甘肃省天水市学年高二英语下学期第一学段考试试题.docx
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甘肃省天水市学年高二英语下学期第一学段考试试题.docx
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甘肃省天水市学年高二英语下学期第一学段考试试题
甘肃省天水市2016-2017学年高二英语下学期第一学段考试试题
选择题(共50分)
第一部分阅读(共两节,满分30分)
第一节阅读理解(每小题2分,满分20分)
A
StrangeBaby-NamingLaws
Gemany
Parentsarebannedbylawfromusinglastnamesandthenamesofobjectsandproductsasfirstnames.Achild’sfirstnamesmustclearlyshowhisorhersex,andallnamesmustbeapprovedbytheofficeofvitalstatisties(人口统计)intheareainwhichthechildwasborn.
Iceland
Thecountry’snamingcommitteeconsultstheNationalRegisterofPersonstodetermineifanameisacceptable.Ifparentspreferanamewhichisnotonthelist,theymustapplyforapprovalandpayafee,andthenamemustcontainonlylettersintheIcelandicaiphabet.
NewZealand
Thecountry’sBirths,Deaths,andMarriagesRegistrationActof1995doesn’tallowparentstochooseanamethat“mightcauseoffensetoareasonableperson;isunreasonablylong;oris,includes,orissimilartoanofficialtitleorrank,”including,apparently,AdolfHitlerandYeahDetroit—bothnamesrecentlyrejected.
Denmark
IfDanishparentspreferanamenotonthelistof7,000preapprovedbabynames,theymustgetpermissionfromlocalchurchandgovernmentofficials.15to20percentofthe1,100reviewednames—includingcreativespellingsofcommonnames,lastnamesasfirstnames,andunusualnames—arerejectedeachyear.
1.Youcantellwhetherababyisagirloraboyaccordingtothefirstnamesin_____.
A.GermanyB.NewZealandC.IcelandD.Denmark
2.InIceland,thenamesshould______.
A.beonthenameslistwithoutexceptionB.bepaidalargeamountofmoneyfor
C.containonlylettersintheRomanalphabetD.beacceptedbytheNationalRegisterofPersons
3.InNewZealandthenaminglaw________.
A.usedtoforbidtheuseofthenameofAdolfHitlerB.allowsnamessimilartoanofficialtittleorrank
C.isconsiderateastohowotherpeoplefeelaboutthenamesD.doesn’tallowusinglastnamesasfirstnames
4.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthat________.
A.eachyearabout160-220reviewednamesarerejectedinDenmark
B.babies’namesshouldbeallowedbytheofficeofvitalstatisticsinIceland
C.AdolfHitlerisanamethatisbannedinalltheEuropeancountries
D.parentsmustgiveupbabies’namesifthenamesarenotonthelistinIreland
B
DearMr.Hill,
Weareappreciativeofyourinterestinourproducts.Ifyouvisitourwebsite,you’llseemanyfavorableproductreviews.I’veattachedourcompanycatalogueshowingourentirelineofproducts.
WedesignedtheTopEverestlinetobethemostelegantluggageyoucanfindanywhereintheworld.Somecustomerswanttheluggagetobeasneatly-fittedandlightweightaspossible,soweaskedourdesignerstodojustthat.Youcannotfindamoreneatly-fittedandlightweightluggagethanours.
Inaddition,mostofourcustomerswanttheluggagetobetoughestandmostlong-lasting,sowechosethetoughestandmostlong-lastingmaterialsfortheEverestlineandsubjectedourfirstproductstothemostsevertests.Wehadthemrumoverbysteamrollers(压路机).Wealsohadtrucksrunoverthem.Onlyafewproductssurvivedthesetests.Werecoveredonlythosethatsurvivedthetests,finalizedtheirdesign,andputthemintoproduction.Youcancountonourproducts.Ifyouwanttopurchaseourproductsinalargequantity,wewillgiveyoua10%discount.Iamsureyourstorewillmakemoreprofitsthanever.OnApril6IneedtogoonabusinesstripinTexas.Icandropbyyourstoretomeetwithyouanddiscussourproductsindetail.
Ifwecanbeoffurtherservice,orifyouneedtogetmoreinformation,pleasecallusat356-589-6987atanytime.Wevalueyourbusinessandwanttohelpanywaywecan.
RobinCarter
TopEverest
5.Whatisanadvantageoftheluggage?
A.Itisheavy.B.Itistough.C.Itisbigenough.D.Itiseasytouse.
6.HowcanMr.Hillreceiveapricereduction?
A.HeshouldorderbeforeApril6.B.Heshouldplaceanorderonline.
C.HeshouldvisitMr.Carter’sofficepersonally.D.Heshouldbuyalargenumberoftheproducts.
7.WhydoesMr.Carterwritetheletter?
A.ToreplytoMr.Hill’squestions.B.Topromotesalesofhisproducts.
C.TomakesurehewillmeetMr.Hill.D.Togiveadescriptionabouttheluggage.
C
LetusallraiseaglasstoAlphaGoandtheadvanceofartificial
intelligence.AlphaGo,DeepMind’sGo-playingAI,justdefeatedthe
bestGo-playinghuman,LeeSedol.Butaswedrinktoitssuccess,we
shouldalsobegintryingtounderstanditmeansforthefuture.
ThenumberofpossiblemovesinagameofGoissohugethat,inorder
towinagainstaplayerlikeLee,AlphaGowasdesignedtoadoptahuman-likestyleofgameplaybyusingarelativelyrecentdevelopment—deeplearning.Deeplearninguseslargedatasets,“machinelearning”algorithms(计算程序)anddeepneural(神经的)networkstoteachtheAIhowto performaparticularsetoftasks.RatherthanprogrammingcomplexGorulesandstrategiesintoAlphaGo,DeepMinddesignerstaughtAlphaGotoplaythegamebyfeedingitdatabasedontypicalGomoves.Then,AlphaGoplayedagainstitself,tirelesslylearningfromitsownmistakesandimprovingitsgameplayovertime.Theresultsspeakforthemselves.
Deeplearningrepresentsashiftintherelationshiphumanshavewiththeirtechnologicalcreations.ItresultsinAIthatdisplayssurprisingandunpredictablebehaviour.Commentingafterhisfirstloss,Leedescribedbeingshockedbyanunconventionalmoveheclaimednohumanwouldeverhavemade.DemisHassabis,oneofDeepMind’sfounders,echoedthiscomment:
“We’reverypleasedthatAlphaGoplayedsomequitesurprisingandbeautifulmoves.”
Unpredictabilityandsurprisesare—orcanbe—agoodthing.Theycanindicatethatasystemisworkingwell,perhapsbetterthanthehumansthatcamebeforeit.SuchisthecasewithAlphaGo.However,unpredictabilityalsoindicatesalossofhumancontrol.ThatHassabisissurprisedathiscreation’sbehavioursuggestsalackofcontrolinthedesign.AndthoughsomelossofcontrolmightbefineinthecontextofagamesuchasGo,itraisesurgentquestionselsewhere.
HowmuchandwhatkindofcontrolshouldwegiveuptoAImachines?
HowshouldwedesignappropriatehumancontrolintoAIthatrequiresustogiveupsomeofthatverycontrol?
IstheresomeAIthatweshouldjustnotdevelopifitmeansanylossofhumancontrol?
Howmuchofasayshouldcorporations,governments,expertsorcitizenshaveinthesematters?
Theseimportantquestions,andmanyotherslikethem,haveemergedinresponse,butremainunanswered.Theyrequirehuman,nothuman-like,solutions.
SoaswedrinktothemilestoneinAI,let’salsodrinktotheunderstandingthatthetimetoanswerdeeplyhumanquestionsaboutdeeplearningandAIisnow.
8.WhatcontributesmosttotheunconventionalmoveofAlphaGointhegame?
A.Thecapabilityofself-improvement.B.Theconstantinputoflargedatasets.
C.Theinstallationofdeepneutralnetworks. D. TheknowledgeofGorulesandstrategies.
9.HowshouldwedealwiththeunpredictabilityofAI?
A.WeshouldstopAImachinesfromdevelopingevenfurther.
B.Weshouldcallonthegovernmenttosolvetheseproblemsforus.
C.Weshouldrelyonourselvesandcomeupwitheffectivesolutions.
D.Weshouldinventevenmoreintelligentmachinestosolveeverything.
10.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthisremarkableadvanceinAI?
A.Supportive. B.Optimistic. C.Doubtful. D.Cautious.
笫二节阅读填空(每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
Doyouconstantlyusethecomputer,whetherforlearningorentertainment?
Computersgiveoffradiation(辐射)thatisbadforyourhealth,butherearesomewaystoprotectyourselffromcomputerradiation.
11GreenteacanbeabsorbedbythebodyeasilyintoaformofvitaminA,whichhelpsreduceradiation.
12.
Itisadvisabletoattacharadiationfilterplate(辐射过滤板)infrontofyourcomputer’sscreen.Makesuretoavoidputtinganymetalsubstancesnearyourcomputerasthesemayhavereflectedsomeoftheelectromagneticwavesthatareharmfultoyourhealth.13.Thebrighterthescreenthehighertheradiationtherewillbeandviceversa.
Youcanalsoputsomeradiation-absorbingplantssuchasseveralcactinearyourcomputertopreventradiation.
Makesureyoudoaskincareprotectionbeforesittinginfrontofthecomputer.14Washyourfacesoonafterusingthecomputerinordertoreduce70%oftheradiation.
15Oldcomputeringeneral,hasonetotwotimesmoreradiationsreleasedthanthenewonewithinthesamedistance.
A.Andadjustthebrightnessofyourcomputerscreen.
B.Applyalayeroffacialmasktoprotectyourself.
C.Andadjustthesoundlevelonyourcomputer.
D.Themostefficientwayisbydrinkingsomecoffeeregularly.
E.Thesimplestwayisbydrinking2or3cupsofgreenteaeveryday.
F.Ifpossible,purchaseanewcomputerinsteadofusinganoldmodelcomputer.
G.Italsohelpskeepoureyesseethingsclearlyinthedarkbyimprovingthevisualability.
笫三部分英语知识运用(满分20分)
完形填空(共20小题;每题1分,满分20分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
NickwasnotthekindofboyIhadexpectedtospendmysummerwith.Iwashopingtohavea relaxation thesummerbeforemybusysenioryear,__16__mymotheraskedmetodohera __17__.Oneofhercolleaguesneededafull-time __18__.“Youplannedtovolunteeratthelocalhospital,whynotvolunteerto ___19___Nickinstead?
”Thenshetoldmethatthissix-year-oldboywasnota ___20___child.
Nickwasalovelylittleboywhosufferedfrommanydisorders.Normalday-carecentreswouldnot ___21___him.Asababy,hehadseriousearinfectionswhichlefthimwithequilibrium(平衡)problems.Hecouldn’t ___22___orrunproperly.Iwashesitating___23___Iwastotakethejobwhenmymother ___24___,“Don’tyouwanttobea
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