外刊经贸知识选读重点.docx
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外刊经贸知识选读重点.docx
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外刊经贸知识选读重点
外刊经贸知识选读最新串讲资料第一章
一、术语
制成品manufacturedgoods资本货物capitalgoods国际收支balanceofpayments经常项目currentaccount有形贸易项目visibletradeaccount无形贸易项目invisibletradeaccount贸易顺差tradesurplus贸易逆差tradedeficit
易货贸易barter补偿贸易compensationtrade反向贸易counter-trade组装生产assemblymanufacturing工商统一税industrialandcommercialconsolidatedtax合资企业jointventure延期付款deferredpayment买方信贷buyercredit卖方信贷suppliercredit软贷款(低息贷款)softloan最惠国待遇MFNtreatment(MostFavorednationtreatment)
永久性正常贸易关系PNTR(PermanentNormalTradingRelations)国民收入NI(NationalIncome)国民生产总值GNP(GrossNationalProduct)国内生产总值GDP(GrossDomesticProduct)国际复兴和开发银行IBRD(InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment)国际开发协会IDA(InternationalDevelopmentAssociation)国际金融公司IFC(InternationalFinanceComporation)经济合作和发展组织OECD(OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment)
国际清算银行BIS(BankforInternationalSettlement)欧洲经济共同体EEC(EuropeanEconomicCommunity)欧洲联盟EU(EuropeanUnion)外商直接投资FDI(ForeignDirectInvestment)
1.ThespecialEconomicZone经济特区
2.awell-placedsource一位高层消息灵通人士
3.infrastructure基础设施
4.capitalstock实际资本
5.consumergoods消费品
6.preferentialtaxrate优惠税率
7.cooperativeenterprise合作(经营)企业
8.ETDZ(Economic&TechnicalDevelopmentZone)经济技术开发区
9.entrepreneurship企业家精神
10.meansofproduction生产资料
11.stock-taking评估
12.Allocationofresources资源配置
13.macroregulationandcontrol宏观调控
14.fiscalpolicies 财政政策
15.tightmonetarypolicy紧缩的货币政策
16.workingcapital运营资本
17.basicpolicy基本国策
18.technicaltransformation技术革新一、术语:
1.economicheavyweight举足轻重的经济强国
mercialhub商业活动中心
3.Percapita人均
4.GrossNationalProduct国民生产总值
5.punitiveimporttariff惩罚性进口关税
6.securities有价证券
7.realestatemarket房地产市场
8.“GreaterChina”tradebloc“大中华”贸易集团
9.conglomerate跨行业公司
10.consortium国际财团
11.GATT:
GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade关贸总协定1.centrally-plannedeconomy中央计划经济
2.marketeconomy市场经济
3.disinflationary(anti-inflationary)policies反通货膨胀政策
4.deflation通货紧缩
5.short-termdollarinterestrates短期美元利率
moditymarket商品市场
7.nominal(dollar)terms名义(美元)价
8.constant(dollar)terms不变(美元)价9.businesscycle商业周期
10.weightedaverage加权平均数
11.hardcurrencies硬通货
12.fiscaladjustment财政调整
13.portfolioinvestment有价证券投资
14.marketdiversification市场多元化
15.tightcreditpolicy紧缩的信贷政策
16.exchange-ratedevaluation汇率贬值
17.accommodativemonetarypolicy融通性货币政策
18.yieldcurve收益曲线
19.percapitaGDP人均国内生产总值
20.GATT:
GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade关贸总协定
21.EMS:
EuropeanMonetarySystem欧洲货币体系
22.GDPdeflator消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数(GDP平减指数)
23.CMEA(Comecon):
CouncilforMutualEconomicAssistance经互会
24.LIBOR:
LondonInter-BankOfferedRate伦敦同业银行优惠利率
22.percapitaincome人均收入
23.multilateraltradeagreements多边贸易协定
24.Portfolioinvestment证券投资
25.cyclicaldecelerationininvestmentspending生产总值通货膨胀因素指数
26.thepopulation-weightedgrowthrate人口加权增长率
traderepresentative贸易谈判代表
governmentprocurement政府采购
NAFTA(NorthAmericaFreeTradeAgreements)北美自由贸易协定
tradesanctions贸易制裁
tradehawks贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物
一、术语:
thesinglemarket统一大市场MaastrichtTreaty马斯特里赫特条约
barrier-freemarket无壁垒市场free-tradezone自由贸易区
referendum公民复决投票merger兼并
budgetcuts预算削减politicalandeconomicintegration政治经济一体化
deregulation放松管制privatization私有化
二、词语释义:
substantially:
dramatically,significantly,considerably
subsequently:
afterwards
exacerbate:
deteriorate,worsen;aggravate;makeworse
withdraw:
cancellation
theme:
principle
inreturnfor:
inexchangefor
disrupt:
interrupt
destined:
designed
pronounced:
marked
inthewakeof:
following;afterwith
undue:
toomuch;unbearable
reverse:
changetotheopposite
buoyant:
brisk
outcome:
result
boost:
stimulate;promote;develop
recover:
rebound
facilitate:
makeeasy
run-down:
reduction
mountexhibitions:
holdexhibitions
insofaras:
totheextent
bottlenecks:
obstacles
二、词语释义:
1.inpiecemealform:
piecebypiece;gradually逐渐的
2.showpiece:
aprimeoroutstandingexample典范
3.pipedream:
fantasy;daydream;dreamthatcannotberealized白日梦
4.fromscratch:
fromtheverybeginning从零开始,从最初开始
5.grassroots:
basiclevel基层
6.thedustsettles:
theconfusionends尘埃落定
7.inthedriver’sseat:
inthedominantposition
二、词语释义:
1.jockey:
move
2.isbustlingwith:
isfilledwith
3.giddy:
dizzy;euphoric
4.farfetched:
improbable;incredible
5.clear:
earnanetprofit
6.dealahardblowtstrikeheavily
7.rung:
level
8.retaliation:
returnofilltreatmentforilltreatment;revenge;reprisal
9.careeroutofcontrol:
runoutofcontrol
二、词语释义:
1.inarow:
insuccession
2.easing:
slowingdown;decrease
3.momentum:
forceofmovement
4.underlying:
beingatthebasisof
5.slackening:
slowingofspeed
pound:
worsen
7.moderateinflation:
easeinflation
8.robust:
strongandhealthy
9.setbacks:
frustrations
10.slump:
depression
11.edgedown:
moveslowlydown
12.depreciation:
devaluation
13.spike:
abruptincrease
14.pick-up:
recovery
15.reinin:
control
16.bottoming-out:
reachingthelowestpointbeforerisingagain(止跌回升)
17.stagnat:
stop;almost
二、词语释义:
1.tough:
uncompromising(不妥协的,强硬的)
2.discrimination:
unfairtreatment
3.sanctions:
penalty
4.escalate:
develop;intensify
5.frictions:
conflicts
6.procurement:
purchase
7.bebulliedintodoing:
beforcedtodo
8.isawaketisconsciousof
9.amenabletoresponsiveto
10.araggedstart:
apoorstart
11.intolerable:
unbearable
12.retaliate:
revenge;reprisal
13.impose:
exert;influence
14s.drawn-out:
prolongedandboring
15.shock:
impact
16.prompting:
provoking
17.tactical:
skillful
18.underpinning:
foundation
19.peeved:
annoyed
20.embrace:
acceptance
二、词语释义:
bigbang:
strongandpowerfuleffect;impact(不同凡响的效果)
sour:
worsenbacklash:
astrongadversereaction
beburstingto:
beeagerto(迫不及待地…)skid:
slide;fall
gushabout:
talkaboutwithexcessiveenthusiasm(滔滔不绝地谈论)
translateinto:
transformintohangover:
impendover;threaten
三、句子翻译
1.Duringthe1950sChinaexportedagriculturalproductstotheUSSRandEastEuropeancountriesinreturnformanufacturedgoodsandthecapitalequipmentrequiredforthecountry’sindustrializationprogrammewhichplacedemphasisonthedevelopmentofheavyindustry.
20世纪50年代,中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备,而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
2.ThegrowthofforeigntradewasdistruptedagainduringtheCulturalRevolutionwhenagriculturalandindustrialproductionfellsharplyandtransportationconstraintsbecamemoreserious.
在文化大革命期间,外贸的增长又一次被打断了。
当时农业和工业生产急剧下降,运输管制变的更严重。
3.ExportsgrewmuchfasterthanimportsduringthisperiodnotonlybecauseofthestrongemphasisplacedonexportingbyChina’seconomicplanners,butalsobecauseanumberofindustrialprojectswerepostponedin1979.OfficialrecognitionthatforeigntechnologycouldplayamajorroleinmodernizingtheChineseeconomyhascausedimportstorisebymorethan50percentin1978,placingunduestrainonthenationaleconomy.
在这个时期,出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于中国经济计划者着重强调出口,也是因为大多工业项目在1979年被推迟了。
官方承认外国技术能够在中国经济的现代化化中起重大作用,这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上,从而给国民经济带来了重压。
4.Chineseofficialstresstheimportanceofintroducingadvancedtechnologytodomesticindustry,buttheneedisfortechnologyofvaryingdegreesofsophistication,notnecessarilyforadvancedtechnologyasthattermisunderstoodintheWest.
中国官员强调为国内工业引进先进技术的重要性,但是需要的是各种程度不同的精尖技术,而不是像西方国家理解的先进技术。
5.Therearenoofficialstatisticscoveringtheinvisibleaccountofthebalanceofpayments,butthesizeofthevisibletradesurplusduring1981-1983andapronouncedincreaseinearningsfromtourismsuggestthatthecurrentaccounthasbeeninsurplusoverthepastfewyears.没有官方的统计资料涉及无形贸易收支,但在1981-1983年期间的有形贸易顺差的大小和旅游赢利的显著增长表明了经常项目在过去几年里有盈余。
6.Goodsareproducedaccordingtoasampleprovidedbythecustomer,whilestrongencouragementisgiventocompensationtradewherebyaforeignsellersuppliesrawmaterialsandequipmentandreceivesmanufacturedgoods,producedbytheequipmentprovided,inreturn.Compensationtradediffersfrombarterorcounter-tradeinsofarasthereisadirectlinkbetweentheequipmentsuppliedfromabroadandthemanufacturedproduct.Assemblymanufacturingbeganin1978andparticularformsofforeigntradeareeligibleforexemptionfromcustomsdutiesandtaxation.
根据顾客提供的样品来生产产品,同时强烈鼓励补偿贸易。
由此国外的供应商提供原材料和设备并收到由其提供的设备生产出来的制成品作为回报。
补偿贸易在某种程度上不同于易货贸易和反向贸易,在国外提供的设备和制成品中有直接的联系。
来件组装始于1978年,特殊的对外贸易形式有资格免除关税和其他税收。
7.ThedebtproblemsconfrontinganumberofdevelopingcountrieshavereinforcedChina’sdeterminationtointroduceforeigntechnologybymeansofdirectinvestmentandconcessionaryfinanceratherthanbyraisingsubstantialsumsofmoneyontheinternationalcapitalmarkets.Theauthoritiesdonotconsideritappropriatetoincurlargeamountsofexternaldebtuntilanumberofpracticalbottlenecksintheeconomy,suchasaninadequatetransportnetworkandenergyconstraints,havebeentackled.
许多发展中国家面对的债务问题使中国在引进外国技术时下了这样的决心:
采用直接投资和优惠付款方式融资,而不是在国际资本市场筹集大额的资金。
在经济中的许多实际瓶颈,如运输网络的不足和能源缺乏被克服以前,官方认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。
三、句子翻译:
1.AclearlyconfidentChinahasrolledupalargesectionofitsbamboocurtain,declareditself“opentotheoutsideworld”andhungsignsonnearlyallitscitiesinvitingforeigninvestorstocomeanddoseriousbusiness.
明显地,满怀信心的中国卷起了大部分的竹幕,并宣布向外部世界开放,打出邀请外国投资者来它所有的城市投资项目的招牌。
2.Theliterally,thisdoesnotmakemoresenseasthepartsofthecoastwhichhavenotbeen“opened”aresimplynotreadyforthedemandsofforeignbusinessman.
从字面上来理解,这没有太大的意义,由于部分沿海城市还没有为外商的需求做好准备。
3.IntheSEZs,whicharebein
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