时态3.docx
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时态3.docx
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时态3
1.概念
动作发生在过去,强调对现在的影响或结果。
Ihavealreadyopenedthisdoor.
(Iopenedthisdoorjustnow.Nowthedoorisopen.)
动作发生在过去,一直持续到现在,或持续到将来。
Ihavelivedheresincelastyear.
Ihavebeenlivingheresincelastyear.
(LastyearImovedhereandnowI’mstilllivinghere.)
表示曾经发生或做过的事情,或表示某种经验,经历。
IhavebeentoAmericatwice.(IhavetheexperienceofvisitingAmerica.)
2.构成:
助动词have/has+过去分词
buy--havebegin--beonborrow--keepdie--bedead
arrive--bejoin--beingo--beoutgetup--beup
finish--beoverputon--wearreturn/comeback--beback
leave--beaway(from)become--bemarry--bemarried
fallasleep--beasleep
3.现在完成时的用法:
常与以下时间状语或从句连用
for+一段时间fortwohours,forseveralyears
since+时间点since1999,sincelastmonth
since+一段时间+agosincethreeweeksago
since+句子(用过去时)sincehemovedtoParislastmonth.
sinceIwasborn.sincewegotthere.
ShehaslivedinEnglandforfiveyears.=sincefiveyearsago.
IhaveworkedheresinceImovedhere.
常与sofar,uptonow,tillnow,thesedays,lately,recently,eversince,overtheyears,inthelast(past)fewyears等词或词组连用.
Wehavelearned2,000Englishwordssofar/uptonow.
Ihaven’tseenherrecently/thesedays/lately.
常与ever,never,before,once,twice等连用,表示某种经验或经历.
--HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?
--Yes,Ihave.Ihavebeentheretwice.
Ihaveneverseensuchagreatfilmbefore.
--Haveyouevereatenlollypops?
--Yes,justonce./--No,never./No,notevenonce.
4.注意:
现在完成时需要注意的几个问题
1).非延续性动词如:
leave,begin,start,buy,borrow,join,go,arrive,die,marry,finish,return,getup,puton,fallasleep等,不能和for,since引导的一段时间连用。
(如要表示动作持续了一段时间,动词要作相应的变化,变成可延续的动词).
2).延续性动词如:
be,have,work,live,study,teach,sleep,wait,walk等,可以和for,since引导的一段时间连用。
试比较:
Ihavealreadyboughtthisbook.(√)
Ihavealreadyboughtthisbookfortwoweeks.(×)
Ihavealreadyhadthisbookfortwoweeks.(√)
注意以下动词的替换:
练习,根据中文的提示完成下列句子。
①.Hehasgotupalready.他已经起床了。
Hehasbeenupfor20minutesalready.他已经起床20分钟了。
②.Thefilmhasbegun.电影已经开始了。
Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.电影已经放了5分钟了。
③.Mylittledoghasdied.我的小狗已经死了。
Mylittledoghasbeendeadforthreeyears.我的小狗已经死三年了。
④.Ihaveborrowedthisdictionary.我已经借了这本字典了。
Ihavekeptthisdictionarysincelastweek.
自从上星期起,我就借了这本字典了。
⑤.MichaelhasleftKunming.迈克已经离开昆明了。
MichaelhasbeenawayfromKunmingsincefourdaysago.
四天前,麦克就已经离开昆明了。
⑥.ThoseforeignershavearrivedinShanghai.那些外国人已经到达上海了。
ThoseforeignershavebeeninShanghaifor5hours.
那些外国人已经到达上海五天了。
3).havebeento曾经到过某地(去了已经回来,人在这里)
havegoneto已经去了某地(去了没回来,人没在这里)
havebeenin已经在某地(在某地已待了一段时间)
练习,根据中文的提示完成下列句子。
.Myfatherhasbeento(去)Thailandtwice.
.Lilyisn’there.Shehasgoneto(去)thelibrary.
.RonanKeatinghasbeeninChinaforseveralyears.
.Howlonghashebeeninthisbigcity?
.MissLihasbeenabroad(出国abroad)threetimes.
4).just用于现在完成时;justnow用于过去时。
Ihavejustfinished(finish)myhomework.
Isaw(see)yourmotheratthecornerjustnow.
5.现在完成进行时
1)概念
表示动作从过去发生,一直延续到现在,并且该动作还在发生或进行。
此外还可以表示“最近”一直反复,重复做的事情。
2)构成:
助动词have/has+been+v.ing
3)现在完成进行时的用法:
常与fortwohours,since2000,allthismorning,alldaylong,thewholeday等时间状语连用。
Ihavebeenreadingallthismorning.
Hehasbeenstayingherefortwohours.
Shehasbeenlivingheresince2001.
TheyhavebeenwatchingTValldaylong.
4)现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
.Someonehasphonedyou.(已经打过电话了,可能就一次)
Someonehasbeenphoningyou.(一直在打电话,一次又一地打)
.I’vereadthenovel.(已经读完了)
I’vebeenreadingthenovel.(还没读完,还在继续读)
.Hehaslivedhereforsixweeks.
Hehasbeenlivinghereforsixweeks.(区别不太大,后者更口语化)
.Haveyoumetherlately?
(强调动作的一次性)
Haveyoubeenmeetingherlately?
(强调动作的反复,经常见面)
.Who’seatenmyapples?
(苹果被吃掉了,没有了)
Who’sbeeneatingmyapples?
(有感情色彩,表示愤怒不满)
6.另外注意
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响;一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。
试比较:
Isawthisfilmyesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了,不涉及现在)
Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。
)
7.完成下列练习。
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Theyhaveplayed(play)fourgamesofcardssofartoday.
2.Laurawillgo/isgoing/went(go)joggingassoonasshegets/got(get)up.
3.Whenshewas(be)alittlegirlsheloved(love)playingwithherdolls.
4.YesterdayFrankfell(fall)downandbroke(break)hisleg.
5.Lisastarted(start)playingthepianowhenshewas5.
6.Paulhasbeen(be)anarchitect(建筑师)forovertwoyears.
7.Mysisterplayed(play)thesaxophonewhenshewasatschool.
8.Bradisnothere.Hehasbeen(be)away.He’shikingwithsomeofhisfriends.
9.Sarah’sparentsbought(buy)heratricycleonher1styearatprimaryschool.Sarahlovedit.
10.Myteamhaswon(win)allthematchesthisseason.Ithinkthey’llbethechampionsintheend.
11.--HowlonghasHenryhadhismotorbike?
--Hehashad(buy)itsincehislastbirthday.
12.Helenhasread(read)alotofbooksthisyear.
13.Mysisterhashad(have)fourdifferentjobssincesheleftschool.
14.Heran(run)awayfromschoolwhenhewas13.
15.Howmanycupsofteahaveyoudrunk(drink)sofartoday?
16.LastwinterTedvisited(visit)severalmuseumsatweekends.
17.Columbusdiscovered(discover)Americain1492.
18.Mybrotherisawriter.Hehaswritten(write)severalbooks.
19.--Whendidyoufirstmeet(meet)yourfriendAna?
--Ifirstmet(meet)herataparty
20.Ihaven’tbeen(notbe)illsincethebeginningofthisyear.
21.Ourteamdon’tplayverywell.Wehavelost(lose)fivegamesoneaftertheotherthisseason.
22.Tinaleft(leave)schoollastyearandstarted(start)workingasawaiterinafamousrestaurantintown.
23.Davidhasn’tseen(notsee)hisbrothersincehereturned(return)fromhis
triptotheUSAlastwinter.
24.Ithasbeenraining/hasrained(rain)fortwodays.
25.I’vebeenlistening(listen)tomusicsinceearlythismorning.
26.Thosekidshavebeenswimming(swim)intheseasincetheycame(come)tothebeach.
27.They’vebeenmarried(marry)since2000.
28.Garyhasbeenreading(read)newspaperfor30minutes.
29.Ihavebeensaving(save)moneyfortwoyears.
30.TedandTarahavebeensinging(sing)forthewholeday.
8.选择正确时态填空。
1.I(haven’tseen/didn’tsee)Marylately.
2.“Whoisshe?
”“I(’veneverseen/neversaw)herbefore”
3.I(’vedone/did)alotofinterestingthingsinmylife.
4.She(hasleft/left)herjoblastyear.
5.When(haveyougot/didyouget)married?
6.I’msorry.I(haven’tfinished/didn’tfinish)yet.
7.I(’veneverbeen/wasnever)abroad.
8.He(hasgone/went)tothemuseumyesterdayafternoon.
9.She(’sjustgotup/justgotup)andisgettingdressedtogoout.
10.(Haveyouevereaten/Didyouevereat)octopus?
–No,never.
11.ThisisthefirsttimeI(‘vevisited/visited)thelocalmuseum.
12.I(’vebroken/broke)myarmandcan’tgoskiingwithyou.
13.When(haveyoufinished/didyoufinish)theexercises?
ourteachertoldustodoitforMonday.
14.She(’sbeen/went)tothelibrarythreetimesthisweek.
15.HeisthetallestmanthatI(’veeverseen/eversaw)inmylife.
9.选择正确答案。
(B)1.Both his parents look sad.Maybe they _____whathappened to him.
A. knew B. haveknown C. mustknow D.willknow
(B)2.He has_______been to Shanghai,has he?
A. already B.never C.ever D.still
(C)3.Have you met Mr.Li______?
A. just B. ago C.before D. amomentago
(D)4.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.
A.is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written
(C)5.--Ourcountry ______alotsofar(迄今为止).
--Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.
A.has changed;well B. changed;good
C.has changed;better D. changed;better
(C)6.ZhaoLan______already ______inthisschoolfortwoyears.
A.was;studying B.will;studyC.has;studied D.are;studying
(C)7.We_____Thomassincehe was alittleboy.
A.know B. had known C.have known D. knew
(B)8.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see
(B)9.--These farmers have been to theUnited States.
--Really?
When_____ there?
A.will they go B. did theygoC. do they go D. have they gone
(B)10.--______you______your homework yet?
--Yes.I_____ it a moment ago.
A. Did;do;finished B. Have;done;finished
C. Have;done;have finished D. will;do;finish
(D)11.His father ______the Partysince 1978.
A. joined B. hasjoined C. wasin D. has been in
(B)12.--Doyouknowhimwell?
--Sure.We________friendssincetenyearsago.
A. were B.havebeen C.havebecome D.havemade
(A)13.--Howlonghaveyou ______here?
--Abouttwomonths.
A.been B. gone C. come D. arrived
(C)14.Hurry up!
The play_______for tenminutes.
A.has begun B. had begunC. has been on D. began
(A)15.It_____ten years since he left the army.
A. is B.has C. will D. was
(A)16.Miss Green isn't in the office.She______ to the library.
A.has gone B.went C.will go D. has been
(A)17.My parents______ Shandong for ten years.
A. have been in B.have been toC. have gone to D.havebeen
(D)18.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,_____?
A.sothey B.don’tthey C.havethey D.haven’tthey
(C)19._____hasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe____toChina?
A.Howsoon;comes
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