届二轮复习 阅读理解说明文类型10篇训练之一20页word版答案含有解析.docx
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届二轮复习 阅读理解说明文类型10篇训练之一20页word版答案含有解析.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解说明文类型10篇训练之一20页word版答案含有解析
2019届二轮复习阅读理解说明文类型10篇训练之一
[一]
Youcan'twalkintotheofficewithoutRihanna'svoicesinging“workworkworkworkworkwork”inyourhead.AndthatonelinefromLadyGaga'sBadRomancestillmakesyouwanttoscream.Thesearecommonlyknownasearwormsongs—thosestickytunesthatcontinuetoplayinyourhead.Arecentstudyfindsthatmorethan90%ofadultsreporthearingearwormsongsonaweeklybasis.
Fortunately,mostpeoplereportearwormsongsaspleasant.Butothersfindthemannoyingorevenmaddening.“Somepeoplearetroubledbythemtothepointthatitdisturbslife,”saysElizabethHellmuthMargulis,aprofessorattheUniversityofArkansaswhohasstudiedearwormsongs.
Margulissaysearwormsongstendtohavesomepredictablecharacteristics.Foronething,theytendtosmallpartsofasong—notthewholetrack.And“thesongsyou'veheardrecentlyalsohavethemostpossibilitytogetstuckinyourmemory,”shesays.
Butsometimessomethingstrangeandunpredictablecanalsostartatrackpayinginyourhead.“OnceIwasatthedoctor'sofficeandsawaposterofamanwhoIthoughtlookedlikeGaston—acharacterfromBeautyandtheBeast,”Margulisrecalls.Acoupleminutespassed,andsherealizedshecouldn'tgetBeOurGuest,thesonginthemovie,outofherhead,eventhoughshehadn'tthoughtofthetuneinyears.Inthatinstance,shewasabletoidentifyherearworm'strigger:
theGastonlookingmanintheposter.“Buttheconnectionscanbereallyunclear,”shesays.
Margulispointsoutthat,inallofhumanhistory,recordedmusicisaverynewphenomenon.Shesayssomehaveinferredthatearwormsongsarealsonew—theunintendedconsequenceofbeingabletohearthesamesongplayedeverywhereinthesamewayoverandoveragain.Sofar,theconvincingexplanationforwhyhumanbeingsexperienceearwormsongsremainsamystery.Buttherearesomewellestablishedwaystocastofftheearwormsongs.
“Findingamentallydemandingtaskandputtingyourmindonitusuallyshiftsattentionawayfrominternalmusic.Peopletendtogetearwormswhenperformingtasksthatdon'trequiretheirfullattention—stufflikedoingthedishes,”Margulissays.
Chewinggumcanalsohelp.Whenasongisstuckinourheads,it'salmostlikewe'resingingalongwithit.Ifyoumakeyourmouthdosomethingelse—chewinggum,eatingamealortalkingwithafriend—thatcankickouttheearworm.
Youcouldalsofaceyourenemy.Bylisteningtothefulltrackthatincludesthepassagestuckinyourhead,youmayfind“closure”andrelief.
28.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobeanearwormsong?
A.Asongmadeupofsimplewords.
B.Asongheardfrequentlythesedays.
C.Asongsungbyamostfamoussinger.
D.Asonglearnedduringone'schildhood.
29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trigger”inParagraph4mean?
A.Type. B.Tune.
C.Cause.D.Characteristic.
30.Wecaninferthatearwormsongsmay.
A.resultfrommoderntechnology
B.beexperiencedovermeals
C.helpregainlostmemories
D.hurtone'shearing
31.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthelastthreeparagraphs?
A.Whywehearearwormsongs.
B.Wheretofindearwormsongs.
C.Whenwehearearwormsongs.
D.Howtogetoverearwormsongs.
【语篇解读】 耳朵虫歌曲,即歌曲的某个片段不由自主地反复在脑子里出现且不受控制的现象。
针对这种现象,作者提出了几条行之有效的方法。
28.B 细节理解题。
根据第一段中“Thesearecommonlyknownasearwormsongs—thosestickytunesthatcontinuetoplayinyourhead.”可知,耳朵虫歌曲指的是“一直黏在脑袋里的音乐”,即最近经常听到的歌曲。
故选B。
29.C 词义猜测题。
划线词后的句子theGastonlookingmanintheposter解释了为什么BeOurGuest这首歌一直出现在Margulis脑海里:
海报中那个看起来像Gaston的人。
所以此处trigger有“原因”之意。
故选C。
30.A 推理判断题。
从第五段可知录制的音乐和耳朵虫音乐都是一种新现象,无论走到哪里都能反复听到同一首歌,这是人类发展、科技发展的结果。
故选A。
31.D 主旨大意题。
第五段最后一句“Buttherearesomewellestablishedwaystocastofftheearwormsongs.”是对下面三段的总结。
最后三段列举了摆脱耳朵虫歌曲行之有效的方法。
故选D。
[二]
Whilethereareafewwaystomakeuseofyouroldsmartphone,oneofthebetterwaysistoconvertintoadashcam(行车记录仪)thatyoucanuseonyourbicycle.Withthecamera,youcanrecordyourrides,whichisespeciallyhelpfulifyouareinvolvedinacrashwithanothervehicle.
Touseyoursmartphoneasadashcamonyourbike,youwillneedtomakesureitisproperlysecuredtoyourbike.Todothiscorrectly,youmusttaketwostripsofheavydutyVelcro(akindofclothusedasfastening)alongwithtwopipeclamps(管夹)andaflatcornerbrace(角撑)toproperlyattachit.Youwillstartbyattachingthecornerbracetoyoursmartphone.
Next,attachaVelcrostriptoyourphonedback.YouwillputthesecondstripontheendofthebracecornerandcutanyextraVelcrooffandawayfromthebrace.ByusingheavydutyVelcro,youshouldn'thavetoworryaboutthecamerabracemustbeattachedtothebicycledirectly.
Taketwopipeclampssoyoucanattachthepartofthecornerbracesothephonecanbeheldupandused.Thepipeclampsmustbepositionednearthecenterofthehandlebar,whichwillenableyoutogetabetterpicturewhenvideotaping.
Torunadashcampapponyouroldphone,youwilljustneedtodownloadadashcamappontotheoldphone.Youwillthenjuststarttheappatanytimeyouheadoutontheroad.Thereisalwaysthechanceofflaws,butyouwillbegivingyourselfawaytoprotectyourselfinafriendly,ecofriendlymannerthatismuchlessexpensivethanpurchasingadashcam.
32.Whatisthepurposeofbuildingadashcamonyourbike?
A.Tomakefulluseofanoldsmartphone.
B.Torecordthescenerywhiletravelling.
C.Toreduceanunexpectedcrashontheroad.
D.Toavoidunnecessaryargumentsinanaccident.
33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?
A.Thebike.
B.Thepipeclamp.
C.Thesmartphone.
D.Theflatcornerbrace.
34.WhatcanwelearnaboutaVelcrostrip?
A.Itwillfixthecamerafirmly.
B.Itisbettertokeepitaslongaspossible.
C.Itisimportantfortheflatcornerbrace.
D.Itisbestputinthecenterofthesmartphone.
35.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheDIYdashcamfromthelastparagraph?
A.Itisaperfectalternativetoapurchasedone.
B.Itisbeneficialtoenvironmentinsomeway.
C.Itisamuchmoredemandingjobfortheuser.
D.Itmakesitsownerfriendlytootherpeople.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了如何将旧手机改装为自行车的行车记录仪。
32.D 细节理解题。
根据第一段最后一句“Withthecamera,youcanrecordyourrides,whichisespeciallyhelpfulifyouareinvolvedinacrashwithanothervehicle.”可知,在自行车上装行车记录仪的目的是为了避免在事故中出现争论。
故选D。
33.C 词义猜测题。
根据前句“Touseyoursmartphoneasadashcamonyourbike,youwillneedtomakesureitisproperlysecuredtoyourbike.”可知,这里的it代指前句中的smartphone。
故选C。
34.A 细节理解题。
根据第三段内容可知,粘扣带是用来牢固地固定照相机的。
故选A。
35.B 推理判断题。
根据最后一段特别是最后一句“Thereisalwaysthechanceofflaws,...lessexpensivethanpurchasingadashcam.”可知,充分利用旧手机是一种环保的方式。
故选B。
[三]
AJapanesecompany,NextTechnology,hascreatedarobotdogthatcantellyouhowbadyourfeetsmell,byusingapowerfulsensorfixedinitsnose.Ifyourfeetdon'thaveabadsmell,Hanachanwillhappilywagitstail,ifit'sexposedtofeetthataremildlysmelly,it'llstarttobark,andiftheygiveoffanextremelybadsmell,it'lljustfalloverlikethesmellcausedittofaint(昏倒).
Footodor(脚臭)isabigdealinJapan,whereit'sacustomforpeopletotakeofftheirshoeswhenevertheyentersomeone'shome.Infact,exposingotherstobodilyodorscanbeconsideredannoyanceinJapan.Someofthemostbrilliantmindsinthecountry'stechindustryhavebeentryingtosolvethisproblem.Lastyear,Thankostartedsellingarmpit(腋窝)fansdesignedtokeeppeople'sarmpitsniceanddry.Now,wehaveHanachan.
Therobotdoghasaspecialsensorforanose,andcantellyouifyourfeetsmelljustbysniffingthemforafewseconds.Accordingtosomemediareports,Hanachancanhelpsolvetheproblemofextremelysmellyfeetbysprayingthemwithairfreshener,butit'sunclearwhetherthisfeaturecomesbuiltin,orifyou'llhavetopayextraforit.
AccordingtoresearchersatNextTechnology,theideaforHanachanwasinspiredbyapersonwhodesperatelywantedsomewaytoknowifhisfeetsmelled.“Hetoldushisdaughterhadsaidhisfeetweresmelly,”NextTechnology'sKimikaTsujisaid.“Buthedidn'twanttoknowhowbadtheodorwasbecausehewouldfeelhurt.That'swhywedevelopedthiscuterobot.”
YoumaybeabletomakeHanachanfaintwithyoursmellyfeet,butitcanhavethesameeffectonbudgetconsciouspeople.NextTechnologyplanstostartsellingthefeetsmellingrobotdogfor¥100,000($9,280)nextMay.
28.UnderwhatconditionwillHanachanbark?
A.Whenitsnoseisfixedwithasensor.
B.Whenitwagsitstail.
C.Whenitdetectsmildlysmellyfeet.
D.Whensomethingiswrongwithitsnose.
29.WhyisfootodorpaidgreatattentiontoinJapan?
A.BecauseJapanesehavestrongbodilyodors.
B.BecauseJapaneseareusuallybarefootedatothers'home.
C.BecauseJapaneseareespeciallyconsiderateofothers.
D.Becauseitstechindustryishighlydeveloped.
30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutHanachanfromthetext?
A.Ithasabuiltinairfreshenersprayer.
B.It'salreadyavailableinthemarket.
C.ItsideacomesfromKimikaTsuji.
D.Itcanrecognizefootodorquickly.
31.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphimply?
A.Hanachanisnocheapthing.
B.Peopleshouldmindtheirsmellyfeet.
C.Peopleshouldbecarefulabouttheirbudget.
D.Hanachanmakespeopleloosentheirbudget.
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了日本发明的一种测试脚臭程度的机器狗。
28.C 细节推理题。
根据第一段中“ifit'sexposedtofeetthataremildlysmelly,it'llstarttobark”可知,如果是轻度臭脚,Hanachan就会叫。
故选C。
29.B 细节推理题。
根据第二段中“Footodor(脚臭)isabigdealinJapan,whereit'sacustomforpeopletotakeofftheirshoeswhenevertheyentersomeone'shome.”可知,由于在日本去别人家需要脱鞋,所以脚臭是个大事。
故选B。
30.D 推理判断题。
根据第三段中“Therobotdoghasaspecialsensorforanose,andcantellyouifyourfeetsmelljustbysniffingthemforafewseconds.”可知,这只机器狗有一个鼻子的特殊传感器,仅仅嗅几秒钟就能告诉你脚是否有气味。
故选D。
31.A 句意猜测题。
划线句子句意:
你
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