英国文学史知识点.docx
- 文档编号:29365089
- 上传时间:2023-07-22
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:20
- 大小:28.36KB
英国文学史知识点.docx
《英国文学史知识点.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英国文学史知识点.docx(20页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英国文学史知识点
英国作者
1.Chaucer
流派:
时代:
theMiddleAges
主要作品:
HismainworksincludeTheCanterburyTales,Menandwomen,TroilusandCriseyde,ThewifeofBath,Thehighandthelow.Inthepoem,TheCanterburyTales
作品突出特点:
TheCanterburyTales
Thetalesaretoldaspartofastory-tellingcontestbyagroupofpilgrimsastheytraveltogetheronajourneyfromSouthwarktotheshrineofSaintThomasBecketatCanterburyCathedral.HeusesthetalesandthedescriptionsofthecharacterstopaintanironicandcriticalportraitofEnglishsocietyatthetime,andparticularlyoftheChurch.HismasterpieceandarepresentativeworksoftheMiddleAges.
作家地位:
1.thefounderofEnglishpoetry;2.ThefounderofEnglishRealism;3.theFatherofEnglishPoetry;4.thefounderormasterofthemodernEnglishLanguage;5.thepioneeroftheEnglishRenaissance.
影响:
1HeintroducedfromItalyandFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes,especiallytherhymedcoupletof5accentsiniambicmeter(heroiccouplet)toEnglishpoetry,insteadoftheoldAnglo-Saxonalliterativeverse.
2HewasthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinEnglishlanguage(MiddleEnglish),thusestablishingEnglishastheliterarylanguage.
3HedidmuchinmakingtheLondondialectthefoundationformodernEnglishlanguage.
2.FrancisBacon
时间:
16世纪
Status:
OneofthemostimportantessaywritersduringtheEnglishRenaissance.
Representative:
AdvancementofLearning(1605).学术的进步NewInstrument(1620).新工具
HewasborninthefamilyofSirNicholasBacon,KeeperofPrivySealtoQueenElizabeth.
BaconwasthefounderofEnglishmaterialistandthefounderofmodernscienceinEngland
HeisalsofamousforhisEssays(论说文集).Theseessayscoverawidevarietyofsubjects,suchaslove,truth,friendship,parentsandchildren,beauty,studies,riches,youthandage,garden,death,andmanyothers.
BaconisthefirstEnglishessayist.
4.WilliamShakespeare
Time:
14thcentury---17thcenturytheEnglishRenaissance
Mainworks:
Comedy:
AmidsummerNight’sDream;TheMerchantofVenice;Asyoulikeit;TwelfthNight
Tragedy:
Hamlet;Othello;KingLear;Macbeth
Representative:
Hamlet
HamletisaherooftheRenaissance.Hislearning,wisdom,noble,nature,limitationandtragedyareallrepresentativeofthehumanistsattheturnofthe16thand17thcenturies.
Importance:
ShakespearehasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedtobethesummitoftheEnglishRenaissance,andoneofthegreatestwriterstheworldover.
5.BenJonson
Time:
1572----1637Renaissance
Life:
well-educated,aremarkableGreekandLatinscholar,writefortheLondonstageandbecameoneoftheleadingdramatistsoftheday.
Works:
dozensofplays,includingtragedies,comediesandmasques假面剧.
Tragedies:
Sejanus(1603),Catiline(1611)
Comedies:
EveryManinHisHumour(1598),Volpone,ortheFox(1606),TheAlchemist(1610)andBartholomewFair(1614)
Prose:
Timber,orDiscoveriesMadeuponMenandMatter
Mainworks:
EveryManinHisHumour,tellingthestoryofajealoushusband,acredulous轻信的youngwifeandaboasting吹嘘cowardsoldier,givesusanexcellentstudyofthe“humours”,i.e.temperaments气质ordispositions性情,ofvariouscharactersandthecontemporarymanners.
Volponetalksabouttwomenwhoweregreedyformoneybutfinallyreceivedduepunishment.
TheAlchemistisasatireonalchemy魔力andmakesamockery笑柄,嘲弄ofbothtricksters骗子anddupes上当者.
BartholomewFairhas“allthefunofthefair市集”withitsballad-singers,stall-keepers,bullies,prostitutesandcut-purses,thusportrayingapictureofoldLondonlifeandshowingJonsonathisbest.
Jonson’scomediesare“comediesofhumours”.EverycharacterinJonson’scomediespersonifiesadefinite“humour”.Oneistheembodimentofgreed,anotherofvanity,athirdofbragger.Hedoesnotdelvedeeplyenoughintothecomplexityofhumannatureandhumanrelations.Hispicturesoflifeapproximate近似tocaricatures讽刺画.
Influence:
InhislateryearsJonsonbecamethe“literarykingofhistime”.HewasaforerunnerofclassicisminEnglishliterature,whichwastoreachitshightideinthe18thcentury.HeinfluencedRobertHerrick,authorofthelyricpoemGatherYeRose-budsWhileYeMay.
6.JohnMilton
Background:
Inthelate17thcentury,Englandwasconvulsedwiththeconflictbetweenthetwocamps,theRoyalistsandthePuritans.Englishliteratureofthisrevolutionandrestorationperiodwasverymuchconcernedwiththetremendoussocialupheavalsofthetime.
Majorworks:
ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegained,SamsonAgonistes
ParadiseLosttalksaboutthestoryofcreation.StantemptsEveandAdamtoeatthefruitfromthetreeofknowledge.SotheyareallexpulsedfromHeaven.ItshowstherevoltagainstGod’sauthority.
SamsonAgonistes:
Samsonisanathletewhofightsforthefreedomofhiscountry.Butheisbetrayedbyhiswifeandblindedbyhisenemies.Sohewreakshisvengeanceuponhisenemiesbypullingdownthetempleuponallofthem.ThestoryshowsSamson’slongingforsightandfreedomandsuggestshisdeterminetodefeattheenemyatcostofhisownlife.
Influence:
MiltonwasthegreatestEnglishRevolutionarypoetofthe17thcentury.HisinfluenceisomnipresentinalmostalllaterEnglishpoetry.HeandShakespearehavealwaysbeenregardedastwopatternsofEnglishverse.
7.JohnBunyan
流派:
LiteratureoftheEnglishbourgeoisrevolution
时代:
Revolutionperiod(17thcentury)
主要作品:
ThePilgrim’sProgress
作品突出特点:
ThePilgrim’sProgressisareligiousallegory.IttellsofthespiritualpilgrimageofChristian,whofliesfromtheCityofDestruction,meetswiththeperilsandtemptations,facesandovercomesthedemonAppollyon,andfinallycomestotheDelectableMountainsandtheCelestialCity.Thecityisthevisionofanidealhappysocietydreamedbyapoortinkerinthe17thcentury,throughaveilofreligiousmist.
作家地位:
HisworkThePilgrim’sProgress
影响:
Hepreachedthetruthashesawitanddirectedhisattacksagainstsocialabusesandtheoppressorsofthepoor.ThePilgrim’sProgresswongreatsuccess,especiallyfromlowclassesandhasbecomeoneofthemostpopularworksinEnglishlanguage..
8.AlexanderPope:
时间;18th
流派:
Theenlightenmentandclassicism
代表作品:
EssayonCriticism/TheRapeoftheLock
主要作品介绍:
EssayonCriticismisadidacticpoemwritteninheroiccouplets.IttellsthepoetsandcriticstowriteandappreciatepoetryaccordingtotheprinciplessetupbytheoldGreekandRomanwriters.
意义及影响:
PopewasanoutstandingenlightenerandthegreatestEnglishpoetoftheclassicalschoolinthefirsthalfofthe18thcentury.HeisthemostimportantrepresentativeoftheEnglishclassicalpoetry.
9.JonathanSwift(1667—1745)
流派:
Realism
时代:
TheEnlightenment
主要作品:
ATaleofaTub,theBattleoftheBooks,Gulliver’sTravels,theDrapier’sLetters,aModestProposal
最突出作品Gulliver’sTravels,aModestProposal,ATaleofaTub
Gulliver’sTravels
内容:
Inthefirstpart,thevoyagetoLilliputisfullofreferencestocurrentpolitics---theToriesandtheWhigs.
Inthesecondpart,thevoyagetoBrobdingnag.
Inthethirdpart,thevoyagetoFlyingIslandisasatireonphilosophersandprojectors.
Inthelastpart,thevoyagetothecountriesofhorses,thesatireisthebitterest.
意义:
Itgivesanunparalleledsatiricaldepictionofthevicesofhisage.
AModestProposal
内容:
Intheproposal,SwiftsuggestedwithbitterironythatthepovertyoftheIrishpeopleshouldberelievedbythesaleofchildren.
意义:
ThisproposalisamostheartbreakingpieceofsarcasmthatfieryindignationhasgivenbirthtoandamostpowerfulblowattheEnglishgovernment’spolicyofexploitationandoppressioninIreland.
ATaleofaTub
内容:
Anoldmandiedandleftacoat,i.e.theChristiandoctrine,toeachofhisthreesons,withminutedirectionforitscareanduse.ThesethreesonsstandforRomanCatholics,AnglicansandPuritans.Theyevadetheirfather’swill,interpretiteachinhisownway,andchangethefashionoftheirgarment.
意义:
Thisisasatireuponallreligioussects.TheRomanCatholicChurchandPuritansareterriblysatirizedwhiletheChurchofEnglandisprofessedtobejustified.Swift’ssatirebecomesanattackonChristianityitself.
补充:
作者的风格:
SwiftisoneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose.Hislanguageissimple,clearandvigorous.
Swiftisamastersatirist,andhisironyisdeadly.Buthissatireismaskedbyanoutwardgravityandanapparentcalmnessconcealshisbitterirony.
10.DanielDefoe
(英国和欧洲小说之父,英国启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人)
时代:
Theendof17thcentury—18thcentury流派:
Realism
作品:
CaptainSingleton、MollFlanders、colonelJacque
代表作:
RobinsonCrusoe鲁滨孙漂流记
内容:
Thisbookisdividedintothreepart.ThefirstparttellsushisthreevoyageexperiencesandBrazil'splantations;thesecondpartdescribesthatRobinsonisonadesertislandbecauseoftheheavywindontheseaandlivesbyhimselfontheislandfor28years.Thethirdparttellsushisrestlifeafterhegoesbackhome.
意义:
ThecharacterofRobinsonCrusoeisrepresentativeoftheEnglishbourgeoisieattheearlierstagesofitsdevelopment.
地位及影响:
Heis“ThefatheroftheBritishandEuropeannovels,thefounderoftheBritishenlightenmentrealisticnovel”.
12.HenryFielding(Englishnovelist,playwright)
Socialbackground:
就是整个现实主义的大背景
Schools:
Realism
Mainworks:
(novel)JosephAndrewsTomJones(masterpiece)Amelia
BriefintroductionofTomJones:
Ittellsthestoryofanillegitimate(私生的)child,TomJones,broughtupbysquireMr.Allworthy,whileTomefellinlovewithaneighboringsquire’sdaughterSophia.WhenTomisbanishedtomakehisownfortuneandSophiafollowshimtoLond
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英国 文学史 知识点