高一M14语法疏理.docx
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高一M14语法疏理.docx
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高一M14语法疏理
高一语法
M1定语从句
(1)
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似,有时可以相互转换,例如:
金发女孩可译作ablondegirl,agirlwithblondehair或agirlwhohasblondehair。
定语从句通常由关系代词that/which/who/whom/whose/as或关系副词when/where/why引导,这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词,又充当从句中的某个句子成分。
例:
1.Tomistheonlypersonwhocankeepacoolheadintimeofcrisis(n.紧要关头/危机).
2.Tomistheonlyfriendwhom(或who)Icanrelyon.
3.Chinaisnolongertheweaknationthatsheusedtobe.
4.Theschoolwhosefloorspaceisverylimitedcan’ttakeinonemorestudent.
5.IliketogotothegymwhereIcanhaveawork-outaftersittingforaday.
【同步练习】
一、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空:
1.Istillrememberthetime_______Ifirstbecameahighschoolstudent.
2.TherearemanyplacesinLondon_______youcanbuyacupofcoffee.
3.Thatisthereason_____heissokeenonschoolactivities.
4.Chinaisacountry_______historycanbedatedbackto3000BC.
5.Heisdrivingacar______cantravelat150mileperhour.
6.Hehastoflytoallthemajorcitiesoftheworld______hiscompanyhassetupoffices.
7.Thelady_____wemetinthebariseyeingusfromthecorner.
8.Wearefacingthesameproblem____wedidyearsago.
二、将下列每组句子合成一个带定语从句的复合句:
1.Theanti-JapaneseaggressionwarbrokeoutonJulythe7th.Itlastedforeightyears.
2.Onhiswebsitewesawsomephotos.Mr.LeetookthesephotosinEurope.
3.OnthewaytoschoolIsawsometrees.Theirleaveswereeatenupbyinsects.
4.Shelleylikestospendherleisuretimeinthestudents’union.Shecanmeetmanyinternationalstudentsthere.
5.Jane’sfatherwantshertobeasinger.Hehimselfhasalwayswantedtobeasingerhimself.
定语从句
(2)
1.定语从句中关系代词that、which用来指代物,who、whom和that用来指代人,whose用来表示所属关系,关系副词when、where和why指代时间、地点和原因。
2.关系代词的用法
(1)如果先行词是
例如:
AllthatIhaveismyloveforthisland.Thereisn’tmuchthatwecandotoeasehispain.
(2)
例如:
ThelastpersonthatwewanttoinvitetoourhouseisUncleSam.
Nonationthatiscapableofsuchatrocitycanbetrustedbyitsneighbors.
(3)非限制性定语从句中,
例如:
Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhomarewelleducated.
(4)which还有一种特殊用法,
例如:
Shefailedinherattempttocatchtheprince’sattention,whichwasagreatdisappointmenttohermother.
(5)
(6)
例如:
Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.
(7)
例如:
Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?
(8)
例如:
Thegirl(whom)youjustsawisthecheerleaderofourfootballclub.
Everymoment(that)wespentintheUKwillbeapreciousmemoryforus.
★总结:
只能用that,不用which的情况:
1.如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。
2.如果先行词被first,(the)last,all,every,little,any,(the)only,few,much,no,some,(the)very,(thesame)等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which。
3.先行词是序数词、形容词最高级、theway(that)时。
4.先行词在定语从句中作表语和主语的补语时,只能用that.
Mr.Leestilltalkslikethemanthathewastenyearsago.
5.先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。
6.当主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时,用that.Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.
As在定语从句中的用法
一.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)
(2)
Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.=Asanybodycansee,theelephant’snoseislikeasnake.
as与which的区别:
二.关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。
关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。
例如:
WeshallalwaysrememberthedaywhenJapansurrenderedtotheally(联/同盟)force.
Thisisoneofthefewplaceswhereyoucanbuytopqualitywine.
2.that有时也可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因
That有时可以代替关系副词when,where或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,这种定语从句中的that也可以省去。
例如:
Thatisthetime(that)hearrives.Thatisthereason(that)hecame.
【同步练习】选择适当的关系代词或关系副词填空:
1.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimplaywithanyone______scoreswaspoor.
A.ofwhom B.whom C.ofwhose D.whose
2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_____broughtherheartintohermouth.
A.it B.which C.this D.that
3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldgethelp.
A.that B.who C.fromwhom D.towhom
4.Theday_____hechoseforhissonweddingwasaluckydayinthelunar(阴历)calendar.
A.when B.where C.that D.who
5.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.
A.which B.where C.that D.when
6.Thismonumentisall_____remainsoftheancientkingdom.
A.it B.that C.when D.which
7.Hementionedabookthetitleof_____Ican’tremembernow.
A.who B.which C.this D.what
8.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.
A.whichprice B.thepriceofwhichC.itsprice D.thepriceofwhose
9._____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.
A.As B.It C.That D.Which
10.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.
A.this B.which C.that D.same
11.Onthewallhangsapicture,_____colorisblue.
A.whose B.ofwhich C.which D.its
12.Istillrememberthetime_____Ifirstbecameacollegestudent.
A.what B.which C.that D.when
13.Mr.Fordstilltalksliketheman_____hewastenyearsago.
A.that B.where C.which D.there
14.Theboss____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookeddownupon/onwomen.
A.inwhich B.inthat C.inwhose D.whose
15.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.
A.theway B.thewayinthat C.thewaywhich D.thewayofwhich
16.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.______Igotwetthrough.
A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show
17.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.
A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkit D.Ithinkwhichis
18.Thereisonlyonedishonthetable______Iwanttoeat.
A.who B.that C.what D.which
定语从句(3)
一、“介词+关系代词”结构
(1)
例如:
Thisisafreecountrywhereeveryoneenjoysfreedomofspeech.
Thisisafreecountryinwhicheveryoneenjoysfreedomofspeech.
(2)fromwhere为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句。
例如:
★Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown..
(3)像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。
例如:
Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.
二、关系代词在定语从句中作主语的补语
例如:
WhenLaurawasborn,Bettiedecidedherdaughterwouldbethesinger(that)shealwayswantedtobe.
Mr.Leestilltalkslikethemanthathewastenyearsago.
三、关系代词as和which作主语,都可以代表前面整个句子。
但由as引导的定语从句可以前置。
例如:
Hesawthegirl,as/whichhehopedhewould.Ashehopedhewould,hesawthegirl.
As还可用于thesame…..as,such…..as,as……as等结构中。
例如:
Suchopinionsasheholdssoundstrangetoordinarypeople.
Wearefacingthesameproblemaswedidyearsago.
定语从句(复习)
【同步练习】单项选择
1.Thewayhediditwasdifferent_____wewereusedto.A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich
2.Thereweredirtymarksonherpants____shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
3.Wehadtoeatstandingupbecausewehadn’tanything____wecouldsiton.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that
4.Mr.Greenstilltalksliketheman____hewastenyearsago.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whom
5.____canbecalledacaralwaysrollsonwheels.A.AnythingB.WhateverC.AllthatD.Whichever
6.Thisisabook____isred.A.ofwhichcoverB.thecoverofthatC.whichcoverD.whosecover
7.Theydidn’tcallthepolicetill2hourslater,____allowedthethiefenoughtimetoescape.
A.whenB.whichC.whyD.how
8.Wevisitedatempleyesterday,infrontof____asmallriver.
A.whichflewB.thatflowsC.whichflowsD.whereflows
9.What____youwanthertodo?
A.isB.isitC.thatD.isitthat
10.Itwastwoyearsago_____ChinawashitbySARS.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.then
【语法】
一、非限制性定语从句1)
例如:
Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.
Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.
2)
例如:
CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.
Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.
Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.
3)
例如:
HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.
Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.
说明:
二、反意疑问句:
It’sraining,isn’tit?
反意疑问句的前半部分陈述句是肯定的,则疑问部分为否定形式;反意疑问句的前半部分陈述句中若为否定,则疑问部分为肯定形式。
Wehardlyknoweachother,?
Thereislittleleftforustodo,?
反意疑问句的前半部分陈述句中若使用了助动词,情态动词或be动词,后半部分先重复这些动词,然后+not+主语,构成简略句
Youcanreadthis,?
Sheshouldhavearest,?
如果反意疑问句前半部分肯定句中谓语动词是实意动词,后半部分一般由didn’t/doesn’t和didn’t+主语构成
Weneedsomesaladtoo,?
Helookslikehisfather,?
祈使句后面的反意疑问句是willyou/shallwe?
Let’sstopquarrelingandgetdowntobusiness,?
Comeovertomyhouse,?
【同步练习】单项选择
1.Janecouldhardlybecalledbeautiful,______?
A.couldn’tsheB.couldn’tJaneC.wasn’tsheD.couldshe
2.Isthisfactory____youvisitedtheotherday?
A.whichB.whereC.towhichD.theone
3.Youwillhavesomesparetime____youcanlearnFrenchathome.A.thatB.whichC.atwhichD.duringwhich
4.Weoughttomakefriendswithsuchpeople____arekindandhardworking.A.whoB.asC.thatD.whom
5.Iwassosurprisedthathereturnedhomemuchearlier____wasexpected.A.asB.thanC.whichD./
6.HemustbefromAfrica,_____canbeseenfromhisskin.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.as
7.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,_____kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.
A.fromwhereB.whichC.whereD.as
8.Thatisthegi
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- M14 语法 疏理