高考英语语法填空考点辨析.docx
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高考英语语法填空考点辨析.docx
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高考英语语法填空考点辨析
高考英语语法填空考点辨析
1、知识点
语法填空解题技巧:
三步完成:
概读理解–分析填空–连贯检查
语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以动词(verb)(或其适当形式)、名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、冠词(article)、介词(prep.)、情态动词(modalverbs)、连词(conj)或引导词、形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)考查各项语法容。
考点一:
冠词:
无提示词、可数名词单数之前
1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey….Sothefarmerkilled[40]__________goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.
2.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas[35]________shy,nervousperfectionist.
3.…theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittosmalltownsome20kilometersaway
[解题技巧]
下列情况很可能:
填不定冠词:
(1)________+可数名词(单数);
(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。
下列情况下很可能填:
定冠词:
(1)________(+定语)+名词+of等介词短语(表示特指);
(2)________(+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指);
(3)________(+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
考点二:
介词:
无提示词、注意搭配问题
与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等
与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语
1、Inshort,Ibelievethatitis[39]________greatusetokeepadairyinEnglish…
2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback[34]_________thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.
3.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes_________sale.
4.Hewasverytired_______________doingthisforawholeday…
考点三:
代词:
无提示词
作主语用主格,作宾语用宾格,注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。
指示代词(it和this),不定代词,it用作引导词,反身代词等
1.Sherememberedhowdifficult_________wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.
2.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinmyvillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused_____.
3.Ithasbeensaidbefore,butexperiencingitmyselfhasmade_____wanttosayitagain:
asmile…
[解题技巧]
因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当,而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查,所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时,通常填代词,包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等。
在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。
考点四:
连词或从句引导词:
无提示词、两个主谓结构连接
1.Itwasnotlong[39]_________thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetableandsuddenlywassurprisedatwhatshesaw.
2.Butnothingchangeduntilmidterm,[39]_________MaryAnne,astudentteacher,wasappointedtoourclassroom.
3.Janepausedinfrontofacounter______someattractivetieswereondisplay.
4.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_____hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.
[解题技巧]
(1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时,应填并列连词and,or,but等。
(2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间,没有句号或分号,也没有连词,那空格处必定是填连接词,否则,句子结构就不完整。
根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据句式结构,确定是并列句(多要求考生填and,but,while,when,or等)还是某种主从复合句。
然后根据各类从句的特点,结合连接词的意义和用法,确定填具体的某个连词。
考点五:
谓语动词:
有提示词、与主语构成主谓结构
1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_______(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.
2.Hisfearoffailure________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.
3.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften________(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.
1.Doyouwanttoknowwhywe_____(move)lastyear?
2.Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguidethatthemountainclimbers__________.(rescue)
注意:
1、若句子没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词是谓语动词,若是谓语就要考虑时态和语态。
ItwasraininglightlywhenI_______(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.(2015新课标Ⅰ)
Yangshuo____(be)reallybeautiful.(2015新课标Ⅰ)
Bepatient!
TaiChi________(call)“shadowboxing”(太极拳)inEnglish.(2014卷)
非谓语:
分词作状语
1.________(follow)bymanyfans,thesingerwalkedoutofthehall.
2.________(follow)thefamoussinger,thecrazyfanswalkedoutofthehall.
若句子中已有谓语动词,所给提示动词为非谓语动词———分词作状语时,根据分词与句子主语的关系确定分词形式。
主语若是分词动作的执行者,用Ving形式;主语若是分词动作的承受者,用Ved形式。
非谓语:
分词作定语
3.Theworkers__________(build)thebridgecamefromalloverthecountry.
4.Thenovels________(write)byMoYanarepopular,attractingmoreandmorereaders.
若句子中已有谓语动词,所给提示动词为非谓语动词——分词作定语。
Ving形式作定语表示主动或进行;Ved形式作定语表示被动或完成。
非谓语:
不定式作宾语
5.Wehope_______(get)therebeforedark.
动词不定式作宾语,需识记只接不定式作宾语的动词。
有want,wait,offer,long,fail,hope,expect,ask,decide,determine,manage,agree,afford,arrange,promise,pretend等。
练习:
1.________(see)nobodyathome,hedecided
toleavethemanote.
2.Thegirlscamein,________(follow)theirparents.
3._______(see)fromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.
4.______(give)moretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.
5.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople_________(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.
6.Nooneknowsthegirl________(stand)there.
7.Iremembered_______(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice.
2、有时给出的动词既不是谓语形式也不是非谓语形式,这时需要进行词类转换。
例如:
ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather________(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.
1.Withtherapideconomic________(grow)ofourcountry,wenowareeatingalotoffoodthatishighinsugarandfat.(2015备考)
2.…therewasalotofinformationaboutthecity’swell-knowntourist__________(attract)…
提示动词前有形容词,形容词一般修饰名词,故需将动词转换为其名词形式。
考点六:
非谓语动词:
有提示词、除谓语动词以外的动词形式
1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson[32]__________(receive)thegift.
2.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____________(complete)therest!
3.Mypupils,Donnie[40]__________(include),adoredher.4.Shewishedthathewasaseasy_________(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.
考点七:
词性转换:
有提示词
介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子
1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid[36]__________(rude).
2.AsfarasIamconcerned,my[37]____________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.
3.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_______(nature)course.
4.____________(doubt),althoughthereisstillroomforimprovementtothispolicy,Ithinkitisstillagoodonewhichbringsmoregoodthanharmtothestudentsandthenation.
考点八:
形容词的级别:
有提示词
通常,有表示围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时,一般要用最高级;than的前面一定要用比较级
1、Oneofthe[33]__________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher…
2.…Wewerebothlaughingthewholetimeatourcompleteinabilitytocommunicateinwords.
Whenitwastimetoleave,Isaid“thankyou”inKorean,usingsomeofthefewwordsIhadlearned.Ifelt__________(lonely)thanIhadexpectedthatnight.
3.LucilleCliftonisanaward-winningpoetandwriter.Criticscallheroneofthe_________(great)writersofourtime.
练习:
1.(2015·卷)I'mso________(gratitude)toallthosevolunteersbecausetheyhelpedmyterribledayendhappily.
解析:
句意:
我是如此感激那些志愿者,因为他们帮助我快乐地结束了令人极不愉快的那一天。
begratefulto“对……感激的”。
答案:
grateful
2.(2015·卷)Itwas________(consider)ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.
解析:
句意:
迈克尔考虑得非常周到,他告诉我们他将耽搁一些时间,以防我们担心。
considerate“考虑周到的”。
答案:
considerate
3.(2015·卷)Eventhoughtheconferencehallisnearhisapartment,hehastohurryalittleifhewantstobe_______(punctuality).
解析:
句意:
尽管会议厅在他的公寓附近,可是如果他想按时到达的话也要稍微快一点。
punctual“准时的”。
答案:
punctual
4.(2015·卷)Andyiscontentwiththetoy.Itisthe________(good)hehasevergot.
解析:
句意:
这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。
用最高级形式。
答案:
best
6.(2014·大纲全国卷)Raymond'sparentswantedhimtohavethe________(good)possibleeducation.
解析:
句意:
Raymond的父母想让他尽可能接受最好的教育。
根据题干中的possible可推知设空处需用形容词的最高级,故答案为thebest。
答案:
thebest
7.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Itmaynotbeagreatsuggestion.Butbeforea________(good)oneisputforward,we'llmakedowithit.
解析:
句意:
这个建议可能不是很好。
但是在较好的建议被提出之前,我们会先凑合用它。
本题考查形容词的比较等级。
“a+比较级”表示“一个更……的”,题干中暗含着比较的含义,需使用比较级。
答案:
better
考点九:
副词:
提示词
形容词副词
especialespecially
excitedexcitedly
amazingamazingly
naturalnaturally
realreally
将下列形容词转化为副词形式
第一组:
slowquickcarefulloudsafe
第二组:
Happyluckyheavyangryeasy
第三组:
Terriblegentlepossiblesimple
总结变化规则:
1.直接+ly
2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词变y为i再+ly
3.有些以le结尾的形容词需要去掉e再+y
注意以下以ly结尾的形容词:
Lovely、friendly、ugly、likely
用法1:
副词的用法——修饰形容词
Theboyisreallylovely.
练习:
1.Theclothesare________(extreme)beautiful.
2.Iam________(terrible)sorry.
3.Theboy_________(serious)ill.
用法2:
副词的用法----修饰句子
Surprisingly,thetwolittlegirlscandrawsowell.
练习:
1._________(natural),ourparentsarehappytogetourphonecall.
2.___________(amazing),thetreedidnotdie.
3._______(lucky),apolicemanfoundtheboy.
用法3:
副词的用法————修饰动词
Shesingsbeautifully.
练习:
1."IgotanA."Tom said_______(happy).
2.Myracewent__________(wonderful)fromstarttofinish.
3.Wehopeyourchildrengrow_______(healthy).
练习:
1、Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled_______(warm)andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.(2010卷)
2、Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat______(slow)duringcoldnights.(2015全国新课标卷II)
3、Afterknocking_______(polite)atthedoor,theapplicantenteredtheofficeofthegeneralmanager.
4、________(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.(2015卷)
5、Hemustbe_________(mental)disabled.(2011卷)
6、Shewas___________(surprising)helpful.(2014卷)
7、Theriverwassopollutedthatit________(actual)caughtfireandburned.(2015新课标I)
8、Myuncle___________(immediate)jumpedandshottheirarrowsonthebird.(2015卷)
二、课堂练习
Doyoueverwonderwhyyouyawn?
Whydoyouopenyourmouthwideandtakeadeepbreath?
Well,ascientistattheUniversityofMarylandissearchingfortheanswer.
ProfessorRobertProvinehasbeenstudyingyawningforthepasttwoyears.Buthesayshestilldoesnotknow31peopleyawn.Infact,nooneseemstoknowmuchaboutit.ProfessorProvine’sstudentshavehelpedhimfindoutmoreaboutyawning.Theyagreedto32(watch)whilesittingaloneinsmallrooms.Intherooms,theywatchedtelevisionprograms,orpicturesofpeopleyawning.Ortheyjustsatand33(think)aboutyawning.Studentsalsokeptrecordsofwhentheyyawnedthroughouttheday.
Theprofessorsayshehaslearned34numberofthingsfromtheseexperiments.Hesaysyawningseemslinkedinsomewaytosleeping.Hisstudentsyawnedmostjustbeforesleepingor35wakingfromsleep.Healsofoundthatpeopleyawnmuchwhenthey
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