大学英语之基础英语综合教程第二册Unit 7 exercise keys.docx
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大学英语之基础英语综合教程第二册Unit 7 exercise keys.docx
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大学英语之基础英语综合教程第二册Unit7exercisekeys
Unit7LettertoaBStudent
Vocabulary
I
1.essence:
innernature;indispensablequality;themostimportantpart本质,实质,精髓
.Hisworksreflecttheessenceoffascism.他的作品反映出法西斯的本质。
2.deadlysins:
sinsleadingtodamnation(InChristianitythephrasespecificallyrefersto“thesevensins”:
pride,covetousness,lust,anger,gluttony,envy,andsloth)
3.misleading:
makingyouthinkoractwrongly误导,误入歧途
.Hedeliberatelymisledusaboutthenatureoftheirrelationship.关于他们究竟是什么关系,他故意给我们留下错误印象。
Thissentencehasmisledusintothinkingthattheanswerwaswrong.这句话误使我们认为那个答案是错误的。
4.conventionaltask:
tasktraditionallyrequiredofstudents传统任务
.Thisconventionaltaskissoeasythatevenapupilcanfinishit.这个传统任务是如此简单,甚至小学生都能完成。
5.inshortsupply:
farfromenough供给不足,缺乏
.Thewaterandfoodfordisasterareaisinshortsupply.这些水和食物给灾区是远远不够的。
Potatoesareinshortsupplybecauseofthebadharvest.由于收成不好,现在马铃薯供应不足。
II
define
irrelevant
correspondto
flunked
rather
makesapointof
aptto
goround
IIIFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.
1.Hisvisionwasnearlyrestoredtonormalaftertheremoval(remove)ofthetumorinhisbrain.
2.Themajorissueoftheconferencewashowtocopewiththesevereconsequencesresultingfromtheclimatic(climate)changesonourplanet.
3.Thiscompanyisintroubleandthelatestplanforitssalvation(salvage)hasfewsupporters.
4.Itissaidinthejobadthatthosewhoapplyforthevacancyshouldhaveproficiency(proficient)inatleasttwolanguages.
5.Don’trelyontheinformationshegaveyou—it’spureassumption(assume)onherpart.
6.Theageofcollegestudentsnormally(norm)rangesfrom18to22.
7.Thegovernment’sinactiontocurbinflationandunemploymentcausedstrongresentment(resent)amongthepublic.
8.TheSichuanearthquaketurnedouttobethemostdisastrous(disaster)onethecountryhaswitnessedinthepastonehundredyears.
removev.消除,除去;脱掉
removablea.可除去的,可移动的
removaln.移动,移居;除去
.我们的家已从北京迁到上海。
OurhomehasremovedfromBeijingtoShanghai.
他脱下帽子表示敬意。
Heremovedhishatasasignofreverence.
climaten.气候;风气
climatica.气候上的
.她很快就适应了这种多变的气候。
Sheadaptedherselfquicklytothechangeableclimate.
salvagev.打捞,抢救
salvageablea.可抢救的,可打捞的
salvationn.得救,拯救;赎罪
.房子里没有什么东西可救的了。
Thereisnothingthatissalvageableinthebuilding.
天气干旱了这么久,这场雨成了农民的救星。
Aftersomuchdryweather,therainhasbeenthefarmer’ssalvation.
proficienta.熟练的,精通的
proficiencyn.熟练,精通
.我可以说对唱歌很在行。
I’dsayIamquiteproficientatsinging.
assumev.假定,设想;承担;认为
assumingconj.假定,假如
assumptionn.假定,设想
.我以为你能讲流利的英语。
IassumedyoucouldspeakEnglishfluently.
假定那是真的,我们现在该怎么办
Assumingthatitistrue,whatshouldwedonow
normn.标准,规范
normala.正常的,正规的
normalityn.常态
normalizev.使正常,使标准化
.过了几天,洪水才退,生活恢复了正常。
Itwasseveraldaysbeforethefloodwatersankandlifereturnedtonormal.
我们的关系正常了。
Ourrelationshiphasbeennormalized.
resentv.憎恨,生气
resentmentn.怨恨,愤恨
resentfula.不满的
resentfulnessn.怨恨,愤恨
.我非常讨厌别人侵占我的时间。
.
Ibitterlyresenttheencroachmentonmytime.
他对所受的待遇感到忿恨。
Heisresentfulatthewayhehasbeentreated.
disastern.灾难
disastrousa.灾难性的
.这场灾难过后,许多人既没有食物又没有住处。
Afterthedisasterthereweremanywhowantedfoodandshelter.
国家的经济形势非常糟糕。
Theeconomicconditionofthecountryisdisastrous.
IV
BDCCBDBD
V.Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.
1.Theessenceofsuccessisthatthere’sneverenoughofittogoroundinazero-sumgamewhereoneperson’swinningmustbeoffsetbyanother’slosing…
Synonym:
balanced,compensated
2.Thelevelofyourproficiencyhasbeendeterminedbyyourperformanceofratherconventionaltasks…
Antonym:
unconventional
3.Buttheyareimportant:
cruciallyso,becausetheyarealwaysinshortsupply.
Antonym:
abundant,plentiful
4.Ifyouvaluethesecharacteristicsinyourself,youwillbevalued—andfarmoresothanthosewhoseidentitiesaremeasuredonlybylittlemarksonapieceofpaper.
Synonym:
evaluated,assessed
5.Therewerealotofusthen:
olderthanthenorm,inahurrytogetourdegreesandmoveon…
Synonym:
average
6.Itisimportanttorecognizethathumanbeings,despitedifferencesinclassandeducationallabeling,arefundamentallyhewnfromthesamematerialandknittogetherbycommonbondsoffearandjoy…
Synonym:
essentially,basically
7.Butthesedistinctionsshouldneverbetakenseriouslyinhumanterms…
Antonym:
lightly,frivolously
8.Eveninachievementterms,yourBlabeldoesnotmeanthatyouarepermanentlydefinedasaBachievementperson.
Antonym:
temporarily
VIPrefix
Writeineachspaceonewordthathasthesameprefixasunderlinedineachgivenword.
1.interfereinternational____2.transcend___translate
3.circumstances____circumference4.neocolonialneoclassical
5.controlconform6.antibioticantisocial
7.unlockundo8.outnumberoutshine
1.Explanation:
inter-:
between
.interaction,interdependent,interconnect
2.Explanation:
trans-:
acrossorbeyond
.transplant,transform,transatlantic
3.Explanation:
circum-:
surrounding
.circumcision,circumlocution,circumspect
4.Explanation:
neo-:
new,inalaterform
.neonatal,neo-fascist,neo-Georgian
5.Explanation:
con-:
strengthenorreinforce
.convince,constrain,conquer
6.Explanation:
anti-:
opposedto,against
.antiwar,antihero,antidote
7.Explanation:
un-:
inverbsthatdescribetheoppositeofaprocess
.unfold,unload,unbend,uncut
8.Explanation:
out-:
greater,better,further,etc.
.outgrow,outlive,outwit
Grammar
1.Disjunct
Adisjunctisatypeofadverbialthatexpressesinformationthatisnotconsideredessentialtothesentenceitappearsin,butwhichisconsideredtobethespeaker’sorwriter’sattitudetowards,ordescriptivestatementof,thepropositionalcontentofthesentence.
Moregenerally,thetermdisjunctcanbeusedtorefertoanysentenceelementthatisnotfullyintegratedintotheclausalstructureofthesentence.Suchelementsusuallyappearperipherally(atthebeginningorendofthesentence)andaresetofffromtherestofthesentencebyacomma(inwriting)andapause(inspeech).
.Honestly,Icouldn’tbelieveit.
Unfortunately,Kimhashadtoleaveus.
IRewritethefollowingsentencesusingproperdisjuncts.
ItishopedthatthereportwillgoouttoshareholdersnolaterthanJune1.
Itisoddenoughthathedidnotraiseanyobjectiontotheplan.
Shewassowisetospendthemoney.
Itisregrettablethebookwasnotwellservedbyitsproof-readers.
Itisstrangeenoughthattheburglarshouldnothavetakenthediamondaway.
Itissadthatoneoftheproblemswithbeingonpublicradioisthatpeopletendtothinkyou’rebeingsincereallthetime.
Key:
Unfortunately,wehaverunoutofstock.
Hopefully,thereportwillgoouttoshareholdersnolaterthanJune1.
Oddlyenough,hedidnotraiseanyobjectiontotheplan.
Rightly,youreturnedthemoney.
Luckily,thishadattractedtheattentionofTVnetworkexecutives.
Fortunately,allwentwell.
Strangelyenough,theburglardidn’ttakethediamondaway.
II
1.Itwasrightthattheyprotestedagainstit./Theywererighttohaveprotestedagainstit.
2.Itwasfoolishthattheboydidn’tsayasingleword./Itwasfoolishoftheboynottosayasingleword./Theboywasfoolishnottosayasingleword.
3.ItwaswisethatJohnsentthemanaway./ItwaswiseofJohntohavesentthemanaway./Johnwaswisetohavesentthemanaway.
4.Itwassadthatthestormdestroyedtheentiretobaccocrop.
5.ItwasremarkablethatMrsJensenconsultedherlawyer.
6.ItisregrettablethatJamesrefusestospeak.
7.Itisluckythatmyassistanthasarrangedforthemattertobeconsideredbyanadhocworkingparty.
8.Itishopedthataproposalwillbereadyintimeforournextmeeting.
IIIRelativewords
Relativewordsareusedtorefertoanounmentionedbeforeandofwhichweareaddingmoreinformation.Theyareusedtojointwoormoresentencesinthewaywecall“relativesentences”.
.Iknowmanyboyswho/thatplayrugby.
Theshirtwhich/thatCarlboughthasastainonthepocket.
ThisistheboywhosemotherworksfortheBBC.
BarnstaplehasaveryoldcoveredmarketwhereIboughtsomelovelyoldplates.
Sundayisthedaywhenpeopleusuallydon’tgotowork.
Iftheverbintherelativeclauseneedsapreposition,weusuallyputitattheendoftheclause:
.Themusicwhich/thatJulielistenstoisgood.
Sometimes,theprepositioncanalsobeplacedbeforetherelativepronoun.
.MybrothermetawomanwithwhomIusedtowork.
Itwasthestreaminwhichtheelephantandthemousepreferredtoswim.
Noticethatwecannotusewhoorthatafterapreposition,fortherelativepronounnowservesastheobjectofthepreposition.
Key:
which/that,when,bywhich
onwhich
that
forwhom
withwhom
towhom
ofwhich
atwhich
IV.
where,where
what,which
what
why
where
When
why
which,which,what
Key:
However
Whatever
whatever
Wherever
Whichever
Whoever
However
whenever,whenever
Translation
I
不管我们的标准是什么,这个标准现在提高了,结果使你对自己没能得到更高的分数而感到失望。
由于缺乏更精确的衡量工具,我们至多只能把B看作一个模糊的符号,表示对你掌握某一科目的程度的判断,不过这种判断的准确性很值得怀疑。
人的阶段属性和教育背景不尽相同,但凡是人都是血肉之躯,都有同样的恐惧感和欢愉感,同样的痛苦感和成就感,这些共通的感受把他们连为一体;认识到这一点十分重要。
然而和你们毕业离校之后将要进入的那片荒蛮无路、起伏跌宕的乡野相比,在校读书就如同一条狭窄坦直、界限分明的公路。
III.Translationexercises
1.他因急性阑尾炎住院治疗,结果连期末考试都没参加。
(withtheresultthat)
Translation:
Hewashospitalizedwithacuteappendicitis,withtheresultthathemissedt
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