考研英语二真题 黄金修订版带答案.docx
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考研英语二真题 黄金修订版带答案.docx
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考研英语二真题黄金修订版带答案
黄金修订版带答案2011年考研英语
(二)真题完整版
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheWeb.
Canprivacybepreserved2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3?
Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation‘scyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta4tomaketheWebasaferplace-a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.
Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould9whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver‘slicense10bythegovernment.
GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.
12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”ncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa13community.
Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns”。
Still,theadministration‘splanhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternet“drive’slicense”mentality.
Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.
1.A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden
2.A.forB.withinC.whileD.though
3.A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helpless
4.A.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposal
5.A.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent
6.A.byB.intoC.fromD.over
7.A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.compared
8.A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve
9.A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize
10.A.relcasedB.issuedC.distributedD.delivered
11.A.carryonB.lingeronC.setinD.login
12.A.InvainB.IneffectC.InreturnD.Incontrast
13.A.trustedB.modernizedc.thrivingD.competing
14.A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience
15.A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across
16.A.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.united
17.A.frequestlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventually
18.A.skepticismB.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm
19.A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible
20.A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forced
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs‘sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:
ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?
ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.
Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm‘sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.
TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobability
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