大学英语四级分类模拟题370.docx
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大学英语四级分类模拟题370.docx
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大学英语四级分类模拟题370
大学英语四级分类模拟题370
ReadingComprehension
SectionA
ATheNewYorkTimes-CBSNewspollfoundthatalmost90percentofAmericansthinkthathomeownershipisanimportantpartoftheAmericandream.Butonly7percentofAmericans 1 rankedhomeownershipastheirfirstorseconddefinitionoftheAmericandream.Whythe 2 ?
OwningrealestateisimportanttosomeAmericans,butnotasimportant—oras 3 rewarding—aswe'reledtobelieve.
FederalsupportofhomeownershipgreatlyovervaluesitsmeaninginAmericanlife.Throughtaxbreaksandguarantees,thegovernment 4 homeownershiptoitspeakin2004,when69percentofAmericanhouseholdsownedhomes.Subsidiesforhomeownership, 5 themortgage(抵押)interestdeduction,reached$230billionin2009,accordingtotheCongressionalBudgetOffice.Meanwhile,only$60billionintaxbreaksandspendingprograms 6 renters.
Theresultofthisrealestatespendingcraze?
AccordingtotheFederalReserve,Americanrealestatelostmorethan$6trillionin 7 ,oralmost30percent,between2006and2010.OneinfiveAmericanhomeownersisunderwater,owingmoreonamortgagethanwhatthehomeis 8 .
Thosewhoprofitmostfromhomeownershiparedefinitelythelargestsourceofpoliticalcampaign 9 .Insurancecompanies,securitiesandinvestmentfirms,realestateinterests,andcommercialbanksgavemorethan$100milliontofederalcandidatesandpartiesin2011,accordingtotheCenterforResponsivePolitics.
Homeownershipismoreimportantto 10 intereststhanitistomostAmericans,who,accordingtotheresearch,caremoreabout"agoodjob","thepursuitofhappiness"and"freedom".
A.aided F.difference K.rapidly
B.attributed G.expected L.special
C.benefit H.financially M.surveyed
D.boosted I.including N.value
E.contributions J.political O.worth
SectionB
FightUnhealthyFood,NotFatPeople
A.It'shardlybreakingnewsthatjunkfoodisbadforus.Butjusthowbad—andjusthowmuchfoodcompaniesknowabouttheaddictive(添加剂)componentsofcertainfoods,andjusthowmuchtheydeliberatelytargetthemostvulnerableconsumersknowingtheyaredoingdamage—isstillbeingdiscovered.TheNewYorkTimesoffersthelatestinstallmentinthisweekend'smagazinewithanarticleaboutthescienceofjunkfoodaddiction.
B.Nearlyeverythingwrittenaboutfoodinthemainstreammediareliesonthesamenarrative:
Obesityisbad.Thatkindofreportingispartofwhat'skeepingussick.There'snodenyingthefactthattheAmericanpublichasgottenlargerinrecentdecades.Alongwithgettingfatter,we'vealsoseenariseinillnesseslikeheartdiseaseandcertaincancers.Insteadoffocusingonhowourhealthishurting,mostofthemediacoverageusestheterm"obesity",makingthestorymoreaboutweightthanabouthealth—tothepointwhereit'sbecomeanacceptedtruththat"fat"equals"unhealthy".
C.That'snotactuallythecase,though.While"theobesityepidemic"maybeaconvenientcatch-allfortheillnessesandhealthproblemsrelatedtoourfoodchain,it'salazytermandaninaccurateone.Areweactuallyworriedaboutpublichealth?
Orareweoffendedbyfatbodiesthatdon'tmeetourthinideals?
Inallseriousness:
Whatgooddoesafocusonbodysizeactuallydo?
D.Ifwe'reactuallyconcernedabouthealth,thenweshouldfocusonhealth.Theaddictivequalitiesofourfood,thelackofoversight(监督),thehighlevelsofchemicalsandthegovernmentsubsidiestomakepriceslowermakingtheworstfoodsthemostaccessibleshouldconcernusandspurustoaction.Nutrient-deficient(营养缺乏的)chemically-processed"food"inincreasinglylargersizesisbadforallofourbodies,whetherwe'refatorthinorsomewhereinbetween.Soisthecultureinwhichfastfoodisabletothrive.Americansworkmorethaneverbefore;wetakefewervacationdaysandputinlongerhours,especiallysincetherecessionhit.TheUSremainstheonlyindustrializedcountrywithoutnationalpaidparentalleaveandwithoutcompulsoryannualvacationtime;wealsohavenofederallawrequiringpaidsickdays.85%ofAmericanmenand66%ofwomenworkmorethan40hoursperweek.InNorway,forcomparison,23%ofmenworkmorethan40-hourweeks,andonly7%ofwomen.
E.Despiteallthiswork,Americanincomelevelsremainremarkablydividedintothepoorestandtherichest,withtherichestfewcontrollingnearlyallofthewealth.Inoneofthewealthiestcountriesonearth,oneinsevenpeoplerelyonfederalfoodaid,withmostofthefinancialbenefitsgoingtobigfoodcompanieswhoarealsoabletoproducecheap,nutritionallyquestionablefoodthankstoagriculturalsubsidies.Thepricesoftheworstfoodsareartificiallydepressed,thebigfoodlobbieshaveenormouspower,andthebiggestloseristheAmericanpublic,especiallylow-incomefolkswhospendlargerproportionsoftheirincomeonfoodbutfacesystematicimpediments(妨碍)tohealthyeatingandexercise.
F.Withdemandingworkdays,littletimeoffanddisproportionateamountsofourincomesgoingtowardthingslikehealthinsuranceandchildcarethatothercountriesprovideatalowercost,isitanysurprisethatweeatfast-foodbreakfastonourlapsinthecarandpreferdinneroptionsthatarequickandcheap?
G.Reformingourfoodsystemrequiresmajorstructuralchanges,notjustsayingnotoputdownthatbagofchips.Weneedtopushbackagainstcorporateinterests.Foodcompaniesareincrediblygoodatpositingthemselvesascrusaders(拥护者)forpersonalchoiceandentitiessimplydedicatedtogivingthepublicwhatitwants.Somehow,bigfoodcompanieshaveconvincedusthatdrinkinga32ozsodaisamatterofpersonalliberty,andthatthegovernmenthasnoplaceinregulatinghowmuchliquidsugarcanbesoldinasinglecontainer.
H.Infact,weknow—andtheycertainlyknow—thathumanbeingsareremarkablybadatjudginghowmuchwe'reeating.Foodcompaniesusethatinformationtoencourageover-consumption,andtotargetcertainconsumerswhotendtohavelessdisposableincometoinvestinhealthyfood—poorpeople,peopleofcolor,kids.
I.Foodisasocialjusticeissuethathasdisproportionatelynegativeimpactsongroupsalreadyfacinghardship.Thatshouldbeanissueforeverysociallyconsciousperson.Butwhenlookingatthelargenumberofproblemscausednotonlybyourbigfoodindustrybutbythepoliciesthatenablethemandourculturalnormsthatincentivizepoorhealthchoices,toomanypeoplesimplyturn"obesity"intotheboogeyman(鬼怪).Doctorsevenblamefatnessforallsortsofmedicalconditionsandpeopledon'tgetpropertreatment.Fatwomengotothedoctorlessoftenforroutinecancerscreenings,andpatientsreportdoctorsfocusingontheirweightandignoringrealmedicalproblemslikebrokenbonesandasthma(哮喘).
J.Onthepolicyside,promotersoflawsthatincentivizehealthorpushbackoncorporatefoodinterestssuchasMichelleObama'sLet'sMove!
initiative,bansonextra-largesodas,andextraSNAPbenefitsatfarmer'smarketsinevitablytarget"obesity"intheircampaigns.Thatstrategyhastheeffectofmaligning(诽谤)thebeautyofcertainbodiesinsteadofencouragingeveryonetobehealthierandcounteringtheenormousinfluenceofbigcompanies.Asaresult,manypeoplewhoshouldbethenaturalalliesofhealth-promotinginitiativesareputoffbytheshamingfatlanguage.
K."Obesityepidemic"languagehasalsofedintotheideaofbodysizeandeatinghabitsassocialgroup.Thinnerkale-eatingeliteliberalsintheNortheastaretryingtoforce-feedcabbagetoheavierrealAmericansintheSouthandMidwest.Noonewinswiththatkindofculturalpolarization.
L.Yes,let'spushbackagainstbigfoodcompaniesandquestiontheiroutsizedinfluenceinWashingtonandinourdailylives,andlet'sfocusonmakinghealthyfoodmorewidelyaccessible.Let'srealizethatthechallengesextendbeyondjustwhatweeat.Let'sfightforthehumane(仁爱的)workpoliciesthatwillmakeusallhealthier.
M.Butlet'sdothatbecausepublichealthisallofourconcern,notbecauseit'sculturallyeasytopointthefingeratfatpeople.Givingeverymemberofasocietythechancetobeashealthyaspossibleisamoralgood.Itsavesmoneyanditsaveslives.Solet'sdoittherightwayandthemosteffectivewaywithoutlazilyrelyingontheword"obesity".
11、Asasocialjusticeproblem,foodnegativelyimpactsongroupswhoalreadyhavehadadifficultlife.
12、Theword"obesity"usedbymostmediacoverageshowstheyconcernlessaboutourhealththanourweight.
13、Weshouldconcentrateonmakingpeoplehavemoreaccesstohealthyfood.
14、Inoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld,oneinsevenAmericansliveonfederalfoodaid.
15、Amongtheindustrializedcountries,theUSistheonlyonethathasnonationalpaidparentalleaveandcompulsoryannualvacationtime.
16、Thesameideaaboutfoodinthemainstreammediaisbasedonthedescriptionthatobesityisnotgood.
17、Theterm"obesityepidemic"haspromotedtheideaofbodysizeandeatinghabitsassocialgroup.
18、Tomakestructuralchangesinourfoodsystem,weneedtofightagainstfoodcompanies'interests.
19、Itisthegovernmentsubsidiestolowerthepricesoffoodthatmadetheworstfoodsthemostobtainable.
20、Itisamoralgoodtooffereveryoneinthesocietytheopportunitytobeashealthyastheycould.
SectionC
PassageOne
Instinctively,thefirstthingwew
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