英语新同步外研选修六讲义Module 1 Section Ⅰ IntroductionReadingPrereading.docx
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英语新同步外研选修六讲义Module 1 Section Ⅰ IntroductionReadingPrereading.docx
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英语新同步外研选修六讲义Module1SectionⅠIntroductionReadingPrereading
2019年4月
Somepeopleseemtobegoodconversationalistsandcanchatupanyonewithinlisteningdistancewhileothersliveinfearoftalkingtosomeonetheydon'tknow.Learningtostartaconversationneedstoknowafewbasicrulesandtakealittlebitofpractice.
Youneedtounderstandthatyouarenotalone.Manypeoplesufferfromshynessaroundstrangersorpeopletheybarelyknow.Actually,youdon'thavetobeextremelyclevertostartaconversation.Simplystartingoutbyjustgreetingtheotherpersonandintroducingyourselfisagoodwaytoshowfriendlinessandthewillingnesstobreaktheice.Morepeoplewillrespondbettertoapersonwithgoodmannersthantosomeonewhotriestoohardtoimpress.
Thereisnothingwrongwithbeingpreparedbeforewalkingintoasocialsituationwhereyou'llneedtomakeconversation.Doingalittlebitofhomeworkcanmakeabigdifferencewhenyouhavenoconfidencetoapproachsomeoneyoudon'tknoworfindyourselfstandinginthecornerafraidyou'llmakeafoolofyourselfifyouopenyourmouth.
Youshouldfirsttrytofindoutwhowillbepresentandlearnatleastonethingabouteachperson.Havingafewcomfortableopeninglinescanpreventbecomingtonguetied.Someexamplesare,“Howlonghaveyouworkedforthecompany?
”“Howlonghaveyouknownthehost?
”and“Haveyouhadachancetoenjoyallthisniceweatherwe'vebeenhaving?
”Practisingshakinghandswithyourfamily,orbestfriendisalsohelpful.
Smilewarmlytoshowhowfriendlyyouare.Awarmsmileisoneofthebesticebreakersyoucanpossiblyoffer.Beingfriendlyismuchmoreimpressivethanstartingaconversationtoshowoffyourwisdom.Openingwithafewkindwordscanbemuchsaferthantryingtomaketheotherpersonlaughbecausehumorissosubjective(主观的).
Section_Ⅰ
Introduction_&_Reading_—_Prereading
HowGoodAreYourSocialSkills?
Haveyouevercrossedtheroadtoavoidtalking①tosomeoneyourecognise?
Wouldyoulovetogotoapartyandtalkconfidently②toeveryguest?
Doyouwanttomakemorefriends③butlack④theconfidencetotalktopeopleyoudon'tknow⑤?
Andareyounervousabout⑥theideaofbeingatasocialeventinanothercountry?
Don'tworry—wecanhelpyou!
Youneedn't⑦worryaboutsituations⑧liketheseifyouhavegoodsocialskills.Andtheyareeasytolearn⑨.Peoplewithgoodsocialskillscommunicatewellandknowhowtohaveaconversation⑩.Ithelpsifyoudoalittleadvanceplanning⑪.
Hereareafewideastohelpyou.
①avoiddoingsth.避免做某事
avoid后接动名词作宾语,不可接动词不定式。
②confidently/'kɒnfIdntli/adv.自信地
③makefriends交朋友,建立友谊
makefriendswith与……交朋友
④lack/læk/v.缺乏,缺少
⑤youdon'tknow为省略了关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词people。
⑥(be)nervousabout对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯
⑦needn't没有必要,不必
⑧situationn.情景,情形
⑨beeasytolearn易于学习
⑩haveaconversation交谈
⑪advance/əd'vɑːns/adj.预先的,在前的
doplanning做计划,做准备
你的社交技能有多高?
[第1~3段译文]
你是否做过这样的事情:
看见认识的人以后,故意过马路以避免与其说话?
你是否愿意参加聚会并自信地和每位来宾交谈?
你是否想结交更多的朋友但又缺乏与陌生人交谈的信心?
你是否一想到要在别的国家参加社交活动就觉得忐忑不安?
别担心——我们能帮助你!
如果你具备了良好的社交技能,你就不用担心这样的情景。
而且这些技能是容易学习的。
具备良好社交技能的人能很好地和别人交流并且知道怎样交谈。
要是预先做些准备,将会对你有所帮助。
下面为帮助你出些主意。
Learnhowtodosmalltalk
Smalltalkisveryimportantandpreparesyouformoreseriousconversations⑫.Beprepared!
Havesomelowrisk⑬conversationopenersready.Forexample:
·thinkof⑭arecentnewsstory—nottooserious,e.g.astoryaboutafilmstarorsportsstar
·thinkofthingstotellpeopleaboutyourstudies
·thinkof“safe”thingsyoucanaskpeople'sopinionsabout⑮—music,sport,films,etc.
·thinkoftopicsthatyouwouldavoidifyouweretalkingtostrangers⑯—andavoidtalkingaboutthem!
Thatway⑰,youdon'tdamageyourconfidence!
⑫preparesb.forsth.使某人对某事有所准备
⑬lowriskadj.低风险的,不太会出错的
⑭thinkof想起,回忆起
⑮youcanaskpeople'sopinionsabout为定语从句,修饰things。
引导词that或which在从句中作about的宾语,在此被省略。
⑯thatyouwouldavoid...为定语从句,修饰先行词topics;if从句中be动词用了were,这是虚拟语气的用法。
⑰thatway作方式状语,其前面省略了介词in。
[第4段译文]
学会怎样聊天
聊天是很重要的,并能帮助你为一些更严肃的谈话做准备。
有备无患!
准备一些不太会出错的开场白。
例如:
·想出一个最近的新闻故事——不要太严肃,譬如,一个有关电影明星或体育明星的故事,·想出一些有关你学习的事情告诉别人
·想出一些“不会出错”的事情询问别人的意见——音乐、体育、电影等
·想出一些和陌生人谈话时要回避的话题——并且要避免谈论这些话题!
那样,你的自信心就不会被伤害了!
Develop⑱yourlisteningskills
Listeningisaskillwhichmostpeoplelack⑲,butcommunicationisatwoway⑳process—itinvolvesspeakingANDlistening.Alwaysremember—youwon'timpresspeopleifyoutalktoomuch.Herearesomeideastomakeyouabetterlistener:
Do...
·showthatyouarelisteningbyusingencouragingnoisesandgestures—smiling,nodding,saying“uhhuh”and“OK”,etc.
·keepgoodeyecontact
·usepositivebodylanguage
·askformoreinformationtoshowyourinterest
Don't...
·lookatyourwatch
·yawn
·sigh
·lookawayfromthepersonwho'stalkingtoyou
·changethesubject
·finishotherpeople'ssentencesforthem
AlwaysrememberthewordsofBenjaminDisraeli,BritishPrimeMinisterinthe19thcentury:
“Talktoamanabouthimself,andhewillspeaktoyouforhours!
”
⑱developvt.提高,使……发展;培养;培育;开采;冲洗
⑲which引导定语从句,修饰askill。
⑳twowayadj.双向的 processn.过程
involvev.涉及,牵连,常用involvedoingsth.表示“涉及做某事”。
beinvolvedin卷入……中,涉及
beinvolvedwith和……有联系
impressv.给……留下印象
impresssth.onsb.使某人了解某事
impresssb.withsth.某事给某人留下印象
encouragingadj.令人鼓舞的,激励的
encouragementn.鼓舞,鼓励,支持
encouragesb.todosth.鼓励/激励某人做某事
nod/nɒd/v.点头
contactn.&v.联系,接触
keepincontactwith与……保持联系
bodylanguage身体语言,肢体语言
askfor要求,询问 asksb.forsth.向某人要某物
yawn/jɔːn/v.打呵欠 sigh/saI/v.叹气,叹息
lookawayfrom把目光从……移开
subjectn.话题;主题
subject还可意为“学科,科目,课程;主语”。
PrimeMinister首相
[第5~8段译文]
提高倾听的技能
倾听是大多数人所缺乏的技巧,而交流是双向的过程——它包括说和听两个方面。
永远记住——话太多并不会给人留下怎样的印象。
下面是一些使你成为更好的倾听者的建议:
做下面的事情……
·用一些鼓励的声音和姿势表示你正在倾听——微笑、点头、说“嗯”或“对啊”之类的话等等
·保持得体的目光接触
·使用积极肯定的肢体语言
·询问更多的信息表示你的兴趣
不要做下面的事情……
·看自己的手表
·打呵欠
·叹气
·把目光从正跟你说话的人身上移开
·改变话题
·替别人把话说完
要牢记19世纪英国首相本杰明·迪斯累里的话:
“和一个人谈论他自己,他就会和你说上几个小时!
”
Learntherules
Ifyougotoasocialoccasioninanothercountry,rememberthatsocialrulescanbedifferent.Insomecountries,forexample,youhavetoarriveontimeataparty;inothercountries,youdon'tneedto.Inaddition,youneedtoknowhowlongyoushouldstay,andwhenyouhavetoleave.Somehostsexpectflowersorasmallgift,butinotherplaces,youcantakethings,butyouneedn'tifyoudon'twantto.Rememberalsothatinsomecountries,youmustn'ttakeflowersofacertaincolour,becausethey'reunlucky.Inmostplaces,youdon'thavetotakeagifttoaparty—butfindoutfirst!
socialrules社交规则
forexample表示举例说明,可以位于句首、句中或句末。
youdon'tneedto后省略了arriveontime,动词不定式符号to不可省略。
inaddition除此之外,另外;若带宾语,须先接介词to。
ifyoudon'twantto后省略了takethings。
acertain+单数名词,表示“某一种(个)……”。
findout了解(到);找出(信息)
[第9段译文]
学习规则
如果你在另一个国家去参加一个社交场合,要记住会有不同的社交规则。
例如,在一些国家,你得准时参加聚会;而在另一些国家就不需要。
另外,你需要知道该待多久,以及在何时必须离开。
有的主人希望能得到鲜花或小礼品,而在另一些地方你可以给主人送东西,但如果你不想送就没有必要送。
还有,要记住在有的国家你绝不能带某种颜色的鲜花,因为那是不吉利的。
在大多数地方,参加聚会不必带礼物——但你得事先弄清楚!
Prereading
Pleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.
1.lack A.totakeandthenletoutalongdeepbreathtoshowdisappointmentorsadness
2.advanceB.tomoveyourheadupanddown,especiallyinordertoshowagreementorunderstanding
3.nodC.doneorgivenbeforesth.isgoingtohappen
4.yawnD.achancetodosth.
5.sighE.toopenyourmouthwideandbreatheindeeplybecauseyouaretiredorbored
6.opportunityF.tohavenoneornotenoughofsth.
1~6 ____________
答案:
1~6 FCBEAD
Leadin
1.Whichtopicdoyoubecomeinterestedin,smalltalkorserioustalk?
Small_talk.
2.Trytoclassifythefollowingintotwokinds.
careers,cars,examinations,filmstars,music,politics,sports,travels,weather,food
①Smalltalk:
cars,_film_stars,_music,_sports,_travels,_weather,_food
②Serioustalk:
careers,_examinations,_politics
Whilereading
Fastreading
1.Skimthepassageandchoosethepurposeofit.
A.Totellushowtodosmalltalk.
B.Toshowhowtoimproveourlisteningskills.
C.Tohelpusdealwithsocialevents.
D.Totellussomethinginterestingaboutsocialrules.
答案:
C
2.Readthepassagefastandmatchthepartswiththemainideasofthem.
Part1(Paras.1~3) A.Developyourlisteningskills
Part2(Para.4)B.Theintroductionofthemainideaofthepassage
Part3(Paras.5~8)C.Learnhowtodosmalltalk
Part4(Para.9)D.Learntherules
Part1→;Part2→;Part3→;Part4→
Carefulreading
(Ⅰ)True(T)orFalse(F).
1.Itiscommontousesmalltalkwhenyouarewaitinginalonglineup.__T__
2.Religionisa“safe”topicwhenwemakesmalltalk.__F__
3.Itisrudeforbothchildrenandadultsnottomakesmalltalkwithstrangers.__F__
4.Politicsisacontroversial(有争议的)subjectinsociety.__T__
5.Itisrudetointerruptaconversationinordertomakeasmalltalk.__T__
(Ⅱ)Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothepassage.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whichskilldomostpeoplelackduringcommunication?
A.Listening. B.Speaking.
C.Bodylanguage.D.Eyecontact.
2.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatBenjaminDisraelisaid?
A.Whentalkingwitheachother,nevertalkaboutotherpeople.
B.Whentalkingwitheachother,talkmoreaboutotherpeople.
C.Talkingmoreabouttheonewhoistalkingtoyouhelpsmakeagoodconversation.
D.Talkingmoreaboutyourselfwillimpressothersintheconversation.
3.Whichofthefollowingcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.Socialskillsareofgreathelpforinterpersonalrelationships.
B.Communicationinvolvesonlyspeaking.
C.Forsmalltalk,you'dbetterhavesomelowriskconversationopenersready.
D.We'dbettertalkasmuchaspossibleatsocialevents.
4.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanbedrawnfromthepassage?
A.Itisimportantforyoutorememberdifferentsocialrulesifyougotoasocialoccasionin
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