothersontheInternetismuchfaster.Wecanchatwithapersonwhoissittingintheotherpartoftheworld.Wecane-mailourfriendsandtheycanreadthee-mailswithinaminute.
GivingallkindsofinformationisprobablythebiggestadvantageoftheInternet.Wecanusesearchenginestofindtheinformationweneed.Justtypeinakeywordorkeywordsandthesearchenginewillgiveusalistofsuitablewebsitestolookat.
WecanenjoyalotontheInternetbydownloadinggames,visitingchatroomsorsurfing(浏览)websites.Therearesomegamesforfree.Wecanmeetnewandinterestingpeopleinthechatnow.Wecanalsolistentomusicandseefilms.
二.怎样确定名词的单数或复数;可数或不可数
§确定名词单数或复数的方法:
1.由名词前面的数词:
1.Ihaveseveral______(书)ontheshelf.2.Thisbuscancarry60(乘客).
2.由名词后的动词单数或复数(即主谓一致):
The_____(建议)arereasonableandsomeofuswillacceptthem.
3.由句意:
Our______(教授)heldameetingabouthowtoimproveourEnglish.
Whatisthebest-knownchainoffast-food(餐馆)intheworld.
※及时练习3:
判断下列名词正误:
1.Theyoftenhavefish,meatandvegetableforsupper.
2.Mrs.Smithgetswellalongwithherneighbor.
3.Theyhadonlythreemealofsoupeveryday.
4.DickenswroteOliverTwistintheyear1837-1838.
5.Hisnewplaywasagreatsucceed.
6.Theanimalsareusefultothedesertpeopleinmanyway.
7.Asheexploredthesea,hetookpictureandvideosofmanythingthatpeoplehadneverseenbefore.
8.Theyweregivenkindsofbreakfast,andsometimestheygotnobreakfastatall.
9.Schoolchildwalkedwiththeirshirts,coatsandanythingelsetheycouldfindpulledupovertheirnose.
10.Themiddlepartofthe20thcenturybroughtnewwaystohelppeoplegetoverdisease.
11.Toomanytreeshavebeencutthisyears.
12.Theyusecamelsforcarryingwater,food,tentsandanotherthings.
§确定名词可数或不可数的方法:
注意三类名词:
1、总是不可数的名词:
1)物质名词:
furniture,equipment,
2)抽象名词:
advice,progress,news,fun,truth,milk,ink,rice,…
2.根据名词本身的意义:
1)物质名词:
water(水u,水域c),rain(雨水u,一场雨c)
2)抽象名词:
experience(经验u,经历c),pleasure(愉快u,乐事c),success(成功u,成功的人c),failure(失败u,失败的人或事c),pity(遗憾u,遗憾的事c),surprise(惊讶u,惊讶的事c),
3.个体名词总是可数名词:
book,desk,
三.限定词:
限定词是位于名词或名词词组之前,对他们在特指、泛指或数量等方面起限定作用的一类词。
Sheshowedacertainelegance.Thejudgedivorcedthecouple.Hehasgotsomebrains(智慧)!
限定词与形容词的区别主要是:
限定词只对名词起限定作用(有些限定词也可用作其他词性,如代词等),而形容词则描述名词的特征、状态等:
Welivedinsmallhouse.→Welivedinasmallhouse.
house是个体名词,一般来说,个体名词是可数名词,有单数复数形式,单数形式的个体名词(可数名词)除在部分习语或固定搭配中外,一般不可单独使用,须根据具体情况与冠词、不定代词、指示代词或其它限定词连用,或使用其复数形式。
练习:
改正下列错误:
1.SheshouldbeabletogetjobinEurope.
2.Mr.Blakewasconsideredexcellentmusicteacher.3.Howdidaccidenthappen?
4.Iwillgiveyouotherchancetoproveyourself.5.Doyouhaveclassthismorning?
6.ImportantproductofSouthAfricaarefruitandgold.7.SheisEnglishteacher.
动词
由于动词在句中有谓语和非谓语两种形式,可根据所缺单词在句中充当的成分来判断此处是否为动词。
一.一般情况下:
◇1.is,am,are,was,were,
◇2.will(would),can(could),must,may,…
◇3.has…,have…,had…,don’t,didn’t,doesn’t…
◇4.V+s:
goes,likes,…
◇5.动词原型:
want/go/
以上4项为确定的谓语动词。
句中有了确定的谓语动词后其它的动词形如V-ing/todo/done(-ed)的为非谓语动词。
YouwanttoknowaboutmystayinginAmerica,right?
Well,totellyouthetruth,itisreallyaneye-openingexperiencetostudyhere.
InChina,IhadEnglishclassesfivetimesaweeksincefifthgrade.However,Ididn’tknowhowdifferenttextbookEnglishcouldbefromeverydayEnglishuntilIcametoHotchkissSchool,Connecticut.
WhenIfirststudiedEnglish,Iwastoldtosay,“Iamfine.”whenpeoplesay“Howareyou?
”ButintheUS,Ifoundthatpeoplesay,“Iamgood.”or“I’mtired.”
Oneday,someonegreetedmewith“What’sup?
”Itmademeconfused.IthoughtforamomentandthensmiledbecauseIdidn’tknowwhattosay.
二.谓语动词的判断:
1.主动形式:
如何主语实施了谓语动作,意义完整,就是表达主动关系。
Heinvitedtotheparty…()
Heinvitedmetotheparty.()
Hewasinvitedtotheparty.()
Hewasinvitedhimtotheparty.()
2.被动形式:
如果主语没有实施谓语动词动作而是承受了该动作,应该用be+done形式表示,只有过分只能表示被动关系。
Helookedthismorning.()
Theboytooktotheschool.()
Thepatientsenttothehospital.()
Theshocksandfirescausedbytheearthquakedestroyedthevillage.()
三.动词与名词的判断:
1.I'mreadytomatchmystrengthagainstyours.我已经准备好与你较量力气。
Hethoughthecouldbeatanyoneattennis,buthe'smethismatchinher.
他以为他打网球所向无敌,但遇到她却是旗鼓相当。
afootballmatch足球比赛
2.Sheisthepictureofhermother.她活像她的妈妈。
Itishardtopicturelifeahundredyearsago.我们很难想象一百年前人们的生活。
3.Haveyouseenanygoodfilmslately?
你最近看过什么好电影吗?
Thetelevisioncompanyisfilminginourtown.电视公司正在我们镇上拍片子。
形容词和副词
若所缺单词为修饰语则考虑形容词和副词。
形容词的主要句法作用为表语和定语,用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词,据此可判断所缺是否为形容词;副词一般主要用来修饰形容词,副词,动词或整个句子,据此可判断所缺单词是否为副词。
形容词的学习:
在下列结构中应该用形容词:
◇a+adj+natallboy写一写:
__________________________________________
◇be+adj.Heistall.写一写:
__________________________________________
◇keep/find/make/think…itadj.to/that……
◇be+as+adj.+asdo+as+adv.+as
*beso/too/very/how/however+adj.(不用adv.)
1)形容词在句子中的句法作用及位置:
⑴作定语时放在名词的前面。
形容词修饰名词。
结构:
a/an/…_______名词
LiMeiisabeautifulcitygirl. ThenewstudentcomesfromJapan.
Myfather’s carisveryexpensive. TheEnglishstoryisveryinteresting.
★少数形容词只能作定语这些形容词包括little,live(活着的),elder,eldest等,只能作定语,不能作表语。
例如:
(正)Myelderbrotherisadoctor.(误)MybrotheriselderthanI.
(正)Thisisalittlehouse.(误)Thehouseislittle.
(正)Doyouwantlivefishordeadone?
(误)Theoldmonkeyisstilllive.
★貌似副词的形容词:
lonely,friendly,lively,lovely,likely,deadly,daily,weekly,
★后置的情况:
①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。
如:
Somethingserioushashappenedtohim.(他发生了严重的事故)
1.Everyminutethereis_____goingonhere.
A.excitingsomethingB.somethingexcitingC.excitinganythingD.anythingexciting
2.Thisriverisabout5feet________.A.deepB.widelyC.depthD.length
⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后,构成系表结构。
结构:
连系动词+形容词。
如:
Theideasoundsgreat.
连系动词主要有:
be(am,is,are),look(看起来),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(感到,摸起来).
结构:
look/sound/smell/taste/feel/seem/…形容词
look/sound/smell/taste/feel/seem/…副词(-ly/very/so/…)+形容词
Thesouptastedverydelicious.
★少数形容词只能作表语这些形容词包括ill,asleep,awake,alone,afraid,well,worth,glad,unable等,只能作表语,不能作定语。
(表语形容词)例如:
(正)Don’t beafraid.(误)Mr.Liisanafraidman.
(正)Theoldmanwasillyesterday.(误)Thisisanillperson.
(正)Thisplaceisworthvisiting.(误)Thatisaworthbook.
练习:
判断下列形容词所充当的成分:
1.asmallGermantown2.alightbluesweater3.It’snothingserious.
4.Hefeelslonely.5.Tomistall6.Johnlookssohappy.
2.Themanlookedatmewitha______smile.A.friendB.friendsC.friendlyD.friendlily
3.Theneighborsvisittheoldman,sohedoesn’tfeel____atall.
A.friendlyB.lovelyC.lonelyD.lively
4.Theflowersinthegardensmell______.A.nicelyB.wonderfullyC.wellD.nice
5.The_____boyhasbeeninhospitalforamonth.A.illB.sickC.afraidD.alone
6.Don’teatthemeat.Itsmells______.A.terribleB.badlyC.deliciousD.good
7.Hereisa____mouse.Wasitkilledbyyourcat?
A.dieB.diedC.deathD.deadE.deadly
8.Marylooks_____athome.A.happyB.happilyC.happierD.morehappy
Marylooks_____atthemodelintheroom.A.happyB.happilyC.happierD.morehappy
9.Ihave_____todotoday.
A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething
10.Whata____cough!
Youseem_____ill.
A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly
⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。
如:
Wemusttryourbesttokeepourenvironmentclean.
★keep/find/make/think+宾语+形容词(作宾补)
练习:
1.Youmustkeepyoureyes_____whenyoudoeyeexercises.A.closeB.openC.closedD.opened
2.Weshouldtryourbesttomakeourlife_______.A.wellB.beautifullyC.wonderfulD.bad
改错:
1.I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.
2.Theroomissonoise.
3.Thefishhasgonebad.Ittastesterribly.
4.I’msureyourillnessiscausedbysomethingseriously.
5.Themixtureofcoffee,milk,andsugartastesdifferentlyfro
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