名词从句.docx
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名词从句.docx
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名词从句
名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
因为它是从句,因此具有句子的结构特点(即有一套主谓成份);同时又具有名词性特点,所以可以在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
名词性从句由关联词引导:
1.从属连词:
that,whether,if在从句中不作任何成分。
2.连接代词:
what,who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whomever,whatever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
3.连接副词:
when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however等在从句中作状语。
一、主语从句
(一)that引导主语从句,that不能省略。
1.________________________________(那个著名的影星下周来武汉)hasexcitedeveryoneofus.
______________________________________(一个新老师要来教我们)istrue.
2.常用it作形式主语。
(1)Itis\was+adj.+that从句,常用词有possible,probable,likely,certain,clear,obvious,true,
necessary,important,strange,natural…
Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.
Itisimportantthatweshouldmakeastudyplan.
(2)Itis\was+n.+that从句,常用词有apity,ashame,goodnews,afact,anhonor,awonder…
Itisapitythatyoudidnotattendthelectureyesterday.
(3)Itis\was+done+that从句,常用动词有said,told,reported,thought,believed,known,suggested..
Itissaidthattheprofessorhasalreadysucceededincarryingoutthisexperiment.
Itissuggestedthattheyshouldrebuildthehouse.
(4)It+seems,appears,happens,matters+that从句
Itseemstomethatyouobjecttotheplan.
IthappenedthatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.
(5)that从句的问句、感叹句。
Wasitdecidedthattheyshouldstarttheprojectthenextmonth?
Isitprobablethathewillcometoday?
Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!
(二)whether\if引导主语从句,在句首只用whether.
Whethertheworkcanbecompletedontimeisdoubtful.
Itisdoubtfulwhether\iftheworkcanbecompleted.
Whethertheplanispracticalremainstobeproved.
Whethershewillgohomeornotisunknown.
Itdependsontheclimatewhethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.
(三)wh-类连接词引导主语从句
Whenwe'llstartisnotclear.Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.
WhateverIhavedoneisonlyforyou.Whoevercomestothepartywillreceiveapresent.
WhyhewenttoLondonisamystery.Wherewe'llspendourholidayhasn'tbeendecided.
Whichever(answer)isrightisn'tknowntous.Whowilltakechargeofthetaskhasnotbeendecided.
Whathewantedwasaspidermanmodel.Howabookwillspelldependsmuchonthereviewer.
Whicheveryouwantisyours.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhowillbeinchargeoftheproject.
WhateverIhaveishers.Ithasnotbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadisopentotraffic.
Whathesaidwasperfectlytrue.=Thethingthathesaidwasperfectlytrue.
Whoeverleavestheofficeshouldtellme.=Anyonewholeaverstheofficeshouldtellme.
(四)从句作主语,常看作单数,如果有复数意义,谓语也用复数。
Howtheprisonerescapedisacompletemystery.
Whereweshallgoandwhenweshallstartarenotdecidedyet.
WhatImissbadlyarethosehappyhoursIspenttogetherwiththem.
二、宾语从句是从句作动词、介词、形容词的宾语。
一些表示情感的形容词后可带宾语从句:
sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry,doubtful…
Sheexplainedthatshewaslatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.
HeaskedmehowIwasgettingalongwithmystudies.
Iwonderwhathashappenedtoher.
Weshouldkeepinmindthatsportscanhelpusdevelopbothourbodiesandcharacters.
Ididn’tknowif\whethertheylikedtheplace.
Hewasfreetomarrywhomeverhechose.
Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheiscareless.
Iwasinterestedinwhathewasdoing.
Weweretoldthatthingsweregettingworse.
IamafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.
Hewassurethathehadlockedthedoor.
IamsurprisedthatIdidn’tseeallthatbefore.
WeknownothingexceptthatJoeisfromAmerica.
Hedifferedfromotherpeopleinthathealwayslookedfurtheraheadinhiswork.
IcouldsaynothingbutthatIwassorry.
MyteacherwassatisfiedwithwhatIdid.
Whatweshouldtakewithusdependonwherewe'llsay.
Idon'tcarewhetherheistheheadmasterornot.
Iinsistthatyoushouldlearnasecondlanguage.=Iinsistonyourlearningasecondlanguage.
(一)make,think,find,consider,believe,feel等动词后常带复合宾语,要用it形式宾语。
例如:
HemadeitclearthathepreferredtostudyEnglish.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.
IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.
(二)动词的宾语从句可由if\whether引导,但介词宾语和形容词宾语只能用whether。
Iamnotinterestedinwhethertheybelievemeornot.
Sheisdoubtfulwhethertheywillbeabletocome.
Italldependsuponwhetherwecangettheircooperation.
(三)宾语从句的时态:
主句是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态不受限制,主句是过去时态,宾语从句用相应的过去时态。
从句表达的是客观真理或事实时,仍然用现在时。
HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestory.
HesaidthathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.
Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestostopthepollution.
IwillletyouknowwhetherI’llcomeornotdirectlyIcheckmyschedule.
Ourteachertoldusthattheearthtravelsroundthesun.
(四)宾语从句的否定转移。
主句是Ithink,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,guess…时,从句的否定转移到主句,其反意疑问句的主语与宾语从句的主语保持一致。
如果doyouthink,believe,suppose,expect,imagine…后接特殊疑问句,疑问词要放在句首。
Idon’tthinktheywillstickouttothelastminute.
Idon’tsupposethatishisfault,isit?
Whatdoyouthinkisgoingonoutside?
Whodoyouexpectwillhelpyou?
(五)连接词that的省略。
That引导主语、表语、同位语从句、介词或形容词的宾语从句时不能省,引导动词宾语从句时通常可以省,但在下列情况下不可省。
1.宾语从句被分隔。
Wedon’tdoubt,inanycase,thathekeepshiswords.
“Iamsorrytotellyou,”themansaid,“thatyoumissedthelasttrain”
2.有it形式宾语。
Weallconsideritimportantthatchildrenshouldtakeplentyofmilkastheygrow.
3.固定词组和介词的宾语从句。
Iknownothingaboutmynewneighbourexceptthatheusedtoworkinacompany.
OnceAristotlehadmadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsfellfasterthanlightobjects.
4.有不止一个宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,第二个不能省。
EveryonecouldseewhatwashappeningandthatpoorMarywasnearlyfrightened.
TheteachertoldusthatFrenchwasthemostbeautifultongueintheworld,andthatwemustkeep
itamongusandneverforgetit.
三、表语从句
1.if不引导表语从句2.可带表语从句的系动词:
be,seem,appear,look,sound,feel,remain…
Thereasonforyourmistakeisthatyoulackconfidenceinyourself.
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn’tcatchtheearlybus.
Whatcosthimhislifewasthathewastoocareless.
Thefactremainsthatwearefarbehindthedevelopedcountriesinscienceandtechnology.
ThatishowIlookatit.ThatiswhyIobjecttotheplan.
ThisiswhereIdisagree.Thecoatiswhereyouleftit.
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomuch.
Thequestioniswhetherwecanreducethecostoftheproduct.
ItsoundsasifyouarefromthesouthoftheUnitedStates.
Itseemsthatnooneknewwhathadhappened.
四、同位语从句用来解释说明某一名词的具体内容。
1.if不引导同位语从句。
2.常带同位语从句的名词有:
fact,news,belief,doubt,explanation,hope,idea,possibility,thought,wish,truth,suggestion,advice,order,fear,warning,reply,problem,reportpromise,opinion,word(消息),rumour…
ThereisarumourthatheisleavingforAmerica.
Thenewsthattheplanewilltakeoffontimemakesushappy.
Soonwordcamethattheyshouldpublishtheresultsoftheirresearch.
Wewilldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.
Ihavenoideawhetherhewillcome.
Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
a.that在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。
Haveyouheardthenewsthathewonthefirstinthegame?
Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywassurprising.
b.定语从句的关系词指代前面的先行词,而同位语的连接词与前面的名词在概念上不一致。
Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenweweretogether.(when=inthedays)
Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.(when不等于idea)
Themothermadeapromisethatpleasedallherchildren.
Themothermadeapromisethatshewouldtakeherchildrentothepark.
1分析句子成分,汉译英
1.Weallthinkitapitythatourteacherdidn'tshowupatourparty.
2.Whetherwe'llgodependsontheweather.
3.Ithappenedthatheknewmytelephonenumber.
4.Whethershe'scomingornotdoesn'tmattertoomuch.
5.Itseemsthateverybodyagreestothedecision.
6.Ourteacherfeelspleasedthatwehavemadeprogressrecently.
7.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscusstheproblem.
8.Ihavenoideawhetherthemeetingwillbeputoff.
9.Itsurprisesherthatshehasgotsuchgreatsuccess.
10.Napoleonrealizedatoncethathehadneverseenhimbefore.
11.Theoldladytheexplainedthatwhatshehaslookingforwasapairofglovesforagirl.
12.Whatinterestedhimwasthecoloroflight.
13.Whatcausedthefireisacompletemystery.
14.HetoldmethenewsthatChinahadjoinedWTO.
15.TheyexpressedtheirhopethattheywouldliketogotovisittheGreatWall.
16.Thereisnodoubtthatthewaterintheriverhasbeenseriouslypolluted.
17.WehadmadeitclearthatEnglishisveryuseful.
18.Whetherhewillcomeornotisnotdecided.
19.Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillsucceedorfail.
20.Theteachergaveordersthatthetestbefinishedbefore9:
00.
1用适当的连词填空
1.Idon'trememberanythingaboutmygrandpa except___________hedrankheavily.
2.___________madetheschoolproudwas___________morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.
3.Iwasverylateforschoolthismorning.That's___________Istayeduptoolatelastnight.
4.Althoughhewasonlyfour,thelittleboycouldalreadyexplain___________thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
5.Afterfivehours'drive,theyreached___________theythoughtwastheplacethey'dbeendreamingof.
6.Whatthedoctorsdoubtis___________mymotherwillbecomewellagain.
7.Themastertoldthepupils___________onlyGermanmightbetaughtintheschoolsand___________thenewteacherwouldcometomorrow.
8.ItwasuptoPeter___________ornothewouldgotoherbirthdayparty.
9.Thedoctorcouldn'tanswerthequestion___________thepatientcouldsurvivethatnight.
10.___________haspassedthetestwillgetaprize.
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