英汉互译真题.docx
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英汉互译真题.docx
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英汉互译真题
一、将下列段落译为汉语(25分)
ItisnotacoincidencethattheglobaleconomyisexperiencingthemostseverecaseofunemploymentduringtheworsteconomiccrisissincetheGreatDepression.Unemploymentishighlydependentoneconomicactivity;infact,growthandunemploymentcanbethoughtofastwosidesofthesamecoin:
wheneconomicactivityishigh,moreproductionhappensoverall,andmorepeopleareneededtoproducethehigheramountofgoodsandservices.Andwheneconomicactivityislow,firmscutjobsandunemploymentrises.Inthatsense,unemploymentiscountercyclical,meaningthatitriseswheneconomicgrowthislowandviceversa.
Butunemploymentdoesnotfallinlockstepwithanincreaseingrowth.Itismorecommonforbusinessestofirsttrytorecoverfromadownturnbyhavingthesamenumberofemployeesdomoreworkorturnoutmoreproducts—thatis,toincreasetheirproductivity.Onlyastherecoverytakesholdwouldbusinessesaddworkers.Asaconsequence,unemploymentmaystarttocomedownonlywellafteraneconomicrecoverybegins.Thephenomenonworksinreverseatthestartofadownturn,whenfirmswouldratherreduceworkhours,orimposesomepaycutsbeforetheyletworkersgo.Unemploymentstartsrisingonlyifthedownturnisprolonged.Becauseunemploymentfollowsgrowthwithadelay,itiscalledalaggingindicatorofeconomicactivity.
二、将下列短文译为汉语(50分)
Centuriesago,whileEurope,AfricaandtheAmericaswerethird-worldpoor,Chinawasnotonlythemostpopulated,wealthiest,andmostsophisticatedcountryinAsia,butontheplanet."TheTravelsofMarcoPolo,"publishedin1295,toldastonishingtalesofenormousbanquetroomswithathousandseats,wallsstuddedwithpreciousstones,andconsumersusingpapermoneytopurchasemass-printedbooksfromwell-stockedbookstores.InEurope,monkshand-copiedbookswhileinChinathousandsofbestsellersrolledoffmodernprintingpresses.China’sironmanufacturingindustryproducedonehundredtwenty-fivethousandtonsayear—anamountnotequaledtheWestuntilthetwentiethcentury.Castiron,thecrankhandle,deepdrillingfornaturalgas,thebeltdrive,thefishingreel,chess,matches,brandy,gunpowder,playingcards,thespinningwheel,theumbrella,andcountlessotherinventions—suchweretheproductsofChina’sinventivegenius.
EuropeanswouldeventuallyborrowChineseinnovationsliketheplowandexperienceanagriculturalrevolution.Similarly,literacyspreadastheEuropeansexploitedpaperandprinting,bothChineseinventions.TheEuropeanindustrialrevolutionwasbuiltatopChinesetechnology.
ItseemsprofoundlydifficultforAmericanleaderstoacknowledgesomesortofculturalequivalencywiththeChinese.TheonlywaytheChinesecansucceed,suchlogicgoes,isviaunderhanded,uncivilizedmethods.PresidentObamapointsthefingeratthemandarinsrunningtheworld’ssecondlargestcountry,accusingthemofmanipulatingU.S.-Chinatrade.YettheunspokentruthisthatChinaisexpertatdoingwhatthepresidentwantsAmericanstodo:
“discovering,creatingandbuildingtheproductsthataresoldallovertheworld.”Mr.ObamarepeatsthecanardthatChina’sremarkableeconomicsuccessisduetosinistercurrencydeflation.ButwhentheFederalReserverecentlyannounceditwouldpurchase$600billiondollarsofU.S.treasurysecurities,theGermanfinanceministerobserved:
“WhattheU.S.accusesChinaofdoing,theU.S.A.isdoingbydifferentmeans...itdoesn’taddupwhentheAmericansaccusetheChineseofcurrencymanipulationandthen,withthehelpoftheircentralbank’sprintingpresses,artificiallylowerthevalueofthedollar.
三、将下列段落译为英语(25分)
20年来,中国颁布实施了100多项政策法规,建立完善了消耗臭氧层物质生产管理、消费管理、产品质量管理和进出口管理制度,形成了以禁止新建、改建、扩建生产线,实施生产、消费、进出口配额许可证制度为核心的法律、法规和政策体系。
2010年6月1日开始施行的《消耗臭氧层物质管理条例》,进一步规范了消耗臭氧层物质生产、销售、使用和进出口等行为,强化了对违法行为的处罚力度,为可持续履约提供了强有力的法律保障。
(193字)
四、将下列短文译为英语(50分)
1992年大年初六,从东莞打工回老家过年的林崇喜老婆给他生了个宝贝儿子。
如全家人所愿,老三终于是男孩,虽然被村委会狠狠罚了5000块钱。
家里希望孩子不再像他父母一样是打工仔,也不是一个面朝黄土背朝天的农民,而是要上大学,做一个读书人。
阿公阿婆的身体还好,出生后的德才由他们带着,老两口带着孙儿既不寂寞,又让儿子在外面打工没有后顾之忧。
德才的两个姐姐也由阿公阿婆带着,他们就是典型的“留守儿童”。
德才出生的时候村里的田地早已在1980年联产承包责任制的时候分完了,因此,德才是一个没有田地的农民。
崇喜两口子外出后家里没有了壮劳力,林家的3亩2分地也就租给别人种了,同时,崇喜每半年从东莞寄回来的生活费足够三小两老的日常开支。
全家的最大希望是等赚了大钱,把孩子都接到城里。
一、将下列段落译为汉语(25分)
ThegenesisofaChinesefactorytownisalwaysthesame:
Inthebeginningnearlyeverybodyisaconstructionworker.Theboomingeconomymeansthatworkmovesfast,andnewindustrialdistrictsriseindistinctstages.Thoseearlylaborersaremenwhohavemigratedfromruralvillages,andimmediatelythey'rejoinedbysmallentrepreneurs.Thesepioneerssellmeat,fruit,andvegetablesoninformalstands,andlater,whenthefirstrealstoresappear,theystockconstructionmaterials.Afterthatcellphonecompaniessetupshop:
ChinaMobile,ChinaUnicom.Duringtheseinitialstagesthere'srarelyanysignofpolice.Governmentofficialsareprominentlyabsent.It'snotuntilplantsstartproductionthatyouseemanywomen.Assembly-linebossespreferyoungfemaleworkers,whoarebelievedtobemorediligentandmanageable.Afterthewomenappear,sodotheclothesshops.Intheearlydaysgarbageaccumulatesinthegutters;thegovernmentisneverinarushtoinstitutebasicservices.Publicbusesdon'tappearformonths.Manholesremainopentillthelastinstant,forfearthatearlysettlerswillstealthemetalcoversandsellthemforscrap.(186words)
二、将下列短文译为汉语(50分)
GlaciersinAntarcticaaremeltingfasterandacrossamuchwiderareathanpreviouslythought,adevelopmentthatthreatenstoraisesealevelsworldwideandforcemillionsofpeopletofleelow-lyingareas.ResearchersoncebelievedthatthemeltingwaslimitedtotheAntarcticPeninsula,anarrowtongueoflandpointingtowardSouthAmerica.Butsatellitedataandautomatedweatherstationsnowindicateitismorewidespread.ThemeltingalsoextendsallthewaydowntowhatiscalledwestAntarctica.Bytheendofthecentury,theacceleratedmeltingcouldcausesealevelstoclimbby3to5feet—levelssubstantiallyhigherthanpredictedbyamajorscientificgroupjusttwoyearsago.Makingmattersworse,theiceshelvesthatholdtheglaciersbackfromtheseaarealsoweakening.
Foryears,thecontinentatthebottomoftheworldseemedtobetheonlyplaceontheplanetnotexperiencingclimatechange.PreviousresearchindicatedthattemperaturesacrossmuchofAntarcticawerestayingthesameorslightlycooling.ThebigsurprisewasexactlyhowmuchglaciersaremeltinginwesternAntarctica,avastlandmassonthePacificOceansideofthecontinentthatisnexttotheSouthPoleandincludestheAntarcticPeninsula.Theglaciersareslippingintotheseafasterbecausethefloatingiceshelfthatwouldnormallystopthem—usually650to980feetthick—ismelting.Andtheglaciers'dischargeismakingasignificantcontributiontoincreasingsealevels.
Together,alltheglaciersinwestAntarcticaarelosingatotalofaround114billiontonsperyearbecausethemeltingismuchgreaterthanthenewsnowfall.That'sequivalenttothecurrentmasslossfromthewholeoftheGreenlandicesheet,Newresearchfoundthatmeltingglacierswilladdatleast7inchestotheworld'ssealevel—andthat'sifcarbondioxidepollutionisquicklycappedandthenreduced.(319)
三、将下列段落译为英语(25分)
朋友们,21世纪第一个十年就要过去了,离世纪之初所制定的千年发展目标的实现日期也更近了。
站在新的起点上,我们深觉任重而道远。
新发和重发传染病的肆虐、传染病与非传染病的双重负担、健康不公平的广泛存在等等,都是我们亟需解决的难题。
希望大家能以此为契机,努力学习卫生外交知识,掌握全球卫生及其治理的相关概念与手段,了解国际上发达国家和发展中国家在这一领域的经验,为我国制定全球卫生外交战略建言献策,为增进世界人民健康福祉而不懈努力。
四、将下列短文译为英语(50分)
最后我听了一堂音乐课,应该说是欣赏了一堂音乐课。
老师很活泼,这堂课先是播放了迈克尔·杰克逊的《我们同属一个世界》,这堂课的主题是让世界充满爱。
我对音乐是门外汉,但是我边听边感到这是一堂艺术熏陶课,对孩子是艺术的熏陶,也可以说是堂美学(aesthetics)课。
美学从大的方面讲就是真善美,就是世界事物的真善美,这就是那首歌的真谛。
因此听完课我就即席讲了一篇话,我说没有爱就没有教育,没有爱就没有一切。
一堂音乐课让孩子们通过唱歌来懂得人世间的爱,懂得人世间的真善美。
其次是人们的心底。
孩子们都有心理活动,就是孩子们心底都有知、情、义。
这就要求学生要有爱心,懂得爱父母、爱老师、爱家乡、爱祖国,人最起码的爱就是这些。
(295字)
一、将下列段落译为汉语(25分)
Thedangersofapopulationexplosionhavebeenalloverthenewspaperslatelyandindeedtheworldpopulationcouldreachsevenbillioninjusttwoyearsandeightbillionperhapsinthenexttwodecades.Butthat’snottheonlystory.Dramaticdeclinesinfertilityratesinsomecountriesandhighratesinothersposeacriticalchallenge.Onemustberemindedthatthegrowthofworldpopulation—whichnowstandsatanestimated6.8billionhumaninhabitants—hasgreatlyimpactedalllifeformsandtheoverallnaturalenvironmentoftheplanet.
Althoughthepopulationoftheworldcontinuestogrowsubstantially—79millionperyear—therateofgrowthhasdeclinedbynearlyhalfoverthelast40years–from2percentto1.2percentayear.Thecausefortheslowdownisdecliningfertilityrates.However,whiletheaverageglobalfertilityhasdroppedfromabout5to2.6birthsperwomanduringthepast50years,considerableuncertaintyexistsaboutthefuture.Insofarasfertilityistheenginedrivingthefuturesizeofworldpopulation,thisuncertaintyaboutthepathoffertilityinthecomingyearsisoneofthecentralandchallengingquestionsofthiscentury.
二、将下列短文译为汉语(50分)
PresidentObama’srecenttriptoChinareflectsasymbioticrelationshipattheheartoftheglobaleconomy:
ChinausesAmericanspendingpowertoenlargeitsprivatesector,whileAmericausesChineselendingpowertoexpanditspublicsector.Yetthisarrangementmayunravelinadangerousway,andifitdoes,themostlikelyculpritwillbeChineseeconomicovercapacity.
SeveralhundredmillionChinesefarmershavemovedfromthecountrysidetothecitiesoverthelast30years,inoneofthelargest,mostrapidmigrationsinhistory.Tohelpmakethiswork,theChinesegovernmenthassubsidizeditsexportersbypeggingtherenminbiatanunnaturallylowratetothedollar.Thishassupportedrelativelyhigh-payingexportj
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