9It用法.docx
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9It用法.docx
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9It用法
Grammar----Theuseof“it”
Lead-in:
ShowStudentssomeEnglishproverbswhichcontains“it”andthenaskthemtoanalyzetheusagesof“it”ineachsentence.
1.Itisnevertoooldtolearn.(活到老,学到老)
2.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)
3.Itneverrainsbutitpours.(不鸣则已,一鸣惊人)
4.Itiseasytoopenashopbuthardtokeepitalwaysopen.(创业容易守业难)
5.Ittakesthreegenerationstomakeagentleman.(十年树木,百年树人)
一.It作代词的用法(人称代词,非人称代词,指示代词)
二.It作形式主语
三.It作形式宾语
四.It构成强调句
五.It在特殊句式中的运用
六.It的固定搭配
一.It作代词的用法
1.人称代词(Personalpronoun)
(1)Mypenismissing.Icannotfind__it__anywhere.
(2)Hefeiisabeautifulcity,isn’t__it__?
(3)Abirdlandedonthetree,___it__issinging.
(4)Thebabycriedwhen___it___washungry.
(5)Isthisyourdog?
No,___it___isn’t.
(6)Whois__it___?
__It__isme.
(7)__It___wasagreatsurprisetomewhenhedidathinglikethat.
(8)___It__isallmyfault.
(9)Ifhedoesn’tcome,Icanhelp___it___.
(10)Youhavesavedmylife.Ishallneverforget___it___.
归纳总结:
A.It最基本用法是做人称代词,代替前文提到过的事物,以避免重复(1.2.3)
B.It也可指动物和婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子)或性别不详的人(4.5.6)
C.It也可指抽象事物(7.8)
D.It还可以代表一个彼此都知其何所指的东西(9.10)
2.It作非人称代词(Impersonalpronoun)
Readandanalyzetheusagesof“it”inthefollowingsentences.
(1)Itisasunnyday.(Weather)
(2)Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecaneback.(Time)
(3)Itwasveryquietintheclassroom.(Environment)
(4)Itishalfanhour’swalktothecitycentre.(Distance)
(5)ItisAprilFirsttoday.(Date)
(6)Itisthreedollars.(Money)
(7)Todayitis30degreescentigrade.(Temperature)
(8)What’sthecostofthedictionary?
Itis$12.(Value)
(9)Itdoesn’tmatter.(Thewholething)
(10)Isn’titawful.(Thewholething)
归纳总结:
It作为非人称代词,表示天气,时间,环境,距离,日期,金钱,温度,价值等
或用来泛指某件事.
3.It作指示代词(Demonstrativepronoun)
(1)What’sthatonthedesk?
Iguessitmightbearobot.
(2)Thisisyoubag,isn’tit?
(3)Ihadatalkwiththestudents.Itwasveryhelpfultoher.
归纳总结:
此时it相当于this或that,it有时不特指某件东西,而代表前面已经提到的或将会发生的某件事情.
4.常见代词辨析
(1)TheprinterismadeinJapan.Itwasboughtlastyear.(it=theprinter)
(2)Thepopulationproblemmaybethegreatestoneoftheworldtoday.(one=aproblem)
(3)Theseapplesarebiggerthanthoseones.(ones=apples)
(4)ThefilmisnotasgoodastheoneIsawyesterday.(theone=thefilm)
(5)Passmethebooks,theonesontheshelf.(theones=thebooks)
(6)Ilikethevasebetterthanthatinanothershop.(that=thevase)
(7)Theweatherofthisweekisworsethanthatoflastweek.(that=theweather)
(8)Thewindowsofyourflatarecleanerthanthoseofmine(those=thewindows)
(9)ThestudentsinClassOnearemorethanthoseinClassTwo.(those=thestudents)
it/one/ones/theone/theones/that/those
(1)it特指上文提过的事物或情况,指代同名同物,即:
the/所有格/that/this+cn.(sing.),it前不能加任何冠词或adj.修饰
(2)one泛指同一类中的一个人或物,即:
a/an+cn.(sing.),one前若有adj.修饰前面还可以加上不定冠词。
(3)ones=one+cn.(pl.)泛指同一类中的多个人或物,指代cn.(pl.)
(4)theone特指同一类中的一个人或物,即:
the+cn.(sing.)
(5)theones特指同一类中的多个人或物,即:
the+cn.(pl.)
(6)that特指同类的物,指代cn.(sing.)或un.,指代可数名词单数时that=theone
(7)those=theones特指同类的物,指代cn.(pl.)
注意:
当替换词的后置定语用所有格的of短语或当替换词被所有格修饰时,用thatof/thoseof.
跟踪训练:
1.MrSmithisknockingatthedoor.___D____wantstoseeyou.
2.Someoneisknockingatthedoor,whois__C_?
A.thisB.ThatC.itD.He
3.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but___D__didn’thelp.
A.heB.whichC.sheD.it
4.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,making___D__themostpopularsportintheworld.
A.whichB.thisC.thatD.it
5.Thetrafficonthemainstreetshasalongergreensignalthan____C__onthesmallones.
A.onesB.oneC.thatD.it
6.IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagoandIamstillusingitnow.
IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagoandIamgoingtobuyanewonesoon.
7.Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthan__those/theones__underthedesk.
8.Yourwatchisbeautiful.Iwanttohave__one__.
9.Fewpleasurescanequal__that__ofacooldrinkonahotday.
2.It作形式主语(Formalsubject)
1.Itisnecessaryforyoutogetupearly.
2.Itisnousearguingwithhim.
3.ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
归纳总结:
当主语有动词不定式短语,动名词短语和主语从句充当时,有时为了避免头重脚轻,使整个句子平衡,常把这些主语放在句末,而把it放在句首充当形式主语。
1.It作形式主语,todo作真正的主语
Eg.ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.
Itisapityforyoutomisstheconcert.
Itiskindofyoutohelpme.----Youarekindtohelpme.
Itisfoolishofyoutoquityourjobnow.
IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.
(a)It+be+adj.+(forsb.)+todosth.
(b)It+be+n.+(forsb.)+todosth.
(c)It+be+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.---Sb.+be+adj+todosth.
(d)It+takes/took+sb.+sometime/money+todosth.
注意:
当形容词表示的是不定式逻辑主语sb.的性质,品德,特征的时候,用of,其它的形容词用for.
2.It作形式主语,doing作真正的主语
Eg.Itisnouse/uselessarguingwithhim.
Itisnousecryingoversplitmilk.(覆水难收)
Itisawasteoftimetalkingtoheranymore.
(a)It+be+adj./n.+doing
3.It作形式主语,thatclause作真正的主语
Eg.ItisimportantthatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.
ItisstrangethatyoushouldtrustTom.
Itisnowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchsuccess.
Itisapitythatwemissedthegame.
Ithappensthatweareinthesameschool.
ItissaidthatthereisanearthquakeinJapan.
Itissuggestedthatthepatient(should)beoperatedonatonce.
(a)It+be+adj+thatclause
(b)It+be+n.+thatclause
(c)It+Vi+thatclause
(d)It+be+Vp.p+thatclause
=sb./sth.be+Vp.p+todo/tobedoing/tohavedone
注意:
(1)在Itisnecessary/important/strange/urgent/clear/surprising...+thatclause中,从句的谓语动词可以用(should)+V原虚拟语气
(2)在Itisapity/ashame/nowonder...+thatclause中,从句谓语动词有时可以用(should)+V原虚拟语气
(3)在Itissuggested//advised/ordered/requested/insisted(坚持要求)/required/demanded...+thatclause中,从句的谓语动词也用(should)+V原虚拟语气
3.It作形式宾语(Formalobject)
Readthefollowingsentencesandfillingtheblanks.
(1)IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.
(2)Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.
(3)Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthissubject.
(a)归纳总结:
it在句中充当形式宾语,真正的宾语可以是由不定式短语,动名词短语和that引导的宾语从句充当。
此种用法可称为“6123”结构
“6”指六个动词believe/make/find/feel/think/consider
“1”指一个形式宾语it
“2”指两个宾语补足语n./adj.
“3”指三个真正的宾语todo/doing/thatclause
Eg.YoumaydependonitthatTomwillhelpyouwithyourEnglish.
Iwillseetoitthateverythingisreadyintime.
Iwouldappreciateitifyoucangivemeahand.
IoweittoyouthatIfinishedmyworkintime.
(b)S.+V.+Prep.+it+thatclause
(c)S.+V+it+when/ifclause
(d)S.+V+it+thatclause
跟踪训练:
用it改写下列句子
(1)Torunbusinesssuccessfullyinthisareaisverydifficult.
Itisverydifficulttorunbusinesssuccessfullyinthisarea.
(2)LearningEnglishwithoutpracticewillbeuseless.
ItwillbeuselesslearningEnglishwithoutpractice.
(3)Whetherhecangotoakeyuniversityornotisunknown.
Itisunknownwhetherhecangotoakeyuniversityornot.
(4)Thathewillgetonwellwiththemiscertain.
Itiscertainthathewillgetonwellwiththem.
(5)Youmayfindtocleanuptheoilontheclothesdifficult.
Youmayfinditdifficulttocleanuptheoilontheclothes.
四.It构成强调句(Emphaticstructure)
1.强调句的基本构成及特点
Eg:
Tomfoundmypenintheclassroomyesterday.
主谓宾状状
强调主语:
ItwasTomwho/thatfoundmypenintheclassroomyesterday.
强调宾语:
ItwasmypenthatTomfoundintheclassroomyesterday.
强调地点状语:
ItwasintheclassroomthatTomfoundmypenyesterday.
强调时间状语:
ItwasyesterdaythatTomfoundmypenintheclassroom.
Structure:
Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分
特点:
(1)将Itis/was...that/who...强调结构去掉后句子依然完整
(2)被强调部分是人时,可用that/who,强调其他时均用that
(3)只能用is/was,不能用are/were,is/was的选择要根据句子的具体时态
(4)被强调部分可是除谓语和表语以外的其它句子成分,其中强调主语,宾语和状语在考试中比较常见。
2.强调谓语动词
对谓语动词的强调用“do/does/did+动词原形”,用来加强陈述句和祈使句的语气,意思为“的确,确实,一定”。
Eg.Dobecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.
Dowritetomewhenyougetthere.
Hedidgototheairportyesterday,buthedidn’tfindyou.
3.强调句型的一般疑问式
Structure:
Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分?
Eg.WasitTomthatfoundyourpenintheclassroomyesterday?
Wasitin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokenout?
4.强调句型的特殊疑问式
Structure:
特殊疑问词+is/wasit+that+其他部分?
注:
根据被强调部分选用不同的特殊疑问词
Eg.Whowasitthatfoundyourpenintheclassroomyesterday?
Whenwasitthatyoucalledmeyesterday?
5.强调句型的反意疑问句
强调句型的反意疑问句用wasn’tit/isn’tit
Eg.ItwasyesterdaythathemetTom,wasn’tit?
Itiselectricitythatplaysanimportantpartinourdailylife,isn’tit?
6.Not...until...的强调句式
Structure:
Itis/wasnotuntil...that...
Eg.Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.
ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.(改为强调句型)
NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.
(当notuntil位于句首时,需改为部分倒装句,主倒从不倒)
7.强调句中的主谓一致问题
Eg:
(1)ItisMarywhooften__helps__(help)mewithmyEnglish.
(2)ItisIthat_am__(be)againstyou.
(3)ItistheboystudentsofClassSixwho_are__(be)playingfootballonthe
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