医学英语词根词头.docx
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医学英语词根词头.docx
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医学英语词根词头
cardiacadj.心脏的
cardiomyopathyn.心肌病
cardiovascularadj.心血管的
cardiologyn.心脏病学
myocarditisn.心肌炎
electrocardiogramn.心电图
人体部位?
EnglishLatin?
(拉丁语)Greek?
(希腊语)
静脉vein?
veno-?
?
phlebo-?
胸chest?
pecto-?
thoraco-?
?
腹belly?
abdomino-?
ventro-
脊柱?
?
backbonespino-spondylo-
脑braincerebro-encephalo-
头head?
capito-?
cephalo-
心?
heart?
cordi-?
cardio-?
?
手hand?
mano-/manu-cheiro-?
血管?
vesselvaso-?
angio-?
?
o:
adrenalgland(肾上腺)
adrenal-al,pertainingto,肾上腺的
adrenaline-lin/line,substance,肾上腺素
adrenalitis-itis,inflammation,肾上腺素的
2.–ar:
pertainingto与……有关的
vascularvascul/o,bloodvessel.血管的
cellular细胞的
Molecular分子的,由分子组成的
3.bi/o:
life生命,生物
Biomedical生物化学的
biology-logy,thestudyof,生物,生物学
biophysical生物物理学
4.chrom/o,chromomat:
color颜色
chromosomes-somes,bodies,染色体
chromatin-in,substance,核染色质
5.crin/o:
secrete分泌
endocrinology内分泌学
crinogenicgen/o+ic,pertainingtotheproduction,促分泌的
crinology分泌学
6.–cyte:
cell细胞
erythrocyteerythr/o,red,红细胞
leukocyteleuk/o,white,白细胞
lymphocytelymph/o,lymph(淋巴)淋巴细胞
7.cyt/:
cell细胞
cytology细胞学
cytochemistry细胞化学
cytobiology细胞生物学
8.embry/o:
embryo(胚胎)
embryology胚胎学
embryoma-oma,tumor胚瘤
embryopathology胚胎病理学
pathology,thestudyofdisease,病理学
:
inner内部的
endocrinology内分泌学
endocardinal心内膜的
endocellular细胞内的
10.hist/o:
tissue组织
histology组织学
Histopathology组织病理学
histotherapy组织疗法
hepat/o,liver肝脏
hepatitis,theinflammationofliver肝炎
vs.endo/crino/logy
gastr/o,stomach胃
enter/o,intestine肠
gastr/o/enter/o/logy肠胃病学
(1)…..炎:
theinflammationof……术…operationof….
缝合术:
-orraphy
aneurysmorraphy(suture);动脉瘤缝术
aneurysm:
动脉瘤
切除术:
ectomy:
removal
pharyngectomy咽切除
appendectomy:
阑尾切除术
append/o:
appendic/o:
appendix阑尾
固定术:
-pexy:
fixing
rectopexy直肠固定术
rect/o:
rectum直肌
3)方位/时间方面的词缀
上:
uppera-,an-not/withoutasymptomatic
anemia(-emia,blood)
amorphous
2.ana-apart分离anatomy
analysis(-lysis,separation/breakdown)
analyst(-yst=ist,specialist)
3.angio-vessels血管angiogram(-gram,record)
angioplasty(-plasty,surgicalrepair)
angitis(-itis,inflammation)
4.anti-against反对antibody(body,substance)
antigen(asubstance,)
5.-arypertainingtopulmonary(pulm/o,thelungs)
urinary(urin/o,urine)
6.de-lackof/down/lossdeficiency
degeneration
deoxyribonucleic
complete,crossthroughdiagnosis(gnos/o,knowlege)
dialysis
diameter(-meter,instrumentofmeasurement)
8.electr/oelectricity电electrocardiograph
(-graph,aninstrumentofrecording)
electromyogram(my/o,muscle;
-gram,record)
electroencephalogram
(encephal/o,brain)
9.en-in,withinendemic(dem/o,people),
enclose
engulf
10.gnos/oknowledgeagnostic
Prognosis
常见的医学英语词缀
(1)…痛…headache,stomachache
….thepainof;ache,-algia;-agra;-dynia
neuralgia神经痛;neur/o:
nerve(神经);
gastralgia胃痛;gastr/o:
gaster,stomach(胃)
arthralgia关节痛;arthr/o:
joint(关节)
abdominalgia腹痛;abdomin/o:
abdomen(腹部)
(2).与检查有关的词缀
镜检:
-scopy镜检法;-scope镜;gastroscopy胃镜法;
量具:
-meter:
instrumentformeasuring(测量仪);cardiometer心力计;thermometer温度计
心电图:
electrocardiogram=ECG;(electrocardiograph心电图仪)脑电图:
electroencephalogram=EEG
B超:
typeBultrasonicCT:
computerizedtomography计算机x射线断层尿检:
urineanalysis血常规:
bloodroutine
(3)其他词缀
怕,畏惧–phobia:
fear;photophobia畏光,phot/o:
light
困难dys-:
bad,difficulty
dysfunction功能障碍;dyspepsia消化不良
dyspnea呼吸困难,-pnea:
breathing
不良mal-:
bad
malnutrition营养不良;malpractice事故
malfunction机能障;malignant恶性的;maladministration管理不善
好,正,eu-:
good;eugenic优生的adj.
eugenics优生学;gen/o:
producing(生产)
euthanasia安乐死;-thanasia:
death(死)
瘤,肿块–oma:
tumor;cancer;swelling
lymphoma淋巴瘤;hematoma血肿
血症–emia:
bloodcondition
leukemia白血病;septicemia败血症
高:
hyper-:
high,above;
hyperdynamia:
肌力过度;(dynam/o:
power,force:
dynamicadj.)
hypertension高血压(highbloodpressure)
低:
hypo-;low;below
hypotonia张力/压力过低
hypotension(lowbloodpressure)低血压
hyposensitiveadj.弱敏的
疗法:
-therapy
radiotherapy放疗;radiotherapist(放疗专家)
chemotherapy化疗
physiotherapy理疗
psychotherapy心理疗法
therapist治疗师
无,没有a-an-:
without
atypical非典型性的
asexual无性的
asymptomatic无症状的
anemia贫血
anorexia厌食症orex/o:
appetite
anesthesia麻醉(感觉缺失:
esthesi/o:
feeling,perception)
elasticityn.弹性,弹力
feebleadj.虚弱的,衰弱的,无力的
sagvi.松弛
sensoryadj.感官的,感觉的,知觉的
squeezev.挤;榨;捏
staminan.精力;耐力,韧劲
tautadj.紧的,绷紧的
Transitoryadj.短暂的,转瞬即逝的
wreakvt.施行(暴力);发(脾气);报仇
wrinkledadj.有皱纹的
前缀意思例子定义的例子
olig/ofew,scantyoligomenorrheaascantymenstrualflow(men/o)经量异常
pan-allpanacearemedythatcuresallills;acure-all治百病的药
super-*above,excesssupernumeraryinexcessnumber超过数量
equi-equal,sameequilateralhavingequalsides等边的,等面的
hetero-other,different,heterosexualpertainingtotheoppositesex异性恋的;
homo-,same,maintainingaconstantbodytemperature
homeo-unchanginghomothermic保持一个恒定的体温;warmblooded恒温的
iso-equal,sameisograftgraftbetweentwogeneticallyidentical
individuals同基因移植物
macro-large,macrocyteextremelylargeredbloodcell大红细胞
abnormallylarge
mega-,*large;
megaloabnormallylargemegabladderenlargementofthebladder膀胱扩张
micro-smallmicroscopicextremelysmall;visibleonly
throughamicroscope显微镜的
neo-newneonateanewborninfant新生儿[哺乳物]
normonormalnormovolemianormalbloodvolume血量正常
orthostraight,correct,orthoticCorrectingorprevcntingdeformities矫正的
upright
poikilo-varied(杂色的);poikiloderma皮肤异色病
irregular
pseudo-falsepseudoplegiafalseparalysis(suffix-plegia)假麻
痹,假瘫
re-again;backregurgitationbackwardorreturnflow,asofblood
orstomachcontents回流;反刍
dextr/orightdextrocardialocationoftheheart(cardi/o)inth
右位心erightsideofthechest
sinistr/oleftsinistradtowardtheleft向左
ecto-out;outsideectodermoutermostlayerofthedeveloping
ec-,embryo外胚层
ex/oawayfrom;outsideexcisetocutout切除,删去
end/o-in;withinendoscopedeviceforviewingtheinsideofacavityor
organ内窥镜
mes/omiddlemesencephalonmidbrain中脑
syn-,togethersynapseajunctionbetweentwonervecells(神
sym-经元的)突触
tel/e-,endtelangionaterminalvessel(rootangi/o)
tel/o-终动脉
与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀
•病patho-
•Pathogen(病原体)/pathology(病理学)/pathogenesis?
(发病机理/发病原)
疗法-pathy,-pathic
•neuropathy神经病变/nephropathy(肾病)/adrenopathy?
(肾上腺病)
病态–osis,-otic
•neurosis(神经症;神经衰弱症)/tuberculosis(肺结核)/schistosomiasis?
(血吸虫病)
增多leukocytosis/granulocytosis?
(粒细胞增多)
减少–penia,-penic
•leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia(红细胞减少)/granulocytopenia?
(粒细胞减少)
•小/微-let
•droplet(小滴)/platelet(血小板)/leaflet(小叶)?
复合/多poly-
•polyuria(多尿症)/polymer聚合物/polyopia?
视物显多症
全/泛pan-
•pancolectomy全结肠切除术?
/panmyelosis全骨髓增生/pandemic全国流行的(疾病)?
•相反dis-
•disease(疾病,不健康)/disorder(失调)/disability(不健全,残疾)?
困难/障碍dys-
dysfunction(功能紊乱)与方位有关的前缀
上upper/superior:
epi-/supra-
•epidemic(流行病)/epithelium(上皮细胞)/supracostal?
(肋上的;肋外的)
下lower/inferior:
infra-/sub-
•infracostal肋骨下的/subclavicular(锁骨下的)/subcutaneous?
(皮下的)
前front/anterior/prior:
fore-/ante-/pre-
•Forehead前额/anteroposterior前后的/precirrhosis(前期肝硬变)?
后back/posterior:
post-/retro-
•Posthepatic肝后的/postprandial餐后的/retrocardiac?
心脏后的
内inner/internal:
in-/endo-/ento-
•Inhalation吸入/endoscopy内窥镜检查/entocranial【解剖学】颅内的
外outer/external:
ex-/exo-
extract取出/excretion(排泄,分泌物)
间between:
inter-
Intermuscular(肌间的)/intercostal?
(肋间部分)
旁/副onthesideof:
para-
Parathyroid(甲状旁腺的)/paraprotein(病变蛋白,副蛋白)/pararenal?
肾旁的
周,围around:
peri-
•Perioperative(围手术期的)/pericarditis心包炎/peritoneum腹膜?
中心central:
centri-/centra-/centro-
centrifugation离心分离/centralize集中地/centronucleus?
中心核?
反/对opposite:
counter-/contra-
Counterpart(副本)/countershock对抗休克/contraindication?
禁忌症
注:
invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内;insitu/in’saitju:
/原位?
4.与外科手术有关
•切除:
-ectomy
Appendectomy阑尾切除术/gastrectomy胃切除术/splenectomy脾切除术?
切开:
-tomy
Tracheotomy气管切开术/hysterotomy子宫切开术/craniotomy?
穿颅术;颅骨切开术
切(割):
-tome
•tracheotome气管切开刀/thoracotome?
开胸刀
吻合–stomy
•gastroesophagostomy?
胃食管吻合术
成形术-plasty
•Tracheoplasty气管成形术/osteoplasty[外科]骨成形术/myoplasty(肌成形术)?
造影:
-graphy
•Angiography血管造影/nephrography肾实质造影/phlebography?
(静脉造影术)
经…:
trans-
•Transabdominal经腹的/translateral经两侧的/transurethral?
(经尿道的)
•注:
?
-graphy为方法,如:
electrocardigraphy?
心电图检查术;graph为仪器,如:
electrocardigraph心电图机;gram为图象,文字,如:
electrocardiogram心电图记录
医学英语中的常用词缀
-phasia某种语言的变态
speech演讲
heterophasia异语症
uttering故意提供或传递伪造文件罪
wordsthataredifferentfromthoseintended异语症,错语症
-lalia含糊不清的讲话
speech,babblecoprolalia秽语症
compulsiveuseofobscenewords(copromeans“feces”)秽语症
-lexia苛性液葡萄干
readingdyslexia读写困难difficultyinreading读写困难
-plegia麻痹,瘫痪
paralysistetraplegia四肢麻痹,四肢瘫痪
paralysisofallfourlimbs四肢麻痹,四肢瘫痪
-paresis轻度瘫痪,麻痹性痴呆
partialparalysis部分麻痹
hemiparesis轻偏瘫,偏身轻瘫
partialparalysisofonesideofthebody轻偏瘫,偏身轻瘫
-lepsy病的发作病的侵袭
seizure疾病的突然发作
narcolepsy发作性睡(眠)病;嗜睡症
conditionmarkedbysuddenepisodesofsleep发作性睡(眠)病;嗜睡症
-phobia恐惧憎恶
persistent,irrationalfear非理性恐惧
agoraphobia广场恐怖症
fearofbeinginapublicplace(fromGreekagora,meaning“marketplace”)
恐旷症;公共场所恐惧症
-mania……癖,……狂
excitedstate,obsessionmegalomaniaexaggeratedself-importance自大;“delusionsofgrandeur”地位或权势的幻想,精神病态的幻想自大狂;夸大狂
与“作用”有关的前(后)缀
杀-cide/-cidal
Insecticide杀虫剂/pesticide杀虫剂/bactericidal杀菌的?
抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis细菌抑制/virostatic抑制病毒的/tuberculostatic抑制结核菌生长的?
驱逐-fuge
febrifuge退热药/centrifuge?
?
离心机
抗-anti
antibiotic抗生的,抗菌的/antimycotic抗真菌的/antimutagen?
抗突变剂
去/脱/除de-
detergent清洁剂,去垢剂/?
desensitization脱敏
回/再/复re-reabsorb再吸收,重吸收/reactivation再活化再生/recombinant?
重组重组体
冷冻cryo-cryobiology低温生物学/cryopreservation低温贮藏/cryoprotectant?
?
冷冻保护剂
否/去/分离dis-disinfection杀菌消毒/dissociate游离/dissection?
解剖解开
向后/退行retro-
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