华南农业大学精品复习资料cet4model 2定稿.docx
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华南农业大学精品复习资料cet4model 2定稿.docx
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华南农业大学精品复习资料cet4model2定稿
CET4MODELTEST2
学号姓名年级专业
题号
一
二
三
四
五
六
总分
得分
评阅人
注意事项:
一、将自己的班级、姓名、学号写在答题卡和答题纸上。
考试结束后,把试题册、答题卡和答题纸放在桌上。
教师收卷后才可离开考场。
试题册、答题纸和作文纸均不得带走。
二、仔细读懂题目的说明。
三、在125分钟内答完全部试题,不得拖延时间。
四、多项选择题的答案一定要写在答题纸上。
作文写在作文纸上。
凡是写在试题册上的答案一律作废。
五、多项选择题只能选一个答案,多选作废。
选定答案后,用HB浓度以上的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。
正确方法请参照答题卡,使用其他符号答题者不给分。
划线要有一定粗度,浓度要盖过红色。
六、如果要改动答案,必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案,然后再按上面的规定重新答题。
PartIWriting(30minutes)15%
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteALetterofSelf-recommendation。
Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:
1)阐明你欲深造的专业;
2)阐述你的学业背景和专业兴趣培养;
3)表明在此深造的目的和理由。
注意:
此部分试题请在答题纸上作答。
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)10%
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
HumansWereBorntoRun,FossilStudySuggests
FossilStudy
Humansstartedtojogaroundtwomillionyearsago,accordingtofossilevidenceofsomedistinctivefeaturesofthemodernhumanbody.
Anewstudysuggeststhathumansmayhavelefttheirtree-swingingancestorsbehindbecausetheydevelopedintoendurancerunners.Thisability,theresearcherssay,mayexplainwhyhumanslookthewaytheydotoday.
"Weareveryconfidentthatstrongselectionforrunning-whichcameattheexpenseofthehistoricalabilitytoliveintrees-wasinstrumentalintheoriginofthemodernhumanbodyform,"saidDennisBramble,abiologyprofessorattheUniversityofUtah.
Theresearchersidentifiedarangeofphysicaltraitsthatsuggesthumanancestorsevolvedasdistancerunners.Theadaptationhelpedthemchasedownpreyandcompetemoreeffectivelywiththespeediercarnivores(食肉动物)ontheopenplainsofAfrica,thestudysays.
"Wethinkrunningisoneofthemosttransformingeventsinhumanhistory,"Brambleadded."Wearearguingtheemergenceofhumansistiedtotheevolutionofrunning."
Theconventionaltheoryisthatourdistinctivebodyformderivesfromanimprovedwalkingabilityinearlyhominids(原始人类),andthatrunningwassimplyabyproductofthisearlieradaptation.Also,humansareconsideredunaccomplishedrunnerswhencomparedtomammalssuchaspronghornantelopes(叉角羚),whichcansprintat40milesanhour(60kilometersanhour)forseveralminutes.
ButBramblesayshumanrunningabilityisoftenunderestimated."What'simportantiscombiningreasonablespeedwithexceptionalendurance",hesaid.
Thestudynotesthatathletichumanscanoutrunhorsesandantelopesoverextremelylongdistances.InpartsofAfricathistechniqueisstillusedtodaybyhunterstoexhausttheirprey.
BrambleaddsthatwalkingcannotexplainthechangesinbodyformthatdistinguishhumansfromAustralopithecus(南方古猿).
FossilEvidence
Thestudydetailsvariousadaptationsfoundinearlyhumans-includingfossilsofHomoerectusandHomohabilis(200万年前的智人,由南方古猿进化而成)-whicharerequiredonlyforrunning.
Theseadaptationincludelong,spring-liketendons(腱),suchastheAchilles(希腊神阿基里斯)tendon,whichstoreenergyandreducethemetabolic(新陈代谢的)costsofrunningbyhalf.FossilrecordssuggesttheAchillestendonwasabsentinAustralopithecus.
Likewise,thelongitudinal(纵向的)archoffoot-anotherwell-developedsetofspringsimportanttorunning-appearstohaveevolvedwithHomohabilis.
Longlegsarealsovitalforendurancerunning,becausespeedisgainedbyincreasingthelength,notrate,ofstrides.Theresearcherssaylonglegs,relativetobodymass,firstappearedsome1.8millionyearsago.
Andbecauserunningexposesthebodytomuchhigherstressesthanwalking,thestudysuggestshumansevolvedrelativelylargejointsurfacesinthelowersbodytoactasshockabsorbers.
Brambleevenpointstohumanfacialfeaturesasevidencethatourappearancewasshapedbyselectionforrunning.Comparedtoourapish(像猿的)ancestors,whocouldrunonlyshortdistances,wehaveamorebalancedhead,flatterface,andsmallerteethandnose."Thisshiftsthecenterofmassback,soit'seasiertobalanceyourheadwhenyouarebobbingupanddown",Brambleexplained.
Similarly,broadershoulders,anarrowwaist,andshorterforearms-allcharacteristicofhumansamongprimates-helptheupperbodytocounterbalancethelowerbodywhilerunning.
Evenourlargebuttocks(臀部)-conspicuousbytheirabsenceinourclosedlivingrelatives-areconsideredcriticaltostabilizationwhilerunning."Haveyoueverlookedatanape?
"Brambleasked."Theyhavenobuns(臀部)!
"
Ifnaturalselectionhadnotfavoredrunning,Bramblesaidwewouldstilllookalotlikeapes.
WhyRun?
Sowhydidearlyhumansrunwhentheycouldwalk?
Becausetheysoughtproteinprovidedbymeat,marrow(骨髓),andbrain,saidstudyco-authorDanielLieberman,anthropology(人类学)professoratHarvardUniversity.
Hesaid:
"Whatthesefeaturesandfossilfactsappeartobetellingusisthatrunningevolvedinorderforourdirectancestorstocompetewithothercarnivores(食肉动物)foraccesstotheproteinneededtogrowthebigbrainsthatweenjoytoday."
Somescientistshavesuggestedthatendurancerunningwasusedforpursuinganimalsbeforespears,arrows,nets,andotherhuntingtoolswereinvented.Lateritmayhaveemployedbyhunterstoexhausttheirprey,allowingthemtogetcloseenoughtouseprojectiles(射弹).
ThisstrategyisstillusedbytheSanBushmenofsouthernAfricatohuntherdanimalslikethekudu(一种非洲大羚羊)antelope.
However,Liebermanadds,"Thereisverylittleobservationalstudyofthisbehavior,largelybecauseresearcherscannotkeepupwiththehunters!
"
Anotherpossibilityisthathumansusedtheirswiftfeettoreachdeadmammalsbeforeotherscavengers(食腐动物).Liebermansaidtheywouldhavefollowedcluessuchasvultures(秃鹰)circlinginthedistance.
Headded,"Weknowfromtheearliersitesthatearlyhominidssmashedopenlimbbonesofanimalskilledbypredatorsandextractedmarrow."
ChrisStringeristheheadofhumanoriginsinthedepartmentofpaleontology(古生物学)attheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon.Hethinksthenewstudyprovidesanimportantnewlookathumananatomy(解剖学).
"Ifind(BrambleandLieberman)reexaminationandsometimesreinterpretationoffeaturesinfossilandrecenthumanstobegenerallyplausible,althoughitwillrequiremuchmorecompleteevidencefortheevolutionoftheskeletonsofearlyhumansbelowthenecktotesttheirideasproperly",Stringersaid.
Headded:
"Frommyownresearchfocus,itwillbeinterestingtoseehowtheNeanderthals(穴居人)fitintothisscenario,giventheirdistinctiveanatomy,bodyshape,andthetemperature-coolenvironmentsinwhichtheygenerallylived.Couldtheyhavebeenmoresuitedtoclose-rangeambushhuntingasastrategy,comparedwiththeirancestorsandwithmodernhumans?
"
Todayrunningisregardedasaformofexercise.Butperhapsajogintheparkgoesmuchdeeperthanthat:
Itcouldbeaffirmationoftheveryreasonthatwearehuman.
1.Anewstudyindicatesthathumansmayhavesurpassedtheirtree-swingingancestorsinthat_____.
A)theycouldrunB)theycouldhunt
C)theycouldspeakD)theycoulddance
2.Withthedevelopmentofrunning,humanbeingsnolongerhavetheabilityto_____.
A)liveintreesB)liveincaves
C)liveinwoodsD)liveincottages
3.Whathasconventionallybeenbelievedasthemosttransformingeventinhumanhistory?
A)Running.B)Hunting.C)Walking.D)Climbing.
4.WhatdoesProfessorBramblethinkisimportantinhumanrunningability?
A)Timelengthandreasonablespeed.
B)Runningskillsandreasonablespeed.
C)Reasonablespeedandexceptionalendurance.
D)ExceptionalenduranceandLong-distancerunning.
5.Accordingtothepassage,someAfricanshuntanimalstodayby_____.
A)bowsandarrowsB)spearsmadeofstone
C)diggingtrapsinthegroundD)runningtoexhausttheirprey
6.Whichorgansarevitalforendurancerunningthatappearedsome1.8millionyearsago?
A)Longtendons.B)Longlegs.
C)Longarms.D)Logitudinalfeet.
7.Whydidhumanevolvelargejointsurfacesinthelowersbody?
A)Toabsorbshocks.B)Toreducestresses.
C)Torunfaster.D)Tokeepbalance.
8.comparedwithourancestors,ourfacialfeaturesaredifferentfromtheirsinsuchaspectsas__________.
9.Ourancestorschosetorunwhentheycouldwalkbecausetheyneededsearchfor_________.
10.Astorunningwasawayofpreyingtheanimals,thereisverylittleobservationalstudybecauseoftheresearchers’slower____________.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)35%
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkedthecorrespondingletteronAnswerCardwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
11.[A]Themanisoutofshape.
[B]Themandoesn’tneedanewracket.
[C]Themanalsoneedsnewtennisshoes.
[D]Themanspenttoomuchonhistennisshoes.
12.[A]Shepreferschemistry.
[B]Shehasn’tgotapartneryet.
[C]Sheistootiredofchemistry.
[D]Sheistoobusytoworkonherchemistry.
13.[A]Customerandwaitress.
[B]Teacherandstudent.
[C]Bossandsecretary.
[D]Lawyerandclient.
14.[A]Hewassatisfiedwiththese
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