Grammar and usage定语从句高中.docx
- 文档编号:29483301
- 上传时间:2023-07-23
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:11
- 大小:23.28KB
Grammar and usage定语从句高中.docx
《Grammar and usage定语从句高中.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Grammar and usage定语从句高中.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Grammarandusage定语从句高中
●Grammarandusage
I.定语从句讲析(Theattributiveclause)
一、关键词
1.定语从句:
在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:
关系词用来引导定语从句。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。
关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系词可以1)代替先行词;2)引导定语从句;3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:
Thecarwhichmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.句中,thecar为先行词;which是关系词引导是定语从句whichmyunclehadjustbought,同时代替先行词thecar在定语从句中作主语。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
Thenumberofpeoplewholosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.
In1519anothertravelerwhowenttoAmericafromEuropediscoveredtomatoes.
ThecompetitorwhowonthemostgoldmedalswasDavidBeckham.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,常可省略。
Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.
ThepersonwhomyoushouldaskisMr.Ball.
TheathletewhomIlikedmostwasCarlLewis.
Theboy(who/whom/that/)wesawyesterdaywasJohn'sbrother.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时可省略。
FruittreeswhichoncegrewonlyinChinacanbefoundinmanypartsoftheworld.
Thegoldmedalwhichshewonhasbeengiventoheroldschool.
4.that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
ThewomanthatIreadaboutinthenewspaperhasjustwonagoldmedal.
Cornisaveryusefulplantthatcanbepreparedinmanydifferentways.
ThereportthatMr.Turnerhandedinwasaboutthemotorrace.
5.whose通常指人,有时也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
Iknowthepersonwhosecompanyproducescomputers.
Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.
Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallen.
Note:
whose指物时,常用ofwhich结构来代替:
Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?
Thetimewhenmyfatherworkedwasahardtime.
ThereweretimeswhenIdidn’tknowwhattodo.
2.where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
ThisisthecitywhereIwasborn.
Hehelpedhisfatheronthesmallfarmwheretheylived.
Thefarmwherewepickedcottonwasninekilometersaway.
3.why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
Thesearethereasonswhywedoit.
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
注意:
关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。
如:
I’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedthearmy.
Kentuckyisthestatewhere/inwhichLincolnwasborn.
Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.
四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1.限制性定语从句在形式上不用逗号“,”与主句隔开,是先行词不可缺少的定语,如去掉,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
翻译时译成先行词的定语“……的”。
Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.
Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.
2.非限制性定语从句在形式上用逗号“,”与主句隔开,是对先行词意义的补充说明,如去掉,主句仍能表达完整的意思,通常译成主句的并列句。
Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.
Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.
3.关系词的使用:
1)关系词作宾语在限制性定语从句中可以省略,在非限制性定语从句中不可省略。
2)限制性定语从句可用that引导,而非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
3)在限制性定从句中可用who代替whom,而在非限制性定语从句中不可用who代替whom。
Thebook(that/which)IboughtyesterdayisHarryPotterandtheOrderofPhoenix.
Thebook,whichlboughtyesterday,isHarryPotterandtheOrderofPhoenix.
Theengineer(who/whom/that)Imetintheofficeworkedveryhard.
Theengineer,whomImetintheoffice,workedveryhard.
Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
五、特别提示
1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词要和先行词的性、数保持一致。
ThisisoneofthebookswhichwerewrittenbyCharlesDickens.
HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhohaslearnedFrench.
注意:
which和as引导非限制性定语从句时,有时并没有特定的先行词,而是代表前面说的整个情况。
这时which和as被看作单数,译作“这一点”,其后的谓语动形式用单数形式。
如:
HesaidhewasaFrenchman,which/aswasnottrue.
但须注意,as引导的这种定语从句可置于主句之前,which引导的这种定语从句只置于主句之后。
如:
Asisknowntoall,Chinaisasocialistcountry.Chinaisasocialistcountry,as/whichisknowntoall.
2.介词+关系代词
1)根据动词选择介词。
Idon’tknowtheforeignerwithwhommyteachershookhands.(或Idon’tknowtheforeignerwhommyteachershookhandswith.)
Note:
who和that不能直接位于介词后作宾语;有的短语动词是不能拆开的,常见的这类短语有:
lookfor,lookafter等。
ThisisthepencilthatMaLiliislookingfor.(R)
ThisisthepencilforwhichMaLiliislooking.(W)
2)根据先行词选择介词。
介词和先行词之间构成习惯搭配,介词一般位于关系代词之前,和从句中的动词不存在逻辑或意义上的关系。
Hestoodbythewindow,throughwhichhecouldseewhatwashappeningoutside.(thewindow是介词through的逻辑宾语)
3)介词+关系代词有时可转换为关系副词when,why,where等。
Thisisthehouseinwhich/whereChairmanMaooncelived.
Everyoneknowsthereasonforwhich/whytheHighDamwasbuilt.
Istillrememberthedayonwhich/whenwevisitedthetemple.
高考链接
Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,______hewentontoBeijingUniversity.(2007江苏)
A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat
答案与解析:
A从此题语境不难看出两个动作之间具有前后的先后关系,由于后一句为非限制性定语从句,故用afterwhich.原句相当于Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool.AfterithewentontoBeijingUniversity.
3.选用定语从句的关系词时,要看先行词在从句中充当什么成分。
Theeveningthatpeoplespentsingingandplayingmusicwasexciting.(不用when,因为先行词在从句中充当spent的宾语。
)
Thereasonthathetoldusisunbelievable.(不用why,因为先行词在从句中充当told的宾语。
)
TheislandsofBritainthatwevisitedlastyeararemadeupoffourparts.(不用where,因为先行词在从句中充当visited的宾语。
)
4.被关系词所代替的部分不可在从句中复现。
Thefactorywhereheworksthereisalargeone.(应去掉there)
ThisisthefactorywhichwevisiteditlastSunday.(应去掉it)
5.常用that引导定语从句的情况:
1)当先行词中有“人”又有“物”时,关系词用that不用which。
Theyaretalkingaboutthefactory,theleadersandtheworkersthattheyvisitedyesterday.
WemeetuponthelastFridayofeverymonthtotalkaboutpoemsandpoetsthatwelike.
Theyoftentalkabouttheworksandthewritersthatinterestthem.
Thehouseanditsownersthatyoumentionedjustnowarewhat1wanttoknowabout.
2)先行词本身是all,few,little,much,any,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时,关系词多用that。
Don’tthrowawayanythingthatmaybeofsomeuse.
3)先行词指“人”或“物”,并被形容词最高级、序数词或all,no,any,every,little,much,little,theonly,thevery等修饰时通常用that引导定语从句。
ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
Thisisthefirststepthatweshouldtake.
Youaretheverymanthatcandothejobwell.
Maryistheonlygirlthatlikesplayingfootball.
Everyonewho/thatknowshimthinkshighlyofhim.
Nobodythat/whohasbeentherewilleverforgetthebeautyoftheplace.
Thosewho/thatwanttogoraiseyourhandsplease.
Allthatmustbedonehasbeendone.
Ireadsomethingintoday’smorningpaper(that/which)youmaybeinterestedin.
II.Languagepoints
1.HehasrecentlyreturnedfromhisstudiesinChina.他最近刚从中国学习回来。
(p9)
recently
adv.notlongago;lately:
HaveyouseenAnnerecently?
Ihavenotbeensleptwellrecently.-Whendidyouarrive?
-Recently.Myfriend,Herbert,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.
study
n.1)theactofstudyingoneormoresubjects:
Studentsnowhavetospendmuchmoretimeinstudyeveryday.2)asubjectstudied(oftenpl.):
Hewentabroadtofurtherhisstudies.You’vegottogivetimetoyourstudies.你得在学业上下功夫。
Biotechnologyisanewstudy.3)athoroughenquiryinto,esp.includingapieceofwritingon,aparticularsubject:
ShehasmadeastudyofShakespeare’splays.4)aroomusedforstudyingandwork:
Hewasreadinginhisstudy.
2.Davidwasoneofthemosthelpfulstudentsthatweeverhad.(p9)大卫是我们这儿最愿意助人为乐的学生之一。
that引导定语从句,修饰students,若在oneof前加theonly,则定语从句修饰one,从句的谓语动词需用单数。
①Sheisoneofthefewgirlswhohavepassedtheexamination.
②Mr.Herreistheonlyoneoftheforeignexpertswhoworksinthecompany.
相关高考试题(2002上海春招)
Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.
A.areB.havebeenC.isD.hasbeen
解析:
因句中有theonly,所以定语从句修饰one,又因从句的时间状语是forthreeyears,
所以需用完成时态。
答案:
D
3.Uponfinishinghisstudies,hestartedtravellinginChina.(p9)一完成学业,他就开始在中国旅行。
Uponfinishing…=Assoonashefinished…,upon也可换成on,意为“一……就……”。
①Onreachingthecity,hecalledupLester.
②IshallwritetoA.P.Wattonhearingfromyou.
③Onhisarrivalhewentstraighttotheheadmaster.
④Uponhisreturntohishometown,hewenttoworkinthefields.
4.InChinahedevelopedaninterestinteachingEnglish.(p9)在中国他对教英语产生了兴趣。
develop
v.1)(fromorinto)to(causeto)grow,increase,orbecomelargerormorecomplete:
Wearedevelopingnuclearweaponstodoawaywithnuclearweapons.Ihavedevelopedaninterestinhistory.2)tostudyorthinkoutfully,orpresentfully:
I’dliketodevelopthisideaalittlemorefullybeforeIgoontomynextpoint.3)(inphotography)to(causeto)appearonafilmorphotographicpaper:
I’dliketohavethesefilmsdevelopedhere.4)tobringouttheeconomicpossibilitiesof:
Chinaisdevelopingthewest.Theagriculturalscientistdevelopedaheavierrice.
developing发展中的developed发达的developmentn.发展
5.ThepaintingsthatDaviddonatedtotheschoolarebeingdisplayedintheassemblyhall.(p9)大卫捐给学校的图画正在会厅展出。
arebeingdisplayed是被动语态的进行时,表示正在发生的被动动作Themeetingisbeingheldinthehallandyoucangotoattendit.Don’tworry.Thechildrenarebeingtakengoodcareof.
相关高考试题(2001春招)
Anewcinemahere.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.
A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt
解析:
从题意看出,电影院正在建设中,所以用被动语态的进行时。
答案:
D
6.HewillmakeaspeechabouthisexperiencesinChina.(p9)他要就他在中国的经历做一个演讲。
speech
n.1)theactorpowerofspeaking;spokenlanguage:
Theillnessdeprivedhimofthepowerofspeech.Speechisimpossiblewithsomuchnoisearound.Speechissilver,silenceisgold.2)anactofspeakingformallytoagroupoflisteners:
Hegaveaspeechonpeace.Thechairmanwillmakeaclosingspeech.3)thewordssospoken演说词Theminister’sspeechwassenttothenewspapersinadvance.
makeanadvance进步,长进makeacall打电话makeachange改变
makeanexcuse找借口makeanexperiment做实验makeaface/faces做鬼脸makefriends交朋友makeadiscovery发现makeajoke说笑话
makeajourney
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Grammar and usage定语从句高中 usage 定语 从句 高中
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)