电子信息工程专业智能交通信号灯控制毕业外文文献翻译及原文.docx
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电子信息工程专业智能交通信号灯控制毕业外文文献翻译及原文.docx
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电子信息工程专业智能交通信号灯控制毕业外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计(论文)
外文文献翻译
文献、资料中文题目:
智能交通信号灯控制
文献、资料英文题目:
IntelligentTrafficLightControl
文献、资料来源:
文献、资料发表(出版)日期:
院(部):
专业:
电子信息工程
班级:
姓名:
学号:
指导教师:
翻译日期:
2017.02.14
英文文献翻译
英语原文
IntelligentTrafficLightControl
byMarcoWiering
ThetopicIpickedforourcommunityprojectwastrafficlights.Inacommunity,peopleneedstopsignsandtrafficlightstoslowdowndriversfromgoingtoofast.Iftherewerenotrafficlightsorstopsigns,people’sliveswouldbeindangerfromdriversgoingtoofast.
Theurbantraffictrendstowardsthesaturation,therateofincreaseoftheroadofbigcityfarlagsbehindrateofincreaseofthecar.
Theurbanpassengertraffichasalreadybecomethemainpartofcitytrafficdaybydayandithasusedabout80%oftheareaofroadofcenterdistrict.Withtheincreaseofpopulationandindustryactivity,people'strafficismoreandmorefrequent,whichisunavoidable.Whatmeansoftransportationpeopleadoptproducespressurecompletelydifferenttocitytraffic.Accordingtocalculating,ifitis1toadopttheareaofroadthatthepublictransportneeds,bikeneeds5-7,carneeds15-25,eventowalkis3timesmorethantotakepublictransits.Soonlybybuildingroadcan'tsolvethecitytrafficproblemfinallyyet.Everylargecityoftheworldincreasesthetrafficpolicytothefirstplaceofthequestion.
Forexample,accordingtocalculating,whentheautomobileowningamountofShanghaireaches800,000(outsidecarscountseparately),ifitdistributesstillasnowforexample:
centerdistrictaccountsforgreatproportion,evenwhenseveralloop-linesandarterialhighwayshavebeenbuiltup,thetrafficcannotbeimprovedmorethanbeforeandthesituationmightbeevenworse.SothetrafficpolicyShanghaimustadopt,orcalledtrafficstrategyisthathaveprioritytodeveloppublicpassengertrafficofcity,narrowthescopeofusingofthebicycleprogressively,controlthescaleofgrowthofthecartrafficinthecenterdistrict,limitthedevelopmentofthemotorcyclestrictly.
Therearemoremunicipalsprojectunderconstructioninbigcity.theinfluenceonthetrafficisgreater.
Municipalinfrastructureconstructionisoriginallyagoodthingofalleviatingthetraffic,butinthecourseofconstructing,itunavoidablyinfluencethelocaltraffic.Someroadsectionsareblocked,somechangeintoanone-waylane,thusthevehiclecanonlytakeadeviousroute.Theconstructionmakestheroadverynarrow,formingthebottleneck,whichseriouslyinfluencethecarflow.
Whenhavingstopsignsandtrafficlights,peoplehaveatendencytodriveslowerandlookoutforpeoplewalkinginthemiddleofstreets.Toputatrafficlightorastopsigninacommunity,ittakesalotofworkandplanningfromthecommunityandthecitytoputonein.Itisnotcheaptodoiteither.Thecommunityfirstneedstotakeapetitionaroundtoeveryoneinthecommunityandhavethemsignsotheycantakeittotheboardwhenthenextcitycouncilmeetingis.Acoupleresidentswillpresentittotheboard,andtheywilldecideweatherornottoputitinornot.Ifnotputinalotofresidentsmightbemadandbadthingscouldhappenedtothatpartofthecity.
Whentheplanningofputtingtrafficlightsandstopsigns,youshouldlookatthesubdivisionplanandfigureoutwhereallthebuildingsandschoolsarefortheprotectionofstudentswalkingandridinghomefromschool.Inourplanthatwehavemade,wewillneedtrafficlightsnexttotheschool,sopeoplewilllookoutforthestudentsgoinghome.Wewillneedastopsignnexttotheparkincasekidsrunoutinthestreet.Thiswillhelptheprotectionofthekidshavingfun.Willneedatrafficlightseparatingthemallandthestore.Thiswillbethebusiestpartofthetownwithpeoplegoingtothemallandthestore.Andfinallytherewillneedtobeastopsignattheendofthestreetssopeopledon’tdrivetoofastandgetinabigaccident.Ifthisisdowneveryonewillbesafedriving,walking,orridingtheirbikes.
Inputtinginatrafficlight,ittakesalotofplanningandmoneytocompleteit.Atrafficlightcostaround$40,000to$125,000andsometimesmoredependingonthelocation.Ifabusinessgoesinandatrafficlightneedstogoin,thebusinessorbusinesseswillhavetopaysomemoneytopayforittomakesureeveryoneissafegoingfromandtothatbusiness.Alsoifthereistoomanyaccidentsinoneparticularplaceinacity,atrafficlightwillgointosafepeoplefromgettingasevereaccidentandendingtheirlifeandmaybesomeoneelse’s.
ThereasonIpickedthispartofourcommunitydevelopmentreportwasthattrafficisaveryimportantpartofacity.Ifnotfortrafficlightsandstopsigns,people’sliveswouldbeindangereverytimetheywalkedouttheirdoors.Peoplewillbedrivingextremelyfastandpeoplewillbehitjusttryingtohavefunwiththeirfriends.Sohavingtrafficlightsandstopsignsthiswillpreventallthisfromhappening.
Trafficinacityisverymuchaffectedbytrafficlightcontrollers.Whenwaitingforatrafficlight,thedriverloosestimeandthecarusesfuel.Hence,reducingwaitingtimesbeforetrafficlightscansaveourEuropeansocietybillionsofEurosannually.Tomaketrafficlightcontrollersmoreintelligent,weexploittheemergenceofnoveltechnologiessuchascommunicationnetworksandsensornetworks,aswellastheuseofmoresophisticatedalgorithmsforsettingtrafficlights.Intelligenttrafficlightcontroldoesnotonlymeanthattrafficlightsaresetinordertominimizewaitingtimesofroadusers,butalsothatroadusersreceiveinformationabouthowtodrivethroughacityinordertominimizetheirwaitingtimes.Thismeansthatwearecopingwithacomplexmulti-agentsystem,wherecommunicationandcoordinationplayessentialroles.Ourresearchhasledtoanovelsysteminwhichtrafficlightcontrollersandthebehaviourofcardriversareoptimizedusingmachine-learningmethods.
Ourideaofsettingatrafficlightisasfollows.Supposethereareanumberofcarswiththeirdestinationaddressstandingbeforeacrossing.Allcarscommunicatetothetrafficlighttheirspecificplaceinthequeueandtheirdestinationaddress.Nowthetrafficlighthastodecidewhichoption(ie,whichlanesaretobeputongreen)isoptimaltominimizethelong-termaveragewaitingtimeuntilallcarshavearrivedattheirdestinationaddress.Thelearningtrafficlightcontrollerssolvethisproblembyestimatinghowlongitwouldtakeforacartoarriveatitsdestinationaddress(forwhichthecarmayneedtopassmanydifferenttrafficlights)whencurrentlythelightwouldbeputongreen,andhowlongitwouldtakeifthelightwouldbeputonred.Thedifferencebetweenthewaitingtimeforredandthewaitingtimeforgreenisthegainforthecar.Nowthetrafficlightcontrollerssetthelightsinsuchawaytomaximizetheaveragegainofallcarsstandingbeforethecrossing.Toestimatethewaitingtimes,weuse'reinforcementlearning'whichkeepstrackofthewaitingtimesofindividualcarsandusesasmartwaytocomputethelongtermaveragewaitingtimesusingdynamicprogrammingalgorithms.Onenicefeatureisthatthesystemisveryfair;itneverletsonecarwaitforaverylongtime,sincethenitsgainofsettingitsownlighttogreenbecomesverylarge,andtheoptimaldecisionofthetrafficlightwillsethislighttogreen.Furthermore,sinceweestimatewaitingtimesbeforetrafficlightsuntilthedestinationoftheroaduserhasbeenreached,theroadusercanusethisinformationtochoosetowhichnexttrafficlighttogo,therebyimprovingitsdrivingbehaviourthroughacity.Notethatwesolvethetrafficlightcontrolproblembyusingadistributedmulti-agentsystem,wherecooperationandcoordinationaredonebycommunication,learning,andvotingmechanisms.Toallowforgreenwavesduringextremelybusysituations,wecombineouralgorithmwithaspecialbucketalgorithmwhichpropagatesgainsfromonetrafficlighttothenextone,inducingstrongervotingonthenexttrafficcontrolleroption.
Figure1:
Optimalcontroloftrafficlights.
Wehaveimplementedthe'GreenLightDistrict',atrafficsimulatorinJavainwhichinfrastructurescanbeeditedeasilybyusingthemouse,anddifferentlevelsofroadusagecanbesimulated.Alargenumberoffixedandlearningtrafficlightcontrollershavealreadybeentestedinthesimulatorandtheresultingaveragewaitingtimesofcarshavebeenplottedandcompared.Theresultsindicatethatthelearningcontrollerscanreduceaveragewaitingtimeswithatleast10%insemi-busytrafficsituations,andevenmuchmorewhenhighcongestionofthetrafficoccurs.
Wearecurrentlystudyingthebehaviourofthelearningtrafficlightcontrollersonmanydifferentinfrastructuresinoursimulator.WearealsoplanningtocooperatewithotherinstitutesandcompaniesintheNetherlandstoapplyoursystemtorealworldtrafficsituations.Forthis,moderntechnologiessuchascommunicatingnetworkscanbebroughttouseonaverylargescale,makingthenecessarycommunicationbetweenroadusersandtrafficlightspossible.
中文翻译:
智能交通信号灯控制
马克·威宁
我所选择的社区项目主题是交通灯。
在一个社会,人们需要停车标志和交通灯,以减缓司机从走得太快。
如果没有交通灯或停止的标志,驾驶员将开得很快以至于威胁到人们的生活。
大城市的交通问题是越来越严重,原因有很多方面共同造成的。
在接近饱和的城市交通的趋势,大的城市道路增长速度远远落后于汽车的增长速度。
城市客运交通已经成为城市交通日新月异的主要组成部分,它使用了约80对中心区道路面积%。
随着人口和产业活动的增加,人们的交通越来越频繁,这是不可避免的。
什么样的交通设施产生压力的手段采取完全不同的城市交通。
据计算,如果采用的是1区的道路公共交通的需求,自行车需要5-7,汽车需要15-25,甚至步行3倍多乘搭公共过境。
因此,通过修建道路并不能最终解决城市交通问题。
世界的每一个大城市都把处理该市交通问题当成最重要的事情来对待。
当有停车标志和交通灯,人们有一种倾向会把车开慢点开慢点,并向四周看看,是否有人们在街道中走出。
把一个交通灯,或在一个社区停止的标志,它需要从社会上大量的工作,
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