全新版大学英语第一册unit3讲稿.docx
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全新版大学英语第一册unit3讲稿.docx
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全新版大学英语第一册unit3讲稿
全新版大学英语第一册
Unit3UnderstandingScience
PartI(1st-2ndperiod)
I.Warm-upactivities
1.Givethemdiscussiontopics:
Brainstormsomeofthescientificandtechnologicalinventions
(cellphone,e-mail,clone,nuclearweapons,nanotechnology(纳米技术),laptop(笔记本电脑),geneticengineering)
Discussion
Doalltheseinventionsalwayschangeourlivesforthebetter?
Giveexamplestoexplainyouropinion.
2.Whatisyourattitudetowardsclone?
Cloneisamemberofagroupoforganismsorplantsproducednon-sexuallyfromoneancestor.
Thesuggestedethicalandpracticalargumentsbothforandagainstcloning:
For:
1.Animalsfromendangeredspeciescouldbeclonedtopreventextinction.
2.Cloningwouldbeagoodsourcefororganandbonemarrow(骨髓)transplants.
3.Sterile(不育的)coupleswillbeabletohaveoffspringwhowillhaveeitherthemother’sorfather’sgeneticpattern.
Against:
1.Technologyisnotwelldeveloped.Ithasalowfertilityrate(出生率).IncloningDolly,277eggswereused,30startedtodivide,nineinducedpregnancy,andonlyonesurvivedtoterm(临产).
2.Clonesmaybetreatedassecond-classcitizensandtheunknownpsychosocialharmwithimpactsonthefamilyandsociety.
3.Lossofgeneticvariation.
vStephenHawking
i.BriefIntroductiontoStephenHawking
StephenHawking(1942~):
Britishtheoreticalphysicistandmathematician
ii.ChronologyofStephenHawking
–1942
BorninOxford,England.
–1958
EnteredOxfordUniversityandbecameespeciallyinterestedinthermodynamics(热力学),relativitytheory,andquantummechanics(量子力学).
–1962
Receivedabachelor’sdegreeinphysicsandthenenrolledasaresearchstudentingeneralrelativityattheUniversityofCambridge.
–1966
EarnedhisPh.D.degreeattheUniversityofCambridge.StayedattheUniversityofCambridgetodopost-doctoralresearch.DiagnosedashavingAmyotrophicLateralSclerosis(ALS)(肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化).
(Quote:
“Iamquiteoftenasked:
HowdoyoufeelabouthavingALS?
Theansweris,notalot.Itrytoleadasnormalalifeaspossible,andnotthinkaboutmycondition,orregretthethingsitpreventsmefromdoing,whicharenotthatmany.”)
–1977
Becameaprofessorofphysics.
–1979
AppointedLucasianProfessorofMathematicsatCambridge,apostonceheldbyIsaacNewton.
–1988
PublishedhisfamousbookABriefHistoryofTime:
FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles.
–1993
WroteBlackHolesandBabyUniversesandOtherEssays.
–1996
Co-authoredabookwithSirRogerPenrosetitledTheNatureofSpaceandTime.
iii.MainAchievementsofStephenHawking
singularity:
(Apointinspace-timeatwhichthespace-timecurvature(曲率)becomesinfinite.)
blackhole:
(Aregionofspace-timefromwhichnothing,notevenlight,canescape.Nothingcanescapebecausegravityissostrong.)
Withthehelpofthefollowingwordsandexpressions,listentoarecordingofmoreinformationonblackhole.
II.LanguagePoints
1.likely:
1).adj.probable
-AnincidentlikelytoleadtowarisreportedonTV.(电视报导出一可能导致战争的事件。
)
2).adv.probably
-Ishallverylikelybehereagainnextmonth.
Pattern:
Itislikelythat…很可能…
-Itishighlylikelythathewillsucceed.
CF:
likely,possible&probable
这些词都有“可能的”意思。
likely系常用词,指从表面迹象来看很有可能。
例如:
-Thelikelyoutcomeofthecontestvariesfrommomenttomoment.
(比赛结果每分钟可能都在变化。
)
possible指由于有适当的条件和方法,某事可能发生或做到,强调客观上有可能,但常含有实际希望很小的意思。
例如:
-Isitpossibletogettothecitybytrain,ormustItakeabus?
(坐火车可以到这个城市去吗?
还是我必须得坐公共汽车?
)
probable语气比possible强,指有根据、合情理、值得相信的,带有大概、很可能的意思。
例如:
-Itisprobablethathehasforgottenourappointment.
(很可能他是忘了我们的约会了。
)
2.dowithout:
managetosurvive,continue,orsucceed,althoughyoudonothavesth.youneed
-Ihaven’tenoughmoneytobuyacar,soI’lljusthavetodowithout.
-Hecan’tdowithouttheservicesofasecretary.
Collocation:
doawaywith摆脱;废除,取消
doup系上,扣上;修理;打扮
havesomethingtodowith和…有关系
havenothingtodowith和…没有关系
3.highly:
adv.
1)very
-Mr.Smithwasahighlysuccessfulsalesman.
2)toahighdegree
-Hespeaksveryhighlyofyou.
-出席这次会议的大部分人是受过高等教育的女性。
(Mostofthepeoplepresentatthemeetingarehighlyeducatedwomen.)
CF:
highly&high
这两个词都表示“高高地”。
highly指的是抽象意义上的“高”。
例如:
ahighlypaidofficial薪俸优厚的官员
thinkhighlyofsb.器重某人
high用作副词时,一般指的是具体意义上的“高”。
例如:
aimhigh向高处瞄准
searchhighandlow到处寻找
其他类似的例子还有:
closely&close
closely细心地,严密地。
例如:
-WatchwhatIdoclosely.(仔细观察我所做的。
)
-Theprisonerswerecloselyguarded.(囚犯被严密看守着。
)
close邻近。
例如:
-Helivesclosetotheschool.(他住得离学校很近。
)
4.put/turntheclockback:
returntoasituationthatusedtoexist,usuallybecausethepresentsituationisunpleasant
-Theemploymentbillinwhichwomenarenotallowedtotakejobswillputtheclockbackfiftyyears.
-Forgetallaboutitandlooktothefuture;youcan’tturntheclockback.
5.bringabout:
causetohappen
-这是怎么发生的?
(Whatbroughtitabout?
)
-Someeducatorsarehopingtobringaboutmajorchangesintheeducationalsystem.
Collocation:
bringforth产生;提出
bringforward提前;提出
bringup教育;养育;提出
Fillintheblankswiththeabovephrasesandchangetheformwherenecessary.
1).Theyproposedthatthedateofthecongressbebroughtforwardafewmonths.
2).Thetreesintheorchardbroughtforthmanyapples.
3).Hewaswellbroughtup.
4).Atthemeetingthenextmorning,theybroughtup/forward/forthmanyproblemsanddiscussedthemonebyone.
6.inquire:
1).vt.asktobetold
-Heinquired(ofher)thereasonforbeinglateagain.
-Heaskedforhiskeyandinquiredwhethertherehadbeenanymessageforhim.
2).vi.seekinformationbyquestioning
-我打电话询问有关火车时刻的事情。
(Iranguptoinquireabouttraintimes.)
Collocation:
inquireafter问候
inquirefor求见
inquireinto查究,调查
CF:
inquire,ask&question
这些词都有“问,询问”的意思。
inquire是较正式的书面用词,渴望知道某人或某事的确实情况。
例如:
-Heinquiredyourtelephonenumber.(他询问你的电话号码。
)
ask是最常用词,指为了了解某人或某事而提出问题,请别人解答或向别人打听消息。
例如:
-Excuseme.MayIaskyouaquestion?
(对不起,我能问你一个问题吗?
)
question指对某事不断提出问题,以便了解详细情况。
例如:
-Thesuspectwasquestionedbythepolice.(警察审讯嫌疑人。
)
7.initiative:
n.
1)abilitytomakedecisionsandtakeactionwithoutthehelpofothers
-Ifyoushowthatyouhaveinitiative,youwillsoonerorlaterbepromoted.
-Theworkersareabletosolvetheproblemontheirowninitiative.
2)usedinthephrase“taketheinitiative”:
bethefirstpersontotakeactiontoimproveasituationorrelationship,esp.whenotherpeoplearewaitingforsb.elsetodosth.
-Hetooktheinitiativeinorganizingapartyafterhisbrother’swedding.
8.rate:
n.
1)value,cost,speed,etc.measuredbyitsrelationtosomeotheramount
-Theworld’sforestsaredisappearingatanevenfasterratethanexpertshavethought.
-出生率是出生数与人口数之比。
(Thebirthrateisthenumberofbirthscomparedtothenumberofthepeople.)
2)ofthe(numbered)quality
afirst-rateperformer;asecond-ratecomic
9.ensure:
vt.makesure;guarantee
-Thenewtreatywillensurepeace.
-我不能确保他能及时到这儿。
(Ican’tensurethathewillbehereintime.)
10.informed:
adj.knowingthings;havingalltheinformation
-随时告诉我新的发展。
(Keepmeinformedoffreshdevelopment.)
-He’sawell-informedman.
CF:
inform,tell&instruct
这些词都有“把某消息或某件事传达给别人”的意思。
inform向某人传递信息,特别适用于告知所发生的情况或有关资料(可以用于上级对下级,也可以用于下级对上级的通知)。
例如:
-Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommyoldschoolinformingmethatmyformerheadmaster,Mr.ReginaldPage,willberetiringnextweek.(我刚接到母校的一封信,通知我说我的老校长雷金纳德·佩奇先生将于下星期退休。
)
tell最通用,最不正式。
指把某事告诉某人。
例如:
-Glancingatherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedresswassold.(他轻蔑地看了她一眼,告诉她说那件衣服卖掉了。
)
instruct较正式,意为“指示(一般用于上级对下级),通知”。
例如:
-Theeditoratoncesentthejournalistatelegraminstructinghimtofindouttheexactnumberofstepsandtheheightofthewall.(编辑立即给这位记者发了一份电报,叫他查明台阶的准确数目以及围墙的高度。
)
11.steady:
adj.
1)constant;regularinmovement
-Thegovernment’spolicieshavebroughtaperiodofsteadyeconomicgrowthwithfallingunemployment.
-Therehasbeenasteadygrowthintheindustry.
2)firm
-Usingtherazorrequiresasteadyhand.
12.basis:
(pl.bases)n.
1)factsorideasfromwhichsth.canbedeveloped;foundation(usu.usedasasingularnoun,followedbyfororof)
-Thewritingisfullofargumentsthathaveafirmbasis.
-Whatisthebasisforyouropinion?
2)circumstancethatprovidesareasonforsomeactionoropinion(usu.followedbyoforthat-clause)
-Onthebasisthatrecognizingtheproblemishalfwaytoasolution,weshouldpaymuchattentiontohiscomments.
-基于我们售货的预测,我们明年将开始赚钱。
(Onthebasisofoursalesforecasts,wemaybegintomakeaprofitnextyear.)
CF:
basis,base&foundation
这些词都有“基础,根基”的意思
basis多用于比喻,指信念、议论等的根据。
例如:
-Charitytowardothersisthebasisofherphilosophy.(慈善待人是她人生观的基点。
)
base多用于指有形的或具体的基地或根基,尤指军事或工业方面的基地。
例如:
-Wepicnickedatthebaseofthemountain.(我们在山脚下野餐。
)
-Thelampstandsonacircularbase.(那盏灯由圆形底座支撑。
)
foundation强调基础的稳固与坚牢,可用于比喻。
例如:
-Thosethoughtsrockedherassurancetoitsfoundations.(那些想法从根本上动摇了她的信念。
)
-Thehugelorriesshockthehousetoitsfoundations.(大卡车驶过,连屋基都震动了。
)
13.liein:
existorbefoundin(sth.)
-Therootofalltheseeventslayinhistory.
-这部戏剧令人感兴趣的地方在于它提出了一些婚姻方面的问题。
(Theplay’sinterestliesinthequestionsitraisesaboutmarriage.)
14.intermsof:
asregards(sth.);expressedas(sth.)
-Intermsofsalary,thejobisterrible.
-以百分数回答这个问题。
(Givetheanswerintermsofapercentage.)
15.tend:
1).vi.belikelytohappenorhaveaparticularcharacteristicoreffect
-Somepeopletendtogetuplateratweekends.
-物价正在上涨。
(Pricesaretendingupwards.)
2).vt.watchover;attendto
-shepherdstendingtheirflocks
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