专四语法复习从句篇.docx

专四语法复习从句篇.docx

《专四语法复习从句篇.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专四语法复习从句篇.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

专四语法复习从句篇

从句专题

从句引导词的确定

从句引导词通常起两个作用①引导和连接主从句

2在从句中作某种成分

答题依据：

看它在句中做什么成分、表达什么意义

（一）主语从句

引导词：

从属连词—that,whether

连接代词—what,which,who,whom连接畐【J词—when,where,why,how

1

called“equality”doesn'treallymeanequal

CthatDone

Thatheisalwaysreadytohelpothersisknowntoall.

2Insomecountries,is

rightforequalpeople.

AwhichBwhat

答案B

（二）宾语从句

引导词：

从属连词—that,whether,if

连接代词一what,which,who,whom（词尾加-ever加强语气）

连接畐词—when,where,why,how

1Bysuccess,Idon'tmeanusuallythoughtofwhenthatwordis

used.

AwhatisBthatweCasyouDallis

2Weagreedtoaccepttheythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.

AwhicheverBwhoeverCwhateverDwhomever

3Thebasicfeaturesofcommunicationprocessareidentifiedinone

question:

whosaysthroughwhatchanneltowhom?

AwhatBhowCwhenDsuch

4AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccess,shewonderswill

happenonherprivatelife.

以…

with

5Theyalwaysgivethevacantseatstocomefirst.

AwhoeverBwhomeverCwhoDwhom

答案：

ABADA

（三）表语从句

引导词：

从属连词—that,whether,if

连接代词—what,which,who,whom

连接畐【J词—when,where,why,how

That'whattheydid./whyIdidn'tcome

Thequestioniswhetherweshallstayornot.

/howwecangetthere.

/whoheis.

/whomheislookingfor.

Thereasonis（that）heisill.

（四）同位语从句

引导词：

从属连词—that,whether

连接畐词—when,where,why,how

that—无意义，不做成分，但不能省略

同位语从句所修饰的名词被称为先行词。

常见先行词有：

idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,question

及表示建议、命令、请求”的词（句中要用虚拟语气）

Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresults.

Therewasthequestionwhereweweretogo.

whatweweretodo.

whenweweretostart.

howwecouldgetthere.

whyweshouldhelpthem.

区别：

同位语从句一解释、说明先行词

定语从句一修饰、限定先行词

1Therearesignsrestaurantsarebecomingmorepopular

families.

AthatBwhichCinwhichDwhose

2Themerefactmostpeoplebelievenuclearwarwouldbemadness

doesnotmeanthatitwillnotoccur.

AwhatBwhichCthatDwhy

答案AC

（五）定语从句

1定语从句引导词起三个作用：

1连接作用

2在从句中作某种成分

3替代先行词（因此从句中不能再有先行词或其代词）

2引导词：

关系代词一that,which,who,whom,as,whose

关系畐【J词一when,where,why—介词+关系代词which

n.短语+从句：

themoment/eachtime/thedistanee…+…

that,which:

先行词为事、物，在句中可作主语、宾语；

who,whom:

先行词为人，在句中可作主语、宾语；

whose:

先行词为人、事、物，在句中作定语；

as—先行词被thesame,such修饰或先行词本身就是thesame,such

--引导非限定性定语从句，代替整个句子，在从句中作主语或宾语

Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichImetherforthefirsttime.

Thatwastheyearwhen/inwhichhewasborn.

Thisistheroomwheretheylivedfortenyears.

that/whichtheylivedinfortenyears.

inwhichtheylivedfortenyears.

Asiswellknown,Romeisnotbuiltinaday.

Asweallknow,Romeisnotbuiltinaday.

1Thisisthecity.

AIliketovisititmostBIliketovisitmost

CImostliketovisitDImostliketovisitit

2Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,overall

consumptionissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.

AwhoseBwhichCthatDwhat

3Thehoursthechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwith

TVpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.

AwhenBonwhichCthatDinwhich

答案：

BAC

3只用that:

①先行词既包括人又包括物

②先行词前有不定代词修饰或先行词本身为指物不定代词/复合不

定代词时

3先行词前有表示唯一概念的词修饰时

4先行词被序数词、adj.最高级修饰时

5先行词为疑问pron.时

Hetalkedloudlyofthemenandthebooksthatattractedhim.

Allthatglittersisnotgold.

Thereislittle/nothingthatIcando.

Heistheonlypersonthatisreliable.

Whothathavestudiedwithhimdonotadmirehim?

Nothingisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.

4介词+关系代词

不定pron./数词+介词+关系代词which/whom/whose+n.

解题依据：

①介词与关系代词（即先行词）为固定搭配

2介词与从句中某一词为固定搭配

1Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogresswhichsubsequently

therewasnothingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.

AtoBforCinDfrom

2Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextentwhichapricechange

willaffectsupplyanddemand.

AfromBtoCforDwith

3Iboughtadozeneggs,brokewhenIdroppedtheboxatthe

door.

AsixeggsBsixeggsofthem

4

Heintroducedmetohisstudents,offeredtogowithme

asa

guide.

5

Theresidents,hadbeendamagedbythefire,weregivenhelpby

theRedCross.

6Thisisthetheorywhichhisexperimentisbased.

AfromBtoConDfor

答案：

ABDCDC

（六）状语从句

1时间状语从句

常见引导词:

when,while,until/till,as,before,after,since,whenever,

assoonas,once,each/everytimenosooner…than…

hardly/scarcely…when…

考点：

when—正在这时…

before/after:

Itisalongtimebefore/after•…

since:

Itis/was…sinee（•完成时）…

until/till①not…until…

2强调句式：

Itis/wasnotuntil+从句+that+主句

3not提到句首，句子倒装—

Notuntil+时间状语（从句）+部分倒装的主句

nosooner…than…&hardly/scarcely…when…

1时态：

主句--过去完成时；从句--过去时

2否定副词提到句首，句子要部分倒装

1）IhadjuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclothesI

heardvoices.

AasBwhenCafterDwhile

2）Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthehillweallsatdownto

rest.

AwhenBthenCthanDuntil

3）Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,and

thisisespeciallytrueitcomestoclassroomtests.

AwhenBsinceCbeforeDafter

4）Amanescapedfromtheprisonlastnight.Itwasalongtimethe

guardsdiscoveredwhathadhappened.

AbeforeBuntilCsinceDafter

5）Youseethelightningithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.

AtheinstantBforaninstant

ContheinstantDinaninstant

6）Itwasalmost10yearsIhadseenherlasttime.

AbeforeBafterCwhenDsince

答案：

BCAAAD

2地点状语从句

常见引导词：

where,wherever

Boysalwaysgotoswimwherethewaterisdeep.

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

3原因状语从句

常见弓丨导词：

because,as,for（并列句），since,that,inthat,nowthat

seeing（that）…;given（that）…

Shewasdisappointedthatherserviceshadbeenoverlookedbyhersuperiors.

Givenherinterestinchildren/

Given（that）sheisinterestedinchildren,I'msureteachingistheright

careerforher.

Seeing（that）hewasbetter,theydidn'tsendforthedoctor.

because着重指直接的原因或理由，其所引导的从句为全句的重心，用以直接回答why的问题，在本组词中语气最强。

既可放在句首，也可放在主句之后。

JustbecauseIdon'tcomplain,youmustn'tsupposethatI'msatisfied.

Hehadtoaskhisneighborforaridebecausehiscarwasbeingrepaired.

as多用于口语中，使用本词引导的从句时，主句为全句的重心，从句只是附带—地指出原因或理由，语气比because和since弱，通常用于句首，如放在主句后，所说明的原因一般是对方知道的。

Ashewasn'treadyintime,wewentwithouthim.

Weremainedathomeasitwasraining.

for着重指附加或推断的理由、根据、解释，连接的是相对独立的并列句，不能

用于句首。

Iaskedhertostaytotea,forIhadsomethingtotellher.

since可放在句首或主句之后，有时与as同义，有让步的含义，着重指双方均已熟悉或稍加分析既可明白的理由，有时也指产生行动的自然原因，口语中较为少用。

Sinceeveryoneishere,let'sbeginourclass.

Sincewe'venomoney,wecan'tbuyit.

4结果状语从句

常见的引导词：

so（并列句）,that,sothat…;so…that…;such…that…；

Itwassocoldthattheriverhadfrozen.

ItwassuchaninterestingstorythatIcouldn'tstopreadingit.

5目的状语从句

常见弓丨导词：

that,sothat…;inorderthat…;

lest,forfearthat…;incase#拟语气）

Mandoesnotlivethathemayeat,buteatsthathemaylive.

Hereismytelephonenumbersothatyoucancallmewhenyouarrive

herenexttime.

Theyhadtogetupveryearlyinorderthattheywouldn'tmisstheexpresstrain.

I'IIbekindtoherlestshedecidetoleaveme.

Hejottedthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.

Here'ssomemoneyincaseyoushouldneedit.

6条件状语从句

常见弓丨导词：

if,uniess,as/solongas,incase,onconditionthat,

providing/provided（that）…

suppose/supposing（that）…

Youcan'tpasstheexamunlessyouworkharder.

fitrainstomorrow,Iwillgotoschoolbytaxi.

Icanlendyoumydictionaryaslongasyoucankeepitclean.

Pleaseletmeknowincasehecomes.

Shewouldbepreparedtocometotheparty,provided/providingthatshe

couldbringherdaughter.

Supposing/Supposeallthedoorswerelocked,howwouldyougetintothehouse?

7让步状语从句

常见弓丨导词：

though,although,as,evenif/though,while

forallthat...（尽管…）；whether…or…;

nomatter+特殊疑问词/特殊疑问词+-ever

Evenifitisrainingveryhard,hewouldstillgototakecareoftheyoung

treesintheschoolyard.

Heisagoodcomradeforallthathemayhaveshortcomingsandfaults.

注：

1as引导让步状语从句，须用倒装语序。

倒装情况：

a把从句中作表语的adj./n.提到句首；若表语为单数可数名词,

提前时要省略（即去掉）不定冠词

b把从句中作状语的adv.提到句首

c有时把从句中的谓语动词原形提到句首

Difficultastheworkwas,itwasfinishedontime.

Childasheis,hecanspeakEnglishfluently.

MuchasIrespecthim,Ican'tagreetohissuggestion.

Failashedid,hewouldtryagain.

2though引导让步状语从句可倒装可不倒装；although引导让步状语从句不能倒装

Verylatethoughitwas,theywentonworking./

Thoughitwasverylate,theywentonworking.

Airexistseverywherealthoughwecan'tseeit.

3nomatte叶特殊疑问词/特殊疑问词+-ever引导让步状语从句，从句中有时要用虚拟语气：

may+动词原形或直接用动词原形；有时还要用倒装语序。

注意词序：

nomatterhow/however+adj./adv.+…

nomatterwhat/whatever+n._+…

Howeverrichpeopleare,theyalwaysseemanxioustomakemoney.

Nomatterwhatdifficultieswemayhave,wehaveconfideneein

ourselves.

Whatevermaycome,wewon'tleavetheworkhalfdone.—

Comewhatmay,wewon'tleavetheworkhalfdone.

Whoeveryoube,youhavenorighttodosuchathing.

4whether•-or…引导让步状语从句，常省略whether，且把动词原形be提到句首。

Berichorpoor,heiskindtoeverybody.（Whetherheisrichorpoor）

Befriendorfoe,thelawregardshimascriminal.（Whetherheisafriend

orafoe,…）

8方式状语从句

常见引导词：

as,asif/though（有时用虚拟语气）

WheninRome,doas_theRomansdo.

Helooksasifheisill.（Heisreallyill.）

Hetalksasifhewereascholar.（Infact,heisnotascholar.）

Hespeaksasifhehadseenitwithhisowneyes.（Actually,hedidn't

seeitatall.）

Itlooksasifitmightrain.

9比较状语从句

常见弓丨导词：

as/so…as…;…than…；Themore…，themore…thesame…as…;thesameas…;such…as…HeknewaboutthenewcomerasmuchasIdid.

Hefin