大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案四.docx
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大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案四.docx
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大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案四
大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(四)
十六
Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately,thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofobergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.
First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseaedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.
Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthedeseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducewhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.
shouldbedoneto______.
thetreegrowtaller
theshapeofthetree
ridofthesmallbranches
thesmallbranchesthicker
becomeunhealthyifthegardener______.
toomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle
notprotectthemfromwind
themtogrowtooquickly
someofthesmallsidebranches
isaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree
makeawoundsmooth
preventdiseaseenteringawound
coveraroughsurface
helpawoundtodry
goodgardenerprunesatree______.
intervalsthroughouttheyear
quicklyaspossible
whennecessary
everywinter
wastheauthor'spurposewhenwritingthispassage
givepraticalinstructionforpruningatree.
giveageneraldescriptionofpruning
explainhowtreesdevelopdiseases
discussdifferentmethodsofpruning.
答案:
babca
十七
OnThursdayafternoonMrs.Carke,dressedforgoingout,tookherhandbagwithhermoneyandherkeyinit,pulledthedoorbehindhertolockitandwenttotheover60sClub.ShealwayswentthereonThursdays.Itwasaniceoutingforanoldwomanwholivedalone.
Atsixo'clockshecanehome,letherselfinandatoncesmeltcigarettesmoke.CigarettesmokeinherhouseHowHowHadsomeonegotinShecheckedthebackdoorandthewindows.Allwerelockedorfastened,asusual.Therewasnosignofforcedentry.
Overacupofteashewonderedwhethersomeonemighthaveakeythatfittedherfrontdoor-"amasterkey"perhaps.SoshestayedathomethefollowingThursday.Nothinghappened.WasanyonewatchinghermovementsOntheThursdayafterthatshewentoutatherusualtime,dressedasusual,butshedidn'tgototheclub.Insteadshetookashortcuthomeagain,lettingherselfinthroughhergardenandthebackdoor.Shesettleddowntowait.
Itwasjustafterfouro'clockwhenthefrontdoorbell.Clarkewasmakingacupofteaatthetime.Thebellrangagain,andthensheheardherletter-boxbeingpushedopen.Withthekettleofboilingwaterinherhand,shemovedquietlytowardsthefrontdoor.Alongpieceofwireappearedthroughtheletter-box,andthenahand.Thewireturnedandcaughtaroundtheknobonthedoor-lock.Mrs.Clarkeraisedthekettleandpouredthewateroverthehand.Therewasashoutoutside,andtheskinseemedtodropoffthefingerslikeaglove.Thewirefelltothefloor,thehandwaspulledback,andMrs.Clarkeheardthesoundofrunningfeet.
.ClarkeloodedforwardtoThursdaybecause_______.
workedataclubontheday
saidvisitorsonThursdays
visitedaclubonThursday
specialvisitorcameonThursday
someonehadmadeaforcedentery,_______.
orshewasstillinthehouse
wouldhavebeenthownabout
orshewouldhaveneededamasterkey
thethirdThursdayMrs.Clarkewentout_______.
shedidn'twanttomisstheclubagain
seeifthethiefwashngingaboutoutside
theclubbutthenchangedhermind
anattempttotrickthethief
lockonthefrontdoorwasonewhich_______.
apieceofwiretoopenit
heopenedfrominsidewithoutakey
'tbeopenedwithoutakey
aknobinsteadofakey
wirefeeltothefloor_______.
refusedtoopenthedoor
theman'sglovedroppedoff
itwastoohottohold
themanjustwantedtogetaway
答案:
cadbd
十八
Manypeoplebelievetheglarefromsnowcausessnowblindnenss.Yet,darkglassesornot,theyfindthemselvessufferingfromheadachesandwateringeyes,andevensnowblindness,whenexposedtoseveralhoursof"snowlight".
TheUnitedStatesArmyhasnowdeterminedthatglarefromsnowdoesnotcausesnowblindnessintroopsinasnow-covered,aman'seyesfrequentlyfindnothingtofoucsoninabroadexpanseofbarrensnow-coveredterrain.Sohisgazecontinuallyshiftsandjumpsbackandforthovertheentirelandscapeinsearchoftsomethingtolookat.Findingnothing,hourafterhour,theeyesneversotpsearchingandtheeyeballsbecomesoreandtheeyemusclesache.Natureoffsetsthisirritationbyproducingmoreandfluidwhichcoverstheeyeball.Thefluidcoverstheeyeballinincreasingquantityuntilvisionblurs,thenisobsured,andtheresultistotal,eventhoughtemporary,snowblindness.
ExperimentsledtheArmytoasimplemethodofovercomingthisproblem.Scoutsaheadofamainbodyoftroopsaretrainedtoshakesnowfromevergreenbushes,creatingadottedlineastheycrosscompletelysnow-coveredlandscape,Eventhescoutsthemselvesthrowlightweight,darkcoloredobjectsaheadonwhichtheytoocanfocus.Themenfollowingcanthenseegazeisarrested.Theireyesfocusonabushandhavingfoundsomethingtosee,stopscouringthesnow-blanketedlanscape.Byfocusingtheirattentionononeobjectatatime,themencancrossthesnowwithoutbecominghopelesslysnowblindorlost.Inthiswaytheproblemofcrossingasolidwhiteterrainisovercome.
preventheadaches,wateringeyesandblindnesscausedbytheglarefromsnow,darkglassesare_____.
theeyesaresoretearsareproducedto________.
thevision
snowblindness
theirritation
themuscles
maybeavoidedby_______.
tothesolidwhiteterrain
forsomethingtolookatinsnow-coveredterrain
theeyeswithsomethingtofoucson
theeyeballswithfluid
scoutsshakesnowfromevergreenbushesinorderto_______.
themenbehindsomethingtosee
thelandscape
themselvesinthecold
themenbehindfromlosingtheirway
suitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe_______.
andhowtoovercomeit
'scureforsnowblindness
inthesnow
vision
答案:
CCCAA
十九
Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomenoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantialytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals,Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.
Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes"priorto"disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,orefflunets,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.
Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Efflunetsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesarepotentialeonomicusesforwasteproducts.
purposeofthispassageis______.
alertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupply
explainindustrialusesofwater
acquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblems
demostratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem
ofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage
dustrialdevelopmentincudesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.
wastesneedscertainamountofwater
forwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulation
cultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals
readercanconcluedthat________.
oftheworldwillworktogetheronpolutionproblems
fromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplace
ismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersupplies
industriesarenow,akingeconomicuseofwast
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