职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案053029.docx
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职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案053029.docx
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职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案053029
职称英语考试《卫生类》每日一练精选及答案0530-29
1、LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears
Ahundredyearsago,lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47intheearly21stcentury,menintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74.Womentoabout80,andtheseagesarerisingallthetime.Whathasbroughtaboutthesechanges?
Whenwelookatthelifespanofpeople100yearsago,weneedtolookatthegreatestkillersofthetime.Intheearly20thcentury,theseweretheacuteandoften
highlyinfectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Manychildrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothers,andtheweakandelderlywerealwaysatrisk.
Inthedevelopedworldthesediseasesarefarlessdeadlytoday,andinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.Anumberoffactorshaveledtothis:
improvementsinsanitationandhygiene,thediscoveryanduseofantibiotics,whichmakebacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerous,andvaccinationsagainstcommondiseases.____,people'sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinourgeneralenvironment:
cleanerair,bettermeansofpreservingfood,betterandwarmerhousing,andbetterunderstandingofnutrition.
Genetically,weshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85butwhilepeopledolivelongertoday,therearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingUSfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnesses,suchasheartdiseaseandstrokes,andthosespreadbyviruses,suchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcourse,cancerisahugekilleraswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffectolderpeople,butthereareworryingtrendsinthedevelopedworldwithproblemssuchasobesityleadingtomoreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchasdiabetesatyoungerages.
Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas"lifestylediseases",whichmeansthatitmaybepossibletohalttheirprogress.
【单选题】
A.And
B.Therefore
C.Inaddition
D.Nevertheless
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
前面说的是对疾病的防范和控制加强,后面说的是整体环境的改善,两者为并列关系,但是and在书面语中不能这样使用,所以只能选inaddition。
2、BreastCancerDeathsRecordLow
Thenumberofwomendyingfrombreastcancerhasfallentoarecordlowbydroppingunder12,000ayearforthefirsttimesincerecordsbegan.
TheCancer'ResearchUKdatashowedthat11.990womendiedintheUKin2007.
Thepreviouslowestfigurehadbeenrecordedin1971-theyearrecordsbegan-afterwhichitrosesteadilyyearbyyearuntilthelate1980s.
ProfessorPeterJohnson,CancerResearchUK'schiefclinician.said:
"It'sincrediblyencouragingtoseefewerwomendyingfrombreastcancernowthanatanytimeinthelast40years,despitebreastcancerbeingdiagnosedmoreoften."
"Researchhasplayedacrucialroleinthisprogressleadingtoimprovedtreatmentsandbettermanagementforwomenwiththedisease."
"TheintroductionoftheNHS(国民保健制度)breastscreening3programhasalsocontributedaswomenaremorelikelytosurvivetheearliercancerisdiagnosed."
BreastcancerisnowthemostcommoncancerintheUKwith45,500womeneveryyeardiagnosedwiththedisease-a50%risein25years.
Thenumberofdeathspeakedin1989,when15,625womendied.Itthenfellbybetween200and400deathseachyearuntil2004.
Therewasaslightrisein2005andthentwoyearsoffalls.
Dr.SarahCant,policymanageratBreakthroughBreastCancersaid:
"Itisgreatnewsthatfewerwomenaredyingfrombreastcancerandhighlightstheimpactofimprovedtreatments,breastscreeningandawarenessofthedisease."
"However,thisisstilltoomanywomenandincidenceofthediseaseisincreasingyearbyyear."
Therisingrateofbreastcancerdiagnosishasbeenputdowntoavarietyoffactorsincludingobesity(肥胖)andalcoholconsumption.
Obesityandalcoholconsumptionmayalsoleadtosomeotherdiseases.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
本题有一定难度,关键在吃透句意。
答案依据比较明显,带着题干信息词回文章定位,答案依据在文章最后一段这一句:
Therisingrateofbreastcancerdiagnosishasbeenputdowntoavarietyoffactorsincludingobesityandalcoholconsumption.谈到乳腺癌确诊率上升和肥胖、过度饮酒有关,但并没有提及肥胖和过量饮酒是否会引发其他疾病,因此本题未提及,答案是C。
3、Sincethe1950's,literarycriticshaveattemptedtoanswerthequestion:
Whendidchildren'sliteraturefirstemergeasadistinctliterarygenre?
【单选题】
A.improve
B.appear
C.conform
D.respond
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
emerge和appear都表示“出现、露面”;improve:
增进、改善;conform:
符合、顺应;respond:
反应、回报。
4、LowerBodyFatMeansBetterPerformance
Thesedays,fashionmodelsandpopstarsarenottheonlypeoplewhohavetowatchtheirwaistline.Footballplayerswhomissafewkicksandlettheirbellyhangingoutalittletoomucharelikelytobeattackedbyrabidfansoreventhepresidentofacountry.
Thelatestfootballstartodrawtheattentionofthe"fatpolice"isBarcelona'sRonaldinho,26.LastFriday,aSpanishsportsdailypublishedtwophotosoftheBrazilianstarwithouthisshirt.OnewastakeninNovember2003;theotherwastakenthismonth.Inthemostrecentone,thestar'swaistlineseemstohavealittleextrapadding.
AnotherSpanishsportsdailypublishedsimilarbefore-and-aiderphotosandarguedthatthestarhas"losthisexplosivenessandvelocity"andis"wornout".Thecause,accordingtothenewspaper,ishispoorphysicalfitness.
However,theplayer'scoach,FrankRijkaard,insiststhathe'ssatisfiedwithRonaldinho'sformandfitness.AndafterBarcelona'svictoryoverAthleticBibaoonSunday,Ronaldinhochallengedphotographerstotakepicturesofhimwhenhetookoffhisshirt.
"Idon'thaveanythingtohide,"hesaid.
FellowBrazilianronaldo,30,ofRealMadrid,facedsimilarcriticismbeforethe2006WorldCup.Butthecriticismdidn'tcomefromabunchofsportsreporters:
ItcamefromthepresidentofBrazil.
"So,whatisit?
"Brazil'sPresidentLuizInacioLuladaSilvaaskedthenationalsoccerteam'scoachinhisofficelastJune,accordingtotheAssociatedPress."Ishe[ronaldo]fatornot?
"
"Heisverystrong,president,"CarlosAlbertoParreirareportedlysaidatthetime."Heisnotthatboyanymore.Hisbodytypehaschanged."
Thegameoffootfalldemandsthatplayersputasmuchemphasisonfitnessastheycandoondribbling,passingorshooting.
Duringapropertrainingregimen,footballplayersnormallyfollowaload-fatigue-recoverypattern.Theypushtheirbodytowardahighermarkoffitnessandexperienceaslightandbriefdropinperformance.Thentheybegintherecoveryprocess,whichwillideallycarrytheirperformancetoanevenhigherplane.
However,sometimesnon-physicalfactorscaninfluenceaplayer'spoorfitness.InRonaldinho'scase,forinstance,people,oftenunnamed,haveblamedeverythingfromthepressureofcontractnegotiationstopersonalproblemsandtoomanyadvertisingcommitments.
Peoplelikefootballstarsmorethantheylikepopstars.
【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
句子说的是:
比起流行歌曲歌星来,人们更喜欢球星。
文章没有提到。
5、Cancer
1.Cancerisagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincells,thebody'sbasicbuildingblocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normally,cellsgrowanddividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy.Sometimes,thisorderlyprocessgoeswrong.Newcellsformwhenthebodydoesnotneedthem,andoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsformamassoftissuecalledagrowthortumor(肿瘤).Benign(良性的)tumorsarenotcancer.Theycanoftenberemovedand,inmostcases,theydonotcomeback.Malignant(恶性的)tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormalanddividewithoutcontrolororder.
2.Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells.Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesintogenesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygenechangesthatleadtocanceraretheresultoftobaccouse,diet,exposuretoultraviolet(紫外线的)radiationfromthesun,orexposuretocarcinogens(致症物)intheworkplaceorintheenvironment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.
3.Cancertreatmentcanincludesurgery,radiationtherapy,chemotherapy(化疗),hormonetherapy,andbiologicaltherapy.Thedoctormayuseonemethodoracombinationofmethods,dependingonthetypeandlocationofthecancer,whetherthediseasehasspread,thepatient'sageandgeneralhealthandotherfactors.Becausetreatmentforcancercanalsodamagehealthycellsandtissues,itoftencausessideeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions,weightingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandtherisksofpossiblesideeffects.
4.Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whetherapatienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofcancer,theextentofthediseaseandthepatient'stoleranceforpain.Mostpainoccurswhenthecancergrowsandpressesagainstbones,organs,ornerves.Painmayalsobeasideeffectoftreatment.However,paincangenerallyberelievedorreducedwithprescriptionmedicinesorover-the-counterdrugsrecommendedbythedoctor.
Canceroccurswhencellsinthebodydividewithout______.
【单选题】
A.sideeffects
B.prescriptionmedicines
C.controlororder
D.toleranceforpain
E.variousfactors
F.differentgenes
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
本题有一定难度,需要认真寻找答案依据。
答案依据在文章第一段最后一句:
Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormalanddividewithoutcontrolororder.谈到恶性肿瘤的细胞是变异的,毫无秩序或无法控制地分裂,回来看选项,C项符合原文句意,是答案。
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