精品高考英语二轮题海特训营3阅读理解细节理解三.docx
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精品高考英语二轮题海特训营3阅读理解细节理解三.docx
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精品高考英语二轮题海特训营3阅读理解细节理解三
阅读理解-细节理解三
1、 AstheEarthwarmsfromtheincreaseofcarbondioxideinitsatmosphere,theoceansthatcover70percentofitssurfacearewarmingtoo.Thiswarmingwilllikelybenefitsomeseaspeciesattheexpenseofothers.
AstudyintheMay20issueofthejournalNatureconfirmedthattherehasbeenawarmingtrendintheworld’soceanssince1993,asthewatershaveabsorbedmuchoftheextraenergyintheplanet’satmosphere.
Thewarmingthathasalreadyoccurred,andisexpectedtocontinueinthecomingdecades,willlikelyspellbadnewsformanyoceanspecies,suchascoralsandspeciesthatliveinthecoldwatersoftheplanet’spoles.Butsomecreaturesbeneaththeoceansurfacemightactuallyhaveanadvantageinthenewlywannedwaters.
A2008study,forexample,saidthatawarmingofjustafewdegreesFahrenheitinAntarcticwaterscouldmakethemsuitabletosharks,whichhaven’tlivedintheareaforabout40millionyears.It’seasierforsharkstokeeptheirhighmetabolisminwarmerwaters.Ifsharksdomoveintothearea,theycouldcausedamagetotheexistingecosystemsoftheoceansaroundAntarctica.
Astudyofstarfishfoundthesetypicaloceancreaturesgrewfasterinwateratwarmertemperaturesandhighercarbondioxidelevels(anotherresultofalltheextragreenhousegasintheatmosphere)thanatnormalconditions—whichisbadnewsfortheshellfishestheyliveon.
WorkbyJeremyJackson,aprofessoratScrippsInstitutionofOceanographyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiego,suggeststhatoceanwarming—alongwithotherthreatssuchasoverfishingandhabitatdestruction—couldchangeoncecomplexoceanecosystemsintoonesthatfavorsimplerspecies,suchasmicrobes,toxicalgalbloomsandjellyfishes.
1.HowisParagraph3developed?
A.Bygivingexamples.
B.Byanalyzingcauses.
C.Bymakingcomparisons.
D.Bymakingclassifications.
2.Whatcanweknowaboutsharksfromthefourthparagraph?
A.TheyarenativetoAntarcticwaters.
B.Theydoharmtothewholeecosystem.
C.They’readaptabletowarmerwaterconditions.
D.TheythreatensimplerspeciesinAntarcticwaters.
3.Whatwilloceanwarminglikelybringabout?
A.Promotingthegrowthofstarfish.
B.Anecosystemofsmallercreatures.
C.Differentfoodsourcesforseacreatures.
D.Damaginglivingplacesofdeep-seaspecies.
4.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A.Toexplainwhyoceanwarmingbenefitsomespecies.
B.Tointroducehowcreaturessurviveinwarmeroceans.
C.Toclarifysomemisunderstandingsaboutoceanwarming.
D.Toshowwhichcreatureswillbenefitfromwarmeroceans.
2、 StevenWeinbergeristhedirectoroflinguisticsintheEnglishDepartmentatGeorgeMasonUniversityinFairfax,Virginia.HesaysstudentsinhisbeginningphoneticsclassaremostlyinterestedinteachingEnglishasasecondlanguage.Theywantedtostudyhownon-nativespeakerspronouncedifferentsounds.
"Sowesentthestudentsouttorecordnon-nativespeakers,andwecomparedthosespeakerstoeachotherandtonativespeakersofEnglish,”saidStevenWeinberger.
ProfessorWeinbergerwroteaparagraphforallofthespeakerstoread.TheparagraphusescommonwordsbutcontainsalmostallofthesoundsusedinEnglish.Hereisthatsixty-nine-wordparagraph:
“PleasecallStella.Askhertobringthesethingswithherfromthestore:
Sixspoonsoffreshsnowpeas,fivethickslabsofbluecheese,andmaybeasnackforherbrotherBob.Wealsoneedasmallplasticsnakeandabigtoyfrogforthekids.Shecanscoopthesethingsintothreeredbags,andwewillgomeetherWednesdayatthetrainstation.”
In1999,ProfessorWeinbergerputtherecordingsonline.TheSpeechAccentArchiveisforanyonewhowantstocompareandanalyzetheaccentsofdifferentEnglishspeakers.
Somepeoplethinkthearchivewouldbebetterifitincludednaturalspeech-peopletalkingfreely,notjustreadingthesamewords.ProfessorWeinbergerrecognizesthestrengthsandweaknessesofhissite.
ProfessorWeinbergersaysthesitegetsamillionvisitsamonthandwouldlikemorepeopletosendintheirownsamplesofthesixty-nine-wordparagraph.
StevenWeinbergersaid,‘‘Rightnowweonlyhavesamplesfromabout350languages,includingEnglish.Youknow,thereare6,000languagesintheworldtoday,soweneedlotsmore.That’swhythearchiveworkwillneverbefinished.
1.WhydidProfessorWeinbergerlethisstudentsrecordnon-nativespeakers?
A.Mostofhisstudentsareinterestedinphonetics.
B.Thepronunciationfromnon-nativespeakerssoundsstrange.
C.TheyweregatheringmaterialsfortheSpeechAccentArchive.
D.Theywantedtoknowhownon-nativespeakerspronouncedifferentsounds.
2.TheSpeechAccentArchiveisintendedfor ______.
A.allthestudentsinWeinberger’sbeginningphoneticsclass
B.whoeverwantstostudy
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