历年考研英语真题集含答案word版.docx
- 文档编号:29528005
- 上传时间:2023-07-24
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:18
- 大小:41.37KB
历年考研英语真题集含答案word版.docx
《历年考研英语真题集含答案word版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《历年考研英语真题集含答案word版.docx(18页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
历年考研英语真题集含答案word版
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebg3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudgedofappearingtoosoft_6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoprobationonthatday.
To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,_the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.
Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews,12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.
DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,
butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.
1.[A]grant[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers
2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external
3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment
4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall
5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless
6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for
7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless
8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test
9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success
10.[A]chosen[B]stupid[C]found[D]identified
11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise
12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured
13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged
14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took
15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather
16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced
17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below
18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate
19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard
20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpful
SectionnReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
PartB
Directions:
Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2005,therewerealmosthalfamillionprofessionalsocialscientistsfromallfieldsintheworld,workingbothinsideandoutsideacademia.AccordingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport2010,thenumberofsocial-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenbyabout11%everyyearsince2000.
sgloba
Yetthisenormousresourceinnotcontributingenoughtotodaychallengesincludingclimatechange,security,sustainabledevelopmentandhealth.(41)Humanityhasthenecessaryagro-technologicaltoolstoeradicate
hunger,fromgeneticallyengineeredcropstoarificialfertilizers.Here,too,theproblemsaresocial:
theorganizationanddistributionoffood,wealthandprosperity.
(42)Thisisasham—ethecommunityshouldbegraspingtheopportunityto
raiseitsinfluenceintherealworld.ToparaphrasethegreatsocialscientistJosephSchumpeter:
thereisnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction.
Today,thesocialsciencesarelargelyfocusedondisciplinaryproblemsandinternalscholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact.
Analysesrevealthatthenumberofpapersincludingthekeywords
“environmentalchanged”or“climatechange”haveincreasedrapidlysince
2004,(43)
Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoftenlocal:
BelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgiumforexample.Andwhetherthecommunity'sworkcontributesmuchtoanoverallaccumulationofknowledgeisdoubtful.
Theproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountofavailablefunding(44)thisisan
adequateamountsolongasitisaimedintherightdirection.Socialscientistswhocomplainaboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpectmoreintoday'seconom
climate.
Thetrickistodirectthesefundsbetter.TheEuropeanUnionFrameworkfundingprogramshavelonghadacategoryspecificallytargetedatsocialscientists.Thisyear,itwasproposedthatsystembechanged:
Horizon2020,anewprogramtobeenactedin2014,wouldnothavesuchacategory,Thishasresultedinprotestsfromsocialscientists.Buttheintentionisnottoneglectsocialscience;rather,thecompleteopposite.(45)Thatshouldcreatemorecollaborativeendeavorsandhelptodevelop
projectsaimeddirectlyatsolvingglobalproblems.
[A]Itcouldbethatweareevolvingtwocommunitiesofsocial
scientists:
onethatisdiscipline-orientedandpublishinginhighly
specializedjournals,andonethatisproblem-orientedandpublishingelsewhere,suchaspolicybriefs.
[B]However,thenumbersarestillsmall:
in2010,about1,600ofthe
100,000social-sciencespaperspublishedgloballyincludedoneoftheseKeywords.
[C]theideaistoforcesocialtointegratetheirworkwithothercategories,includinghealthanddemographicchangefoodsecurity,marineresearchandthebio-economy,clear,efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecuresocieties.
[D]thesolutionistochangethemindsetoftheacademiccommunity,andwhatitconsiderstobeitsmaingoal.Globalchallengesandsocialinnovationoughttoreceivemuchmoreattentionfromscientists,especiallytheyoungones.
[E]Theseissuesallhaverootcausesinhumanbehavior.allrequirebehavioralchangeandsocialinnovations,aswellastechnologicaldevelopment.Stemmingclimatechange,forexample,isasmuchaboutchangingconsumptionpatternsandpromotingtaxacceptanceasitisaboutdevelopingcleanenergy.
[F]Despitethesefactors,manysocialscientistsseemreluctanttotacklesuchproblems.AndinEurope,someareupinarmsoveraproposaltodropaspecificfundingcategoryforsocial-scienceresearchandtointegrateitwithincross-cuttingtopicsofsustainabledevelopment.
[G]Duringthelate1990s,nationalspendingonsocialsciencesandthehumanitiesasapercentageofallresearchanddevelopmentfunds-includinggovernment,highereducation,non-profitandcorporate-variedfromaround4%to25%;inmostEuropeannations,itisabout15%.
PartB:
(10points)
SectionIIITranslation
46.Directions:
TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishtoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)
Directions:
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)
Itisspeculatedthatgardensarisefromabasicneedintheindividualswhomadethem:
theneedforcreativeexpression.Thereisnodoubtthatgardensevidenceanimpossibleurgetocreate,express,fashion,andbeautifyandthatself-expressionisabasichumanurge;(46)Yetwhenonelooksatthephotographsofthegardencreatedbythehomeless,itstrikesonethat,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,thesegardensspeakosvariousotherfundamentalurges,beyondthatofdecorationandcreativeexpression.
Oneoftheseurgeshadtodowithcreatingastateofpeaceinthemidstofturbulence,a“stillpointoftheturningworld,”toborrowaphrasefromT.S.
(47)Asacredplaceofpeace,howevercrudeitmaybe,isadistinctlyhumanneed,asopposedtoshelter,whichisadistinctlyanimalneed.Thisdistinctionissomuchsothatwherethelatterislacking,asitisfortheseunlikelygardens,thefoemerbecomesallthemoreurgent.Composureisastateofmindmadepossiblebythestructuringofonerelationtoone'senvironment.(48)Thegardensofthehomelesswhichareineffecthomelessgardensintroducefromintoanurbanenvironmentwhereiteitherdidnexistorwasnotdiscernibleassuch.Insodoingtheygivecomposuretoasegmentoftheinarticulateenvironmentinwhichtheytaketheirstand.
Anotherurgeorneedthatthesegardensappeartorespondto,ortoarisefromissointrinsicthatwearebarelyeverconsciousofitsabidingclaimsonus.Whenwearedeprivedofgreen,ofplants,oftrees,(49)mostofusgiveintoademoralizationofspiritwhichweusuallyblameonsomepsychologicalconditions,untilonedaywefindourselvesingardenandfeeltheexpressionvanishasifbymagic.InmostofthehomelessgardensofNewYorkCitytheactualcultivationofplantsisunfeasible,yetevensothecompositionsoftenseemtorepresentattemptstocallarrangementofmaterials,aninstitutionofcolors,smallpoolofwater,andafrequentpresenceofpetalsorleavesaswellasofstuffedanimals.Ondisplayherearevariousfantasyelementswhosereference,atsomebasiclevel,seemstobethenaturalworld.(50)Itisthisimplicitorexplicitreferen
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 历年 考研 英语 真题集含 答案 word