《新思维英语阅读Ⅲ》教学辅导第4章.docx
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《新思维英语阅读Ⅲ》教学辅导第4章.docx
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《新思维英语阅读Ⅲ》教学辅导第4章
《新思维英语阅读Ⅲ》教学辅导(第4章)
CHAPTER4LIFESTYLES
ThemeIntroduction:
Whatreallymakesushappy?
Whetherwearerichorpoor,educatedoruneducated,allofusseeksomehappinessthroughourlifestyle.Forsome,itisimportanttohaveafastcar,forothers,alongyearlyholiday,forothers,toseetheirchildrenwell-fedandwell-educated,andforstillothers,tositinthequietwoodsawayfromtelevisions,telephonesandcomputers.Lifestylesvarydependingonculture,age,gender,occupation,etc.Inthisunityouwillreadaboutavarietyoflifestylechoices.
ReadingSkillPractised:
GuessingVocabularyfromContext
Learningtoguessthemeaningofunknownwordsfromthecontextofthesentenceorparagraphwillhelpyoubecomeabetterreader.Thisskillcanbedevelopedbypractisingreadingwithoutadictionary,andbypayingattentiontosignalpunctuationandsignalwordswhichhelpthereaderguessthemeaning.
ReadingSkill:
GuessingMeaningfromContext
Learningtoguessthegeneralmeaningofunknownwordsfromthecontextofthesentenceorparagraphwillhelpyoubecomeafaster,moreeffectivereader.Thereisadifferencebetweenpassiveandactivevocabulary.Youdonotneedactivevocabularytobecomeagoodreader.Passivevocabularyincludeswordsthatyouunderstandwhenyoureadbutdonotknowhowtousewhenyouarespeakingorwriting.Forreading,evennativelanguagereadersaresatisfiedwithpassivevocabulary,thatis,withageneralunderstandingofthewordwithoutknowingitsexactdefinitionorshadesofmeaning.Inotherwords,youdonotneedtoreachforyourdictionarytocheckeveryunknownwordwhileyouarereading.Infact,youshouldnotdothis.Soputawayyourdictionaryandtakeoutyourimagination!
Hereisanexamplefromthefirstparagraphofthereadingyoujustcompleted:
Imaginesomethingunhealthy,dangerousandexpensive,andyouwillnoticeitisoftenenjoyable,too.TheFrenchcallthis"thegoodlife"andsaythatlifeshouldbeenjoyedgenerously,notprotectedcarefully.
Itisnothardtoguessthemeaningofthewordgenerously.Perhapsyoudon'tknowtheexactdefinition,butthereisenoughinformationfromthesurroundingwordstohelpyoutomakeanintelligentguess.Ifyouhadtopickoneofthefollowingwordsasbeingsimilarinmeaningtogenerously,whichwouldyoupick?
carefully/alittle/withoutlimit/withworry
Didyouchoosewithoutlimit?
Thatistheintelligentguess.ThesentencestellusthattheFrenchwanttoenjoyevenunhealthyanddangerousthings,anddon'twanttolivecarefully.Thisgivesustheimpressionoflivingfreely,withoutlimits,ratherthanbeingcarefulorworried.
Sometimes,ofcourse,itisnecessarytoknowtheexactdictionarydefinitionofaword;forexample,whenyouareusingthewordinyourownspeakingorwriting,orifyouaretakingavocabularytestontheTOEFLorTOEIC.Butinthecaseofreading,checkingeveryunknownwordinthedictionarynotonlyslowsdownyourpaceandmakesyoulosethegeneralmeaningoftheparagraph,italsomakesyoulessconfidenttouseyourintelligenceandimagination.Ofcoursedictionariesareusefulandnecessary,andsometimesthereisbestinthisreadingcoursetouseyourbrainmorethanyourdictionary!
Practice:
Itisnotalwayspossibletogettheexactmeaningofthewordfromthecontext.Butknowingtheexactmeaningofawordisnotusuallynecessarytounderstandingtheparagraph.Usethecontextofthesentencetodeterminethemeaningoftheunderlinedword.Thenchoosethewordorphrasewhichbestexpressestheword'smeaning.
1.Muchoftheworld,andtheU.S.inparticular,hasgoneonan"anti-fat"campaign.
A.plannedactivitiessupportingabeliefB.campingC.holiday
2.HeartattacksareabouttwiceaslikelytostrikeAmericansasFrench.
A.topleaseB.tohitC.tochange
3.YoungprofessionalAmericansarebecomingmorecautiousabouttheiralcoholintake,sayingthatitissafer,healthiertodrinklesswineandmoreorangejuice.
A.carefulB.carelessC.happy
4.Drugcompaniesareworkingonapillthatwillreproducethehealthfulchemicalpropertiesofwine.
A.throwawayB.getridofC.createsomethingsimilar
Itisverysimple!
Thekeysshouldbe:
1.A2.B3.A4.C
ReadingSkill:
ContextualParaphrasingbyPunctuation
Thereareotherwaysofusingcontexttoguessthemeaningofunknownwords.Sometimesthewriterwillparaphrase(useotherwords)tomakehismeaningclearerforthereader.Theseparaphrasesareoftensignalledbypunctuation.Thepunctuationwhichsignal
paraphrasesinclude:
comma(,)
doubledash(—)
setofparentheses()
Forexample,inReadingOneofthischapter,thefollowingsentenceisgiveninparagraph2:
Theyloaduptheirshoppingcartswithfoisgras(fattygooseliver),richcheese,butter-soakedcakesandpastries.
InthissentencetheunknownFrenchphrasefoisgrasisdefinedforyouinasetparentheses,as.fattygooseliver.Theunknownwordiscircled,anditsdefinitionisunderlined.
Practice:
Thefollowingsentencesusecontextualparaphrasingbypunctuation.Circlethewordswhicharebeingdefined.Thenunderlinethedefinition.
1.Theyareoptimisticexpectingthebestintheirfuture.
2.Chineseentrepreneursbeganaccumulatinggatheringmoremoneyinthelate1990's.
3.Onereasonfortheirdiscomfortisthattheyrealizethattheprosperity—wealth—thathascreatedthegroupofnewly-richhasnotbenefitedallChineseequally.
4.Manyworkershavebeenlaidoff,losingtheirjobstemporarilyforeconomicreasons,fromstate-runfactories.
ReadingSkill:
ContextualParaphrasingbySignalWords
Anotherwayofusingcontexttoguessthemeaningofunknownwordsistonoticewhenthewriterusessignalwordstoindicateaparaphrase.Tomakehismeaningclearerforthereader,sometimesthewriterwillsignalaparaphraseofdifficultwordsbythefollowingsignalwords:
i.e.-thatis
thatis
inotherwords
or
Forexample,inReadingOneofthischapter,thefollowingsentenceisgiveninparagraph2:
(Hedonism),thatis,believingthatpleasureisthepurposeoflife,seemstobringhealth,notillness.
Inthissentencethemeaningofthedifficultwordhedonismissignalledforyoubytheexpressionthatis.Afterthesignalwordsthatis,thedefinitionofthedifficultwordfollows.Inthisexample,theunknownwordiscircled,anditsdefinitionisunderline
Practice
Inthefollowingsentences,aparaphraseofdifficultwordsissignalledbythesignalwordsgivenabove.Circlethewordswhicharebeingdefined.Thenunderlinethedefinition.
1.Whilemostoftheworldseemstobemotivatedbymoremoney,therearesomeindependentsoulswhoaretiredoftherat-race,thatis,thestressfulpressuresofworkinghardtogetahead.
2.Eachofthesegroupsplacesahighpriorityonasenseofcommunity,inotherwords,thefeelingofbelongingandmutualsupport.
3.Itismulti-generational,i.e.withagesrangingfromchildrentoseniors.
4.Thesecommunitiesarethenewestexpressionofthe300-year-oldAmericandesiretobuildanon-hierarchical,orequal,communitywithvaluesuncorruptedbythelargersociety.
MainIdeaofReadingMaterials:
ReadingOne:
本文通过对法国人生活方式地描述,指出:
法国人心中“好生活”地概念是:
一切顺其自然,无所顾忌,尽情享受的生活。
ReadingTwo:
本文指出近年来中国出现了一个富有的白领阶层,这类人独立、自信、乐观,在中国社会中引领出一种全新的生活方式。
但是,在中国当时贫富悬殊的社会背景下,他们比其他人更加感觉不自在。
ReadingThree:
本文叙述了美国人如何放弃现代都市生活,回归乡野自然简朴生活的事实,并指出:
美国社会中那些疲于劳碌奔波的人逐渐组成了一些互助社区。
尽管各社区成员在人生观和生活方式上大不相同,但他们有一个共同的目的,那就是:
共同致力于生态和家庭的发展。
ReadingFour:
本文是一篇以“变换生活节奏”为主题的访问稿,文中专家指出了转换生活节奏的原因及方式,并建议:
生活应有张有弛。
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