新课标高考英语阅读理解细节理解主旨大意归纳法解题附带答案教学提纲.docx
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新课标高考英语阅读理解细节理解主旨大意归纳法解题附带答案教学提纲.docx
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新课标高考英语阅读理解细节理解主旨大意归纳法解题附带答案教学提纲
高三英语阅读理解---主旨大意(查找、归纳法)解题
导入:
高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求:
阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说
明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:
(1)理解主旨要义;
(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有:
细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主
旨大意题。
阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题Facts(文章中客观存在的事实,客观题的答
案一般都可以在原文中找到,即文中的具体事实或者抽象概念。
)和主观理解题(Opinions)
(这类问题不可能直接从原文中找到答案,需要通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深的理解,并据此进行判断和推理。
)
今天主要处理的是主旨大意(归纳法)解题。
阅读策略:
主旨大意(查找、归纳法)解题
一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。
这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括,此句叫主题句,这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力,也包括分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、写作特点的能力。
一般说来说明文和议论文都有主题句,而且多位于文章的开头,有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。
但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句,在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。
主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容,具有高度的综合性和概括性,文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。
常见的主旨大意题的考查形式:
Thetextismainlyabout.
Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainpurposeis.Whatwouldbethebesttitle/headlineforthetext?
Thisarticlemainlytellsaboutthestoryof.
Whatisthetopicofthetext?
Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphdiscuss?
Theparagraph(passage)dealswith.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?
主旨大意范例
1.Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.
Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.
Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.
Themainideaoftheparagraphis.
2.Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.Soyoushouldalwayssayyouarehappy.
Thetopicsentenceoftheparagraphis
3.Somepeoplelikereading,andsomepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavemanyhobbies,suchasreading,skating,andtraveling.Infact,differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.MyfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.Soherhobbyisreadingallkindsofbooks.Tonylovesworking
withherhands,andhishobbyisgardening.Themainideaoftheparagraphis.
4.Goinggreenseemstobefad(时尚)foralotofpeoplethesedays.Whetherthatisgoodor
bad,wecan’treallysay,butforthetowofus,goinggreenisnotafadbutalifestyle.
OnApril22,2011,wedecidedtogogreeneverysingledayforanentireyear.Thismeantdoing365differentgreenthings,anditalsomeantchallengingourselvestogogreenbeyondeasythings.Ratherthanrecycleandreduceourenergy,wehadtothinkof365differentgreenthingstodoandthiswasnoeasytask.
Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.GoingGreen.B.ProtectingthePlanet.
C.KeepingOpen-MindedD.CelebratingOurGreenYear.
5.自己需要归纳总结类的主旨类阅读理解
Everyone’satit,evenmyneighbors.IthoughtImightbetheonlypersonleftintheworldwhohadn’tdoneaneBaydeal.So,Idecidedtotrymyhandatonlineauction(网上拍卖).
Buyingforbeginners:
Signuponwww.ehay.co.uk.Mostitems(e.g.tables,computers,andbooks)readyforauctionwillcomewithapictureandashortdescription;othersmaybemarkedwith“BuyItNow”andhaveafixedprice.Youcanbuytheserightaway.
Iftheitemisbeingauctioned,youofferthehighestpriceyouarepreparedtopayand
eBaybids(出价)foryou.Thebidwillbeincreasedlittlebylittleuntilitgoesbeyondyourhighestbid,thenyouareemailedandaskedifyouwouldliketobidagain.Auctionslastupto10daysandwhentheyfinishyougetanemailtellingyouwhetheryouhavewontheitem.
Howtopay:
Sellersdecidehowtheywouldliketobepaidandyouneedtocheckthis
beforeplacingabidasyoumightnotwanttopostachequeorpostalorders.TheeasiestwayisthroughPayPal,anonlinepaymentsystemthattakesthemoneyawayfromyourcreditcard(信用).
Sellingmadesimple:
IfyouplantoselloneBay,ithelpstoincludeapictureoftheitem.I
followedmyfriends'adviceandputuptheitemsIwantedtosellfora10-dayauction,starringonaThursday.Thiswaybuyershadtwoweekendstobid.
Thebigthingsinlife:
It'seasytopostasmallitem,butfurnitureisabigpartofeBayand
thishastobecollectedorsentbydeliverymen.Cheekthewaysofdeliverybeforeyoubid.
Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Howtomakepaymentonline.B.Waysofmakingdeliveryonline
C.Advantagesofanonline-auctionsystem.D.Howtouseanonline-auctionsystem.
第三部分主旨类解题归纳总结
(一)经验总结:
1.把握逻辑结构,提高这方面的能力对于阅读议论文或说明文尤为重要,在此类文章中常用某个细节来引出题目从而进行议论,在议论的过程中可能会出现
一些论据或细节描述,这部分常被设置为此类试题的干扰项。
2.找准主题句,主题句通常在文章句首,句中或句末,主题句表达中心思想,起主导作用,阅读时要对容易出现主题句的地方特别注意。
(二)主旨大意题的错误选项有一下特点:
1.以偏盖全。
只是局部信息或者是一句没有展开论述的话。
2.过于笼统。
即归纳的主题太宽泛,与细节脱节或者是没有对细节加以充分论述。
3.把观点强加于作者。
读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见
解。
4.无关信息,即在文章中没有提到或者是找不到语言依据的信息。
当堂检测反馈:
Peoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatonce,anewresearchsuggests.Thefindings,basedonperformancesandself-evaluationbyabout275collegestudents,indicatethatmany
peoplemultitasknotoutofadesiretoincreaseproductivity,butbecausetheyareeasily
distracted(分心)andcan’tfocusononeactivity.And“thosepeopleturnouttobetheworstat
handlingdifferentthings,saidDav”idSanbonmatsu,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah.
Sanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesgavethestudentsasetoftestsandaskedthemtoreporthowoftentheymultitasked,howgoodtheythoughttheywereatit,andhowsensation-seeking
(寻求刺激)orimperative(冲动)theywere.Theythenevaluatedtheparticipants’multitaskiabilitywithatrickymentaltaskthatrequiredthestudentstodosimplemathematical
calculationswhilerememberingasetofletters.
Notsurprisingly,thescientistssaid,mostpeoplethoughttheywerebetterthanaverageatmultitasking,andthosewhothoughttheywerebetteratitweremorelikelytoreportusingacellphonewhiledrivingorviewingmultiplekindsofmediaatonce.Butthosewhofrequently
dealwithmanythingsatthesametimewerefoundtoperformtheworstattheactualmultitaskingtest.Theyalsoweremorelikelytoadmittosensation-seekingandimpulsive
behavior,whichconnectswithhoweasilypeoplegetboredanddistracted.
“Peoplemultitasknotbecauseit’sgoingtoleadtogreaterproductivity,butbecausethey’
distractible,andtheygetsuckedintothingsthatarenotasimportant.”SanbonmAdamGazzaley,aresearcherattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,whowasnota
memberoftheresearchgroup,saidonelimitationofthestudywasthatitcouldn’fintdoutwhetherpeoplewhostartoutlessfocusedtowardmultitaskingorwhetherpeople’srecognizingandunderstandingabilitieschangeasaresultofmultitasking.
Thefindingsdosuggest,however,whythesensation-seekerwhomultitaskthemostmay
enjoyriskydistracteddriving.“Peoplewhoaremultitaskingaregenerallylesssensitivetorisky
situations.sai”dPaulAtchley,anotherresearchernotinthegroup.“Thismaypartlyexplain
whypeoplegoinforthesesituationseventhoughthey’redangerous.”
67.TheresearchledbySanbonmatsuindicatesthatpeoplewhomultitask..
A.seekhighproductivityconstantly
B.preferhandlingdifferentthingswhengettingbored
C.aremorefocusedwhendoingmanythingsatatime
D.havethepoorestresultsindoingvariousthingsatthesametime
68.WhenSanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesconductedtheirresearch,they..
A.assessedthemultitaskingabilityofthestudents
B.evaluatedtheacademicachievementsofthestudents
C.analyzedtheeffectsoftheparticipants’trickymentaltasks
D.measuredthechangesofthestudents’understandingability
69.AccordingtoSanbonmatsu,peoplemultitaskbecauseoftheir._.
A.limitedpowerincalculationB.interestsindoingthingsdifferently
C.inabilitytoconcentrateononetaskD.impulsivedesiretotrynewthings
70.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthatmultitaskersusually..
A.driveveryskillfully
B.goinfordifferenttasks
C.failtoreactquicklytopotentialdangers
D.refusetoexplainthereasonsfortheirbehavior
高三英语阅读理解---细节理解(扫读法)解题、主旨大意(查找、归纳法)解题高三英语阅读理解---细节理解(扫读法)解题、主旨大意(查找、归纳法)解题
参考答案:
导入:
高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求:
阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说
明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:
(1)理解主旨要义;
(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有:
细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主
旨大意题。
阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题Facts(文章中客观存在的事实,客观题的答
案一般都可以在原文中找到,即文中的具体事实或者抽象概念。
)和主观理解题(Opinions)
(这类问题不可能直接从原文中找到答案,需要通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深的理解,并据此进行判断和推理。
)
今天主要处理的是细节理解(扫读法)解题、主旨大意(归纳法)解题。
阅读策略:
主旨大意(查找、归纳法)解题
一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。
这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括,此句叫主题句,这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力,也包括分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、写作特点的能力。
一般说来说明文和议论文都有主题句,而且多位于文章的开头,有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。
但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句,在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。
主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容,具有高度的综合性和概括性,文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。
常见的主旨大意题的考查形式:
Thetextismainlyabout.
Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainpurposeis.Whatwouldbethebesttitle/headlineforthetext?
Thisarticlemainlytellsaboutthestoryof.Whatisthetopicofthetext?
Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphdiscuss?
Theparagraph(passage)dealswith.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?
范例
1.Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.
Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.
Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.
Themainideaoftheparagraphis
andmoreserious..
Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemore
2.Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.Soyoushouldalwayssayyouarehappy.
Thetopicsentenceoftheparagraphisyoushouldalwayssayyouarehappy.
3.Somepeoplelikereading,a
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