高一英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析.docx
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高一英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析.docx
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高一英语阅读理解试题有答案和解析
高一英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
WhatCocktailPartiesTeachUs
You'reataparty.Musicisplaying.Glassesareclinking.Dozensofconversationsaredrivingupthedecibel(分贝)level.Yetamongallthosedistractions,youcantuneyourattentiontojustonevoicefrommany.Thisabilityiswhatresearcherscallthe“cocktail-partyeffect”.
ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscohavefoundwherethatsound-editingprocessoccursinthebrain—intheauditorycortex(听觉皮层)justbehindtheear,notinareasofhigherthought.Theauditorycortexboostssomesoundsandturnsdownotherssothatwhenthesignalreachesthehigherbrain,“it'sasifonlyonepersonwasspeakingalone,”saysinvestigatorEdwardChang.
Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelastweek,explainwhypeoplearen'tverygoodatmultitasking—ourbrainsarewiredfor“selectiveattention”andcanfocusononlyonethingatatime.Thatinbornabilityhashelpedhumanssurviveinaworldbuzzingwithvisualandauditorystimulation(刺激).Butwekeeptryingtopushthelimitswithmultitasking,sometimeswithtragic(悲剧的)consequences.Driverstalkingoncellphones,forexample,arefourtimesaslikelytogetintotrafficaccidentsasthosewhoaren't.
Manyofthoseaccidentsaredueto“inattentionalblindness”,inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,turnablindeyetothingstheyaren'tfocusingon.Themoreattentionataskdemands,thelessattentionwecanpaytootherthingsinourfieldofvision.Imageslandonourretinas(视网膜)andareeitherboostedorplayeddowninthevisualcortexbeforebeingpassedtothebrain,justastheauditorycortexfilterssounds,asshownintheNaturestudylastweek.“It'sapush-pullrelationship—themorewefocusononething,thelesswecanfocusonothers,”saysDianeM.Beck,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinois.
StudiesoverthepastdecadeattheUniversityofUtahshowthatdriverstalkingonhands-freecellphonesarejustasinfluencedasthoseonhands-heldphonesbecauseitistheconversation,notthedevice,thatisdistractingtheirattention.Thosetalkingonanykindofcellphonereactmoreslowlyandmissmoretrafficsignalsthanothermotorists.
Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextraattentiontothingsthatareimportant—likepoliceofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesandconductorscanlistenforindividualinstrumentswithintheorchestraasawhole.Manymorethinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactuallyshiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwothingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,expertssay.
(1)WhathavescientistsinUniversityofCaliforniafoundabout“thecocktail-partyeffect”?
A. Usuallythereisonlyonepersonwhoisspeakingalone.
B. Allkindsofannoyingsoundsdriveupthedecibellevel.
C. Thehigherbrainprocessessoundsandimagesselectively.
D. Soundsaresortedoutbeforereachingthehigherbrain.
(2)Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?
A. Wearebiologicallyincapableofmultitasking.
B. Wesurvivedistractionsinlifebymultitasking.
C. Wecannotmultitaskwithoutextraattention.
D. Webenefitfrompushingthelimitwithmultitasking.
(3)Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"inattentionalblindness"?
A. Acarelessdriverlosthiseyesightafteracaraccident.
B. Policescannedthecrowdsandlocatedthecriminal.
C. Amanagertalkedonahands-freephonewithhisclient.
D. Apedestrianhadacaraccidentbecauseofphubbing(低头).
(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.
A. compareandcontrast B. informandexplain
C. argueanddiscuss
D. examineandevaluate
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)D
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,讲述的是“鸡尾酒会效应”的启示。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscohavefoundwherethatsound-editingprocessoccursinthebrain—intheauditorycortex(听觉皮层)justbehindtheear,notinareasofhigherthought.”现在,加州大学旧金山分校(UniversityofCaliforniainSanFrancisco)的科学家找到了这种声音编辑过程在大脑中发生的位置──在耳朵后面的听觉皮层,而不是大脑的高级思维区域。
可知,在到达更高的大脑之前,声音已经被整理出来了,故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelastweek,explainwhypeoplearen'tverygoodatmultitasking-ourbrainsarewiredfor‘selectiveattention’andcanfocusononlyonethingatatime.”这些上月发布在《自然》期刊上的研究结果强调了为何人们不是很擅长处理多任务──我们的大脑有“选择性注意”机制,一次只能专注于一件事。
可知,我们在生理上无法同时处理多项任务。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Manyofthoseaccidentsaredueto‘inattentionalblindness’,inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,turnablindeyetothingstheyaren'tfocusingon.”可知,D项Apedestrianhadacaraccidentbecauseofphubbing.“一个行人因低头族而发生车祸。
”是一个“inattentionalblindness”的例子。
故选D。
(4)考查目的意图。
根据最后一段中的“Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextraattentiontothingsthatareimportant—likepoliceofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesandconductorscanlistenforindividualinstrumentswithintheorchestraasawhole.Manymorethinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactuallyshiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwothingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,expertssay.”有人可以训练自己对重要的事情付出格外的注意力──就像警察学习扫描人群的面孔,以及乐团指挥可以在整个乐团中听到每件乐器的声音。
专家说,更多的人则是自以为可以有效地处理多任务,但他们其实是在两件事之间迅速转移注意力,而并没有全身心地投入到其中任何一件事中。
可知本文的目的是“检查和评估”,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和目标意图三个题型的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行讨论推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
TheotherdayIwasshoppingatthelocalChinesegrocerystore.Therewasalineatthefishcounter,butonlyonestaffpersonwastheretotakecareofthecustomers.Somecustomersorderedquiteanamountoffishforthatstaffpersontoworkon.AtlastIwasthesecondinline.AllIwantedwasacoupleofcrabsandshouldgetoutofthereinnotime.
Noticingitwasverybusyatthefishcounter,anotherstaffpersoncameovertohelp.Iwasreadytobeserved,butthestaffpersonwenttotheendofthelineandbegantohelpacoupleofladieswithsnail(蜗牛).Thecustomersinfrontofme,beingserved,turnedaroundandlookedatmesympatheticallyandthecustomerbehindmecalledtothestaffperson,“Youshouldstarthere,”pointingatme.Hewas,well,ignored.
Ifsomeoneaskedme,"WhatisthemostimportantruletofollowinAmerica?
"Iwouldreplywithouthesitation."Waityourturnatalltimes."Whereveryougohereinthiscountry,youwillfindpeoplewaitinginalinequietlytogetanything:
whetherinthesupermarkets,departmentstores,busstops,orgasstations,it'sjustamatterofwaitingyourturn.Inalargersense,"waityourturn"ismorethanjustaguideline—itisaverybasicrulethatreflectsthefundamentalvalueofthewesterncultures.Butinsomesituationsyourturndoesnotalwayscomebasedonwhenyougetthereandhowlongyouhavewaitedinline,justlikemycaseatthestore.Eventhoughthisdidnotoftenhappen,itdidmakemefeelupset.
(1)Whathappenedtotheauthoratthestore?
A.Hewasill-treatedbyacustomer.
B.Hewasn'tserveduponhisorder.
C.Hewasaskedtobeservedlater.
D.Hewasaskedtodoothersafavor.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"inthelastparagraphreferto?
A.Hisbelief.
B.Hisculture.
C.Hisexperience.
D.Hisrule.
(3)Whydidtheauthorwritethetext?
A.Toemphasizehiskindnesstoothers.
B.Tointroducesomewesternculturestous.
C.Toexpresshisbeliefandhisfeeling.
D.ToshowhisdisbeliefinQueuingRule.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者在买螃蟹时排队很久,受到不公平待遇的经历,借此表现了西方文化的特点——要遵守次序,同时也表明了作者的感受和建议。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Iwasreadytobeserved,butthestaffpersonwenttotheendofthelineandbegantohelpacoupleofladieswithsnail(蜗牛).”可知,我准备好了接受服务,但服务员走到了队尾给几个想买蜗牛的 女士提供了服务,因此轮到作者的次序时,作者并没有得到服务。
故选B。
(2)考查代词指代。
根据最后一段中的“Butinsomesituationsyourturndoesnotalwayscomebasedonwhenyougetthereandhowlongyouhavewaitedinline,justlikemycaseatthestore.”可知,在某些情况下,是否能轮到你的次序并不取决于你几点到这里、排了多久的队,就像作者的情况一样,因此“this”指代的是作者的亲身经历。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
纵观全文可知,本文讲述了作者在买螃蟹时排了很久队却受到不公平待遇的经历。
再根据最后一段中的“Eventhoughthisdidnotoftenhappen,itdidmakemefeelupset.”可知,作者认为这种经历并不经常发生,但仍使作者感到比较失望,表达了作者的想法和感受。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Asavolunteerteacher,Imovedintoanapartmentwitheagerness.Sortingallthenecessarypaperworkout,Igotreadytostartmywork.Great,orsoIthought.At4a.m.andatseveralintervalsafterthat,Iwasrudelyawakenbythecockthatlivesoppositeme.Fantastic!
Inowhave5extraalarmseverymorning.
Inthefollowingweeks,Ialsostartedtonoticeatrend.Thingsinmyflatstartedtobreakattherateofoneobjectperday,likethehotwaterline,bowls,cups,shower,doorsorglassshelves.Yes,Iamclumsybutthingsjustfellapart.Ifitwasn'tbroken,itwouldeitherbedirtyormissing.Usingmywashingbasketforthefirsttimewasprettydisgusting.WhenItookoutmyclothes,theywereswiftlyfollowedbyahundredorsobugsthatwerelivinginthebottom.
AsforthegeneralLackofequipmentinthehose,therewasnooven.tinopener,orsharpknives.Itturnsoutmakingavegetarianburgerfromscratchwasn'tthebestidea.Ihadasmallmicrowaveandagrill.IthoughtthegeneralunderstandingwasnevertoputmetalinamicrowavebutIwenton.Smokesoonstartedtoappear.I'mnotquitesureifitwastheburgerorthegrillbutassoonasIopenedthedoor,theelectricitycutout,Ispentthefallowing10minutesinadark,smokyroomhuntingforthepowerswitchusingthelightfrommymobilephone,whichbroketheweekafterandleftmewithoutaconnectiontotheouterworld.
Luckily,I'mnowborrowingaphoneandmyluckhasreturned.N
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