《双城记》中涉及基督教思想.docx
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《双城记》中涉及基督教思想.docx
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《双城记》中涉及基督教思想
《双城记》中的基督教思想
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双城记基督教思想
[Abstract]Thispapercentersonthelover’sconflictsamongfourprotagonists---EdmondDantes,FernandMondego,Mercédes,andHaydeeinthebookofTheCountofMonteCristo.Throughthelovestory,wecanfindloveplaystwodifferentroles----akillerandasaver.Dantes’deeploveforMercedeshasmadehimlosehimselfintherevenge,becauseMercedesdoesnotkeepherpromiseandmarriesMondego,whoisDantes’totalpersonalenemy.WhilelovebetweenDantesandHaydeehelpsDantesgethimoutoftherevenge.AlexandreDumashasgivenanewannotationtolove.
[KeyWords]love;TheCountofMonteCristo;revenge
【摘要】这篇论文主要讨论《基督山伯爵》中四个主人翁爱德蒙·唐太斯、弗尔南多、美塞苔丝和海黛等情侣之间恋爱所引发的矛盾。
我们能够发现爱情在整个爱情故事中扮演了两个截然不同的角色——杀手与拯救者。
爱德蒙·唐太斯对美塞苔丝深深的爱使他迷失在复仇的怪圈中不能自拔,因为美塞苔丝没有遵守自己的诺言,嫁给了弗尔南多,而他恰恰是爱德蒙·唐太斯真正意义上的仇人。
然而爱德蒙·唐太斯与海黛的爱,帮助他找回自己,走出复仇的怪圈。
亚历山大仲马给了爱情一个全新的诠释。
【关键词】爱情;《基督山伯爵》;复仇
Abstract
摘要
1.Introduction
2.Context
2.1Plotoverview
2.2Contextontheauthor
2.3TheoriginofthestoryofTheCountofMonteCristo
3.Introductionofthelovers’relationship
4.Thedevastationoflove
4.1Love–thelaststrawofrevenge
4.2Therevengeoflove
5.Thesalvationoflove
6.Conclusion
7.Bibliography
1.Introduction
ThenameofAlexandreDumasissynonymouswithromanceandadventure.InJune1844hewroteTheCountofMonteCristo,hismostenduringnovel.Ithasnotonlydelightedgenerationsofreadersbutmadehistoryexciting.Itisagreatpitythatsofarwehavedonelittleresearchonthisbook.ThispapercentersontheresearchinthefieldofloveinTheCountofMonteCristo.[1]
Loveisaforeverthemeineveryformofliterature.AlexandreDumashasnoexceptionsinceheissucharomanticperson.ButAlexandreDumashasgivenanewannotationtolove.InhisnovelTheCountofMonteCristo,loveplaystwodifferentroles----akillerandasaver.
2.Context
2.1Plotoverview
Attheageofnineteen,EdmondDantesseemstohavetheperfectlife.Heisabouttobecomethecaptainofaship;Heisengagedtoabeautifulandkindyoungwoman,Mercedes;Andheiswelllikedbyalmosteveryonewhoknowshim.Thisperfectlife,however,stirsupdangerousjealousyamongsomeofDantes’so-calledfriends.Danglars,thetreasurerofDantesship,enviesDantes’earlycareersuccess;MondegoMondegoisinlovewithDantes’fianceeandsocovetshisamoroussuccess;HisneighborCaderousseissimplyenviousthatDantesissomuchluckierinlifethanheis.
Together,thesethreemendraftaletteraccusingDantesoftreason.Thereissometruthtotheiraccusations:
Asafavortohisrecentlydeceasedcaptain,DantesiscarryingaletterfromNapoleontoagroupofBonapartistsympathizersinParis.ThoughDanteshimselfhasnopoliticalleanings,theundertakingisenoughtoimplicatehimfortreason.Onthedayofhiswedding,Dantesisarrestedforhisallegedcrimes.
Thedeputypublicprosecutor,Villefort,seesthroughtheplottoframeDantesandispreparedtosethimfree.Atthelastmoment,though,DantesjeopardizeshisfreedombyrevealingthenameofthemantowhomheissupposedtodeliverNapoleon’sletter.Theman,Noirtier,isVillefort’sfather.Terrifiedthatanypublicknowledgeofhisfather’streasonousactivitieswillthwarthisownambitions,VillefortdecidestosendDantestoprisonforlife.DespitetheentreatiesofMonsieurMorrel,Dantes’kindandhonestboss,DantesissenttotheinfamousChâteaud’If,wherethemostdangerouspoliticalprisonersarekept.
Whileinprison,DantesmeetsAbbeFaria,anItalianpriestandintellectual,whohasbeenjailedforhispoliticalviews.FariateachesDanteshistory,science,philosophy,andlanguages,turninghimintoawell-educatedman.FariaalsobequeathsDantesalargetreasurehiddenontheislandofMonteCristo,andhetellshimhowtofinditshouldheeverescape.WhenFariadies,Danteshideshimselfintheabbe’sshroud,thinkingthathewillbeburiedandthendighiswayout.Instead,Dantesisthrownintothesea,andisabletocuthimselflooseandswimtofreedom.
DantestravelstoMonteCristoandfindsFaria’senormoustreasure.HeconsidershisfortuneagiftfromGod,giventohimforthesolepurposeofrewardingthosewhohavetriedtohelphimand,moreimportant,punishingthosewhohavehurthim.DisguisinghimselfasanItalianpriestwhoanswerstothenameofAbbeBusoni,hetravelsbacktoMarseillesandvisitsCaderousse,whoisnowstrugglingtomakealivingasaninnkeeper.FromCaderoussehelearnsthedetailsoftheplottoframehim.Inaddition,DanteslearnsthathisfatherhasdiedofgriefinhisabsenceandthatMercedeshasmarriedMondego.Mostfrustrating,helearnsthatbothDanglarsandMondegohavebecomerichandpowerfulandarelivinghappilyinParis.Asarewardforthisinformation,andforCaderousse’sapparentregretovertheparthehasplayedinDantes’downfall,DantesgivesCaderousseavaluablediamond.BeforeleavingMarseilles,DantesanonymouslysavesMorrelfromfinancialruin.
Tenyearslater,DantesemergesinRome,callinghimselftheCountofMonteCristo.Heseemstobeallknowingandunstoppable.InRomeDantesingratiateshimselfwithAlbertdeMorcerf,sonofMondegoandMercedes,bysavinghimfrombandits.Inreturnforthefavor,AlbertintroducesDantestoParisiansociety.NoneofhisoldcohortsrecognizethemysteriouscountasEdmondDantes,thoughMercedesdoes.DantesisthusabletoinsinuatehimselfeffortlesslyintothelivesofDanglars,Mondego,andVillefort.Armedwithdamningknowledgeabouteachofthemthathehasgatheredoverthepastdecade,Dantessetsanelaborateschemeofrevengeintomotion.Mondego,nowknownastheCountdeMorcerf,isthefirsttobepunished.DantesexposesMorcerf’sdarkestsecret:
Morcerfmadehisfortunebybetrayinghisformerpatron,theGreekvizierAliPacha.HethensoldAliPacha’swifeanddaughterintoslavery.AliPacha’sdaughter,Haydee,whohaslivedwithDanteseversinceheboughtherfreedomsevenyearsearlier,testifiesagainstMorcerfinfrontofthesenate,irreversiblyruininghisgoodname.AshamedbyMorcerf’streachery,AlbertandMercedesflee,leavingtheirtaintedfortunebehind.Morcerfcommitssuicide.
Villefort’spunishmentcomesslowlyandinseveralstages.DantesfirsttakesadvantageofMadamedeVillefort’smurderousintent,subtlytutoringherintheuseofpoison.AsMadamedeVillefortwreaksherhavoc,killingoffeachmemberofthehouseholdinturn,Dantesplantstheseedsforyetanotherpublicexpose.Incourt,itisrevealedthatVillefortisguiltyofattemptedinfanticide,ashetriedtoburyhisillegitimatebabywhileitwasstillalive.Believingthateveryonehelovesisdeadandknowingthathewillsoonhavetoanswerseverecriminalcharges,Villefortgoesinsane.
ForhisrevengeonDanglars,Dantessimplyplaysuponhisgreed.HeopensvariousfalsecreditaccountswithDanglarsthatcosthimvastamountsofmoney.HealsomanipulatesDanglars’unfaithfulanddishonestwife,costingDanglarsmoremoney,andhelpsDanglars’daughter,Eugenie,runawaywithherfemalecompanion.Finally,whenDanglarsisnearlybrokeandabouttofleewithoutpayinganyofhiscreditors,DanteshastheItalianbanditLuigiVampakidnaphimandrelievehimofhisremainingmoney.DantessparesDanglars’life,butleaveshimpenniless.
Meanwhile,astheseactsofvengeanceplayout,Dantesalsotriestocompleteonemoreactofgoodness.DanteswishestohelpthebraveandhonorableMaximilianMorrel,thesonofthekindshipowner,sohehatchesanelaborateplottosaveMaximilian’sfiancee,ValentineVillefort,fromhermurderousstepmother,toensurethatthecouplewillbetrulyhappyforever.DantesgivesValentineapillthatmakesherappeardeadandthencarriesherofftotheislandofMonteCristo.ForamonthDantesallowsMaximiliantobelievethatValentineisdead,whichcausesMaximiliantolongfordeathhimself.DantesthenrevealsthatValentineisalive.Havingknownthedepthsofdespair,Maximilianisnowabletoexperiencetheheightsofecstasy.Dantestooultimatelyfindshappiness,whenheallowshimselftofallinlovewiththeadoringandbeautifulHaydee.[2]
2.2Contextontheauthor
AlexandreDumaswasbornin1802inthevillageofVillers-Cotterêts,fiftymilesnortheastofParis.TheyoungerDumaswasnotagoodstudent,buthehadexcellenthandwriting.[3]WhenhemovedtoParisin1823,hopingtomakehisfortuneasanauthor,hislovelyhandwritingearnedhimajobasaminorclerk.Dumasspentsixyearsasaclerk,duringwhichtimehewroteplays,conductedtorridloveaffairs,andlivedbeyondhismeansuntilin1829,whenhehadhisfirstdramaticsuccesswithHenryIIIandHisCourt.
LikehisRomanticcolleagues,Dumasbelievedintheprinciplesofsocialequalityandindividualrights.[4]Hetriedtoinfusehisdramaticworkswiththeseprinciples.Dumaswentfurtherthanwritingabouthisbeliefs,however.HetookanactiveroleintheRevolutionof1830,helpingtocaptureapowdermagazineatSoissons,andhewasappointedorganizeroftheNationalGuardatVendee.Encounteringstronglocalopposition,Dumasgaveuptheposition,refusingtoactagainstthewishesofthemajority.
ReturningtotheliterarycommunityofParis,Dumascontinuedtowritepopularplays,stickingtohistoricalworksthathefilledwithmelodrama.Healsobegantowritetravelliterature,whichledtoawalkingtourofsouthernFrancein1834[5](atourthathewouldlaterputtouseinTheCountofMonteCristo).Inthelate1830s,Dumasbeganwritingnovels,asmuchforfinancialgainasforartisticreasons.Atthattime,itwascommonforcheapnewspaperstorunnovelsinserialf
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