高考英语重难点突破训练阅读理解之说明文.docx
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高考英语重难点突破训练阅读理解之说明文.docx
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高考英语重难点突破训练阅读理解之说明文
高考英语重难点突破训练
Ateamofinternationalscientistsisduetosetofffortheworld’sbiggesticeberginamissionaimingtoanswerfundamentalquestionsabouttheimpactofclimatechangeinthepolarregions.Thescientists,ledbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS),aretryingtoreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.
Lastyear,partoftheLarsenCiceshelfcalved(崩解)away,formingahugeiceberg-A68--whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon,andrevealinglifebeneathforthefirsttime.Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.MarinebiologistDrKatrinLinsefromtheBASisleadingthemission.
“ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelifeasitrespondstoahugeenvironmentchange,”shesaid.“Itisimportantthatwegettherequicklybeforetheunderseaenvironmentchangesassunlightentersthewater.”
ProfessorDavidVaughan,sciencedirectorattheBAs,said,“Weneedtobebold(大胆的)onthisone.LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthere’slotsofseaiceinthearea,butthisisimportantscience,sowewilltryourbesttogettheteamwheretheyneedtobe.HesaidclimatechangehadalreadyaffectedtheseaaroundAntarcticaandiswarmingsomecoastalwaters.“Futurewarmingmaymakesomehabitatswarm.Wherethesehabitatssupportuniquespeciesthatareadaptedtolovethecoldandnotthewarm,thosespeciesaregoingtoeithermoveordie.”
ThereisgrowingconcernaboutthepossibleimpactofclimatechangeintheAntarctic.Earlierthismonth,areportrevealedthatmeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaarespeedingupthealreadyfastpaceofthesealevelrise.Theresearch,publishedbytheNationalAcademiesofScience,EngineeringandMedicine,said,“Atthecurrentrate,theworld’soceanwillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.”However,itfoundthattheprocessisaccelerating,andmorethanthreequartersoftheaccelerationsince1993isduetomeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica,thestudyshows.
1.Whyarethescientistseagertogototheiceberg?
A.Tostudyhowtheicebergwasformed.
B.Tostudyanewlydiscoveredecosystem.
C.Toexploreanewwaytopreventclimatechange.
D.ToexplorethegeographyoftheLarsenCiceshelf.
2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisone”inthefourthparagraphreferto?
A.TheLarsenCiceshelf.
B.ClimatechangeinAntarctica.
C.TheA68icebergwiththeecosystembeneathit.
D.TheconditionofanimalspeciesinAntarctica.
3.WhatcanwelearnabouttheA68icebergfromthetext?
A.ItisasbigasLondon.
B.ItispartofaniceshelfintheArctic.
C.Itwilldisappearinaveryshorttime.
D.IthasuncoveredanunknownecosysteminAntarctica.
4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.ThereisnoneedtoworryaboutclimatechangeinAntarctica.
B.TheicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaaremeltingatasteadyrate.
C.Manycreatureslivingindeepwaterwilldieoutduetoclimatechange.
D.By2100,thesealevelwillhaverisentoamuchhigherlevelthannow.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68iceberg。
冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。
1.B【解析】细节理解题。
由第二段Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.可知,科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的海洋生态系统。
故选B。
2.C【解析】词义猜测题。
由第三段ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelife...可知A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究海洋生物的独一无二的机会,所以ProfessorDavidVaughan认为科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会,故thisone指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统。
故选C。
3.D【解析】细节理解题。
由第二段…whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon…可知A选项错误。
由第四段LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthere’slotsofseaiceinthearea…可知拉森C冰架位于南极地区,B选项错误。
由第一段toreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.可知D选项正确。
C选项在文中没有提到。
4.D【解析】推理判断题。
由最后一段…Atthecurrentrate,theworld’soceanswillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.可推测D选项正确。
Collegevisitsareimportant.Beforeyoucommityearsofyourlifeandmoneytoaschool,besureyou’rechoosingaplacethatisagoodmatchforyourpersonalityandinterests.Youcan’tgetthe“feel”ofaschoolfromanyguidebook,sobesuretovisitthecampus.Belowareafewtipsforgettingthemostoutofyourcollegevisit.
ExploreonYourOwn
Ofcourseyoushouldtaketheofficialcampustour,butbesuretoallowtimetohangaroundonyourown.Thetrainedtourguideswillshowyouaschool’ssellingpoints.Buttheoldestandprettiestbuildingsdon’tgiveyoutheentirepictureofacollege.Trytowalktheextramileandgetthecompletepictureofthecampus.
ReadtheBulletinBoards
Whenyouvisitthestudentcenter,academicbuildingsandresidencehalls,takeafewminutestoreadthebulletinboards.Theyprovideaneasywaytoseewhat’shappeningoncampus.Theadsforlectures,clubsandplayscantellyouwhat’sgoingonoutsidetheclassrooms.
EatintheDiningHall
Youcangetagoodfeelforstudentlifebyeatinginthedininghall.Trytositwithstudentsifyoucan.Dothestudentsseemhappyorstressed?
Also,isthefoodgood?
Arethereadequatehealthyoptions?
Manyadmissionofficeswillgiveprospectivestudentscoupons(优惠券)forfreemealsinthedininghalls.
VisitaClassinYourMajor
Ifyouknowwhatyouwanttostudy,aclassvisitmakesalotofsense.You’llgettoobserveotherstudentsinyourfieldandseehowinvolvedtheyareinclassroomdiscussion.Trytostayafterclassforafewminutesandchatwiththestudentstogettheirimpressionsoftheirprofessorsandmajor.Besuretocallinadvancetoscheduleaclassroomvisit-mostcollegesdon’tallowvisitorstodropinatclassunannounced.
TalktoLotsofStudents
Yourcampustourguidehasbeentrainedtomarkettheschool.Trytotalktostudentswhoaren’tgettingpaidtoimpressyou.Theseimportantconversationscanoftenprovideyouwithinformationaboutcollegelifethatisn’tpartoftheadmissionscript.Fewuniversityofficialswilltellyouiftheirstudentsspendallweekenddrinkingorstudying,butagroupofrandomstudentsmight.
Formoretips,pleasegotocollegeapps.about.com.
5.Thebestwaytoknowaboutacollegeinanofficialcampustouris______________.
A.towalkaroundthecampusaloneB.totakepicturesofthecampus
C.tovisittheoldestandprettiestbuildingsD.tohireatrainedtourguide
6.Readingthebulletinboardscanhelpyou______________.
A.decide-themajoryouwanttostudy
B.findouttheafter-classactivitiesoncampus
C.getfreecouponsfromtheadmissionoffices
D.findouttheoptionsofhealthyfood
7.Ifyouplantoattendaclassoncampus,____________.
A.dropinataclassinyourmajor
B.havetalkswithstudentsbeforeclass
C.makeanappointmentinadvance
D.asktheprofessorforpermission
8.Togetarealideaofthecollegeduringavisit,it’sbesttotalkto_____________.
A.famousprofessorsB.campustourguides
C.admissionofficersD.randomstudents
9.Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?
A.Anewsreport.B.Atouristposter.
C.Aneducationaljournal.D.Ageographicalmagazine.
【文章大意】本文属于说明文,本文对上大学之前需要了解的信息给出了一些建议,可以自行探索,阅读公告栏,在餐厅试吃,旁听课程和与其他同学交谈。
5.A【解析】细节理解题。
根据第一个标题下的第一句中的"butbesuretoallowtimetohangaroundonyourown"可知,要想了解一所大学,最好能独自在校园逗留一段时间。
故选A。
6.B【解析】细节理解题。
根据第二个标题下的Theyprovideaneasywaytoseewhat’shappeningoncampus,可知,公告栏可以让你了解校园课外活动的相关信息。
故选B。
7.C【解析】细节理解题。
根据第四个标题下的Besuretocallinadvancetoscheduleaclassroomvisit-mostcollegesdon’tallowvisitorstodropinonclassunannounced。
可知,并不是所有的课都可以旁听的,你需要提前预约。
故选C。
8.D【解析】细节理解题。
根据第五个标题下的You’llgettoobserveotherstudentsinyourfieldandseehowinvolvedtheyareinclassroomdiscussion可知,要想真正了解一所大学的情况,最好能随机地和一些学生交谈。
故选D。
9.C【解析】推理判断题。
根据全文内容可知,本文对上大学之前需要了解的信息给出了一些建议,所以最有可能来自教育期刊。
故选C。
AgainstthesuppositionthatforestfiresinAlaska,CanadaandSiberiawarmtheclimate,scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallowmoresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospace.
Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforesttolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions.Usuallylargefiresdestroyedforestsintheseareasoverthepastdecade.Scientistspredictthatwithclimatewarming,firesmayoccurmorefrequentlyovernextseveralcenturiesasaresultofalongerfireseason.Sunlighttakeninbytheearthtendstocausewarming,whileheatmirroredbackintospacetendstocausecooling.
Thisisthefirststudytoanalyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimate.Earlierstudiesbyotherscientistshavesuggestedthatfireinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfromburningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.
Scientistsfoundthatrightafterthefire,largeamountsofgreenhousegasesenteredtheatmosphereandcausedwarming.Ozone(臭氧)levelsincreased,andashfromthefirefellonfar-offseaice,darkeningthesurfaceandcausingmoreradiationfromthesuntobetakenin.Thefollowingspring,however,thelandwithintheareaofthefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefire,becausefewertreescoveredtheground.Snowonthegroundmirroredmoresunlightbackintospace,leadingtocooling.
“Weneedtofindoutallpossiblewaystoreducethegrowthofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.”Scientiststrackedthechangeinamountofradiationenteringandleavingtheclimatesystemasaresultofthefire,andfoundameasurementcloselyrelatedtotheglobalairtemperature.Typically,fireinnorthernregionsoccursinthesameareaev
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