从弗洛伊德的三重人格结构理论分析《茶花女》的爱情悲剧英语医学专业毕业论文.docx
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从弗洛伊德的三重人格结构理论分析《茶花女》的爱情悲剧英语医学专业毕业论文.docx
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从弗洛伊德的三重人格结构理论分析《茶花女》的爱情悲剧英语医学专业毕业论文
北京中医药大学
学士毕业论文
题目AStudyontheLoveTragedyinTheLadyoftheCamelliasfromFreud’sTripartiteStructureofPersonality
从弗洛伊德的三重人格结构理论分析《茶花女》的爱情悲剧
系别人文学院英语(医学)专业
姓名___________________________________
导师____________________________________
定稿日期2016年5月3日
北京中医药大学人文学院
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所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师的指导下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。
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学士论文作者签名:
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年月日
AStudyontheLoveTragedyinTheLadyoftheCamelliasfromFreud’sTripartiteStructureofPersonality
AThesisSubmitted
By
SongXiaohui
To
TheSchoolofHumanities
InPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements
FortheDegreeofBachelorofArts
Supervisedby
AssociateProfessorKongXiangguo
BeijingUniversityofChineseMedicine
Beijing,China
May2016
Acknowledgements
Iwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetomysupervisor,AssociateProfessorKongXiangguoforhisconstructivesuggestionsandsupervisionduringthedevelopmentofthethesisandthispaper.AndIwouldshowmygratitudetomyclassmateforheradviceongrammar.
IamalsogratefultootherrespectableteachersatBeijingUniversityofChineseMedicine.
Abstract
In1898,ChinesetranslatorLinShutranslatedthenovelTheLadyoftheCamelliasintoChinese.ThedistinctivelovetragedyshockedtheChinesesociety.Sincethen,Chinesepeoplehavebeenreadingandstudyingthisnovelfromseveralperspectives.SigmundFreudputforwardseveraltheories:
sub-consciousness,psychoanalysis,theoryofInstinct,theoryofstructureofpersonality.ThisthesisstudiesthecauseofthislovetragedyfromtheperspectiveofFreudianTheoryofTripartiteStructureofPersonality:
id,egoandsuperego.Itwilldiscussmaincharacters’id,egoandsuperegoanddemonstratetherelationbetweenindividualsandthesociety.TheidofMargueriteislove,Prudence’sidismoney.AtthebeginningArmand’sidisthesexualinteresttoMargueritethenhisidbecamelove.ThesuperegoofMargueriteissacrificewhichwasstimulatedbythesociety’ssuperego(reputation).Armand’ssuperegowasdistrustanditchangedtolamenttoMargueriteaftershedied.
Thesocietyisthecollectionofallormostofpeople.Thereforetheidofthesocietyisthecollectionmostindividuals.TheidofsocietyisandmoneyandwillattackMarguerite’sidbecauseshegaveupmoneyforlove.Afteranalyzingthenovel,aconclusionismadethattherewereexternalandinternalcauses.Theexternalactivatedhersuperegoandrepressedherid.Andtheinhibitionofdesireledtosorrowbutshewouldfeelguiltyifshedidnotobeythesuperego.Thestrugglebetweenidandsuperegotormentedherandtostopthesufferingtheinstinctofdeathproduceddestructivebehaviors(ignoringillness,unhealthylifestyleandsoon)andcausedherdeath.
Keywords:
TheLadyoftheCamellias,tragedy,theid,thesuperego,society
中文摘要
自1898中国文学家林纾将法国小说《茶花女》翻译称中文(《巴黎茶花女遗事》)以来,中国学者、学生便开始阅读、研究这篇小说,并且从各种角度进行解读。
奥地利心理学家精神分析学派创始人弗洛伊德在其一生中发表了许多著作,也提出许多理论,如潜意识理论、精神分析、本能理论、人格结构理论。
这篇文章将从弗洛伊德人格结构理论的角度分析《茶花女》的爱情悲剧,讨论主要人物的本我与超我,寻找个人与社会之间的关系。
玛格丽特的本我是爱情,普律当丝的本我是金钱。
阿尔芒的本我一开始表现为对玛格丽特的兴趣,就像普通两性之间的吸引,而后转变成爱情,此外还有金钱。
而玛格丽特的超我是牺牲,阿尔芒的主要超我则是对社会道德的屈服——怀疑妓女的真情。
团体的意志体现的是团体中大多数人共同的意志。
所以可以推论,“社会的意志”是社会中大多数人意志的集合。
因此,社会的本我是大多数个人本我的集合,小说中社会的本我是金钱,它将会攻击与之相反的玛格丽特的本我。
玛格丽特的超我被社会的超我所激发,压制本我欲望的表达,为解决这种冲突所带来的痛苦,玛格丽特死的本能派生出了内向性毁灭行为,她无视疾病,寻欢作乐。
这是她死亡以及这个爱情悲剧形成的原因。
关键词:
《茶花女》,悲剧,本我,超我,社会
Contents
Introduction………………………………………………………………………1
ⅠBookSynopsisandTripartiteStructureofPersonality…………………….2
1.1Booksynopsis…………………………………………………………………2
1.2Theid,theegoandthesuperego……………………………………………….2
ⅡAnalysisofMainCharacters’Idandsuperego…………………………….4
2.1Idofmaincharacters…………………………………………………………..4
2.1.1Marguerite’sid:
love……………………………………………………...4
2.1.2Armand’sid:
fromsexualinteresttotruelove……………………………6
2.2Superegoofmaincharacters…………………………………………………..7
2.2.1Marguerite’ssuperego:
sacrifice………………………………………….7
2.2.2Armand’ssuperego:
fromdistrusttomourning…………………………..7
ⅢSocialPersonalitiesandIndividualPersonalities……………………………8
3.1Therealisticsignificanceofidandsuperego………………………………….9
3.2Therelationsandinteraction…………………………………………………10
3.3Thecausesofthetragedy…………………………………………………….11
ⅣConclusion…………………………………………………………………….12
References
Introduction
AlexanderDumaspublishedhisfirstmasterpieceLaDameauxCaméliasin1848andthenovelcausedagreatsensation.Since1898,whenthenovelwastranslatedintoChinesebyLinShu,countlessChinesescholarsandstudentshavebeenalwaysstudyingit.Theystudiedthelovetragedyfromseveralperspectives,suchasreligion,characteranalysis,sexologyandmanyothermethods.SuYifeng’sstudyshowedthatthecauseofthetragedyistheoppressiontofemaleinthemale-dominatedsociety(Su,2006).ZhangShuqin’sstudymadeaconclusionthatthemisshapensocietyshapedMarguerite’sfateandgaverisetoherdeath(Zhang,2004).ZhouRong’sstudythoughtthatthecapitalistsocietymoralsledtoMarguerite’stragedy(Zhou,2011).AndZhaoYinganalyzedthetragedyfromtheperspectiveofJung’sPrototypeTheoryandfoundthatprostitutewasMarguerite’spersonaandheranimuscausedherdeathtosomeextent(Zhao,2010).Thesestudieshavereadthenovelandthetragedywellandhelppeopleunderstandthestorybetter.However,asisindicatedbythedatabaseCNKI,nothesisstudiesthetragedyfromtheFreudianTheoryofTripartiteStructureofPersonality:
id,egoandsuperego.TheoryofTripartiteStructureofPersonalityisconceptofthepsychologyanditcandescribementalchangesandrevealtherelationsbetweenindividualsandsociety.Therefore,inthisthesis,thelovetragedywillbeanalyzedfromtheperspectiveofid,egoandsuperego.
Inchapterone,thestorywillbebrieflyreviewedandSigmundFreudandhistheoryofStructureofPersonalitywillbeintroduced.Inchaptertwo,themaincharacters’idandsuperegoandtheinteractionbetweenthemwillbeanalyzed.ChapterthreewilldemonstratetherealisticmeaningintheOrleanistMonarchyandshowtherelationbetweensocietyandindividualsandsociety’sinfluenceonindividuals.Chapterfourwillconcludethecauseofthetragedyfromindividualandsocialperspectives.Thesignificancewillbedescribedinthischapter,too.
ⅠBookSynopsisandTripartiteStructureofPersonality
1.1Booksynopsis
MargueriteGautierisakeptwomaninParis.Sheisbeautiful,charming,hotandpure.Alotofplayboysbecameherloversandthenwentbankrupt.Shewaspopularinonedayinthetheater,Margueritegottoknowayoungman,sonofaDistrictCollectorofTaxes,ArmandDuval.Havingfalleninlovewithher,ArmandexpressedhislovetoMargueriteandaskedhertobehislover.Sheacceptedhisloveandagreed.InordertobetogetherwithArmand,Margueritemovedtocountrysidewithhim.What’smore,Margueritesoldherhorses,jewelryandIndianshawlsandpawnedhercarriage.Anythingwasniceandpeaceful,untilArmand’sfatherMr.Duvalcame.Mr.DuvalvisitedMargueriteandpersuadedhertoleaveArmandinthenameoflove.MargueritereturnedtoParisandcontinuedherlifeofbeingkept.Armandwentbacktohishomewithfather,misunderstandingthatMargueritebetrayedtheirloveandwasnotworthytobeloved.
However,hecouldn’thelplovingandmissingMargueritesohereturnedtoParisbutfoundthatshehadbecomeearlN’slover.ArmandwasextremelywrathfulandhefoundanotherlovertorevengeuponMarguerite.Heinsultedherinwordsandbehaviorsignoringherseriousdisease.Atlast,Margueritediedwiththedesiretoseehertrueloveagain,butArmandwashundredsofmilesawaybecauseofmisunderstanding.Afterherdeath,Armandknewthereasonsheleftbutithadbeentoolatetoregret.
TheLadyoftheCamelliaswasthefirstmasterpieceofAlexandreDumas.Thoughthelovebetweentwoprotagonistswasdisapprovedbytherankandfashion,thelovetragedymovedandshockedFrenchandlaterspreadtotheworld.
1.2Theid,theegoandthesuperego
SigmundFreud(1856-1939)wasapsychiatristandpsychologistofAustriaandthefounderofpsychoanalysis.In1895,hecameupwiththeconceptofpsychoanalysis.TheEgoandtheIdwaspublishedin1923(Englishversionin1927)andinthisbookhepresentedtheconceptionsoftheid,theegoandthesuperegowhichconstitutethethreepartsofhisTripartiteStructureofPersonality.
Hispersonalitytheoryincludestwoparts:
tripartitestructureofpersonalityandpersonalitydevelopment.Inthisthesis,tripartitestructureofpersonality:
theid(dasEs),theego(dasIch)andthesuperego(dasUber-Ich).(Berg2003,p.69)willbeappliedintheanalysisofthelovetragedyinTheLadyoftheCamellias.
Theidreferstotheoriginalhuman,containsthebasicdesire,impulseandvitalitywhichisnecessarytosurvivelikedesireofeating,drinkingandsex.Itisoriginalandtheonlyintegrationofpersonalitywhenababyisborn.Theidisalsothefoundationofpersonalityestablishment.(Hall,1954,p.19)Theidobeysthepleasureprincipleandignoresthesocialmoralityandexternalbehaviorrules.Theonlyrequirementofidistoobtainhappinessandavoidpainanditsaimistogainindividualcomfort,survivalandreproduction.(Freud,1961,p.92)Besides,itisunconsciousandnotbeperceivedbytheindividual.However,whensomebodybehavesimpetuously,he/sheisunderthecontroloftheid.Theidisimmorallyandtheembodimentofinstinctanddesire.Inotherwords,theidismorelikelythepartofanimalinhuman.Ifapersonistotallycontrolledbytheid,heismoreananimalthanahuman.
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- 关 键 词:
- 茶花女 弗洛伊德 三重人格 结构 理论 分析 爱情 悲剧 英语 医学专业 毕业论文