China leads fight against AIDS.docx

China leads fight against AIDS.docx

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ChinaleadsfightagainstAIDS

Countryhasthepotentialtoeradicatethedreadedepidemicandthelessonslearnedcanre-engineerHIVeffortsacrosstheworld

WorldAIDSDayisatimewhenpeoplearoundtheworldremember,rejoiceandrecommittofightingforacause.InChina,manypeople,institutions,organizationsandcommunitieswilldothesame.OnWorldAIDSDay,observedonDec1everyyear,werememberthemillionsofpeoplewhohavelosttheirlivestoAIDS.Butwecanalsorejoiceattheincredibleprogresswehavemadetogether.Thankstoourjointefforts,newHIVinfectionsgloballyhavedroppedalmost40percentsince2001,andAIDS-relateddeathshavefallenby35percentsincetheirpeakin2005.

Now,some30yearssincethevirusfirstmadeheadlines,wearemakingnewsofadifferentsort.ThereisgrowingconsensusthatwecanendtheAIDSepidemicasapublichealththreatby2030byscalingupinterventionswhichhaveprovedhighlyeffective.Ifweactwithspeed,focusanddeterminationwecanavert28millionnewHIVinfectionsand21millionAIDS-relateddeathsby2030.

Thisnewhopemakesitallthemoreimportantforcountriesandcommunitiestorecommitandredoubletheireffortstoeradicatethisepidemicwhichhasdevastatedsomanylives.Chinaasaworldleadercanleadtheway.

China'sinfluenceisincreasinglyseeninmanyareas,includingeconomics,politics,cultureanddevelopmentcooperation.Thecountryisaninnovatorwhenitcomestohealth,makinglargeinvestmentsininfrastructureandprovidingcrucialservicestothemostremoteareasofthecountryandevenhalfwayaroundtheglobeinseveralAfricancountries.

Morethanadecadeago,Chinabeganextendinguniversalhealthcaretoitscitizens,andfreeHIVtestingandtreatmentverysoonbecamepartofthepackage.TheapproachtoinclusionandleavingnoonebehindisspeedingupsocialtransformationinthecountryandhelpingAfricancountriestodothesame.

Overtheyears,HIVprogramminghasrespondedtotheepidemicbyinvestingsignificantfinancialandhumanresourcesinallregionsofChina,resultinginbetterhealthforeveryone.EffortstoaddressHIVtransmissionthroughbloodandbloodproductshavebeensuccessful.

Lastyear,110millionpeopletestedforHIV.Inaddition,millionsofcondomsweredistributedamongkeygroups,includingfemalesexworkersandtheirclients,andmenwhohavesexwithmen.China'santiretroviraltherapyprogramforpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDShasbeensignificantlyscaledupwithmorethanaquarterofamillionpeoplecurrentlyontreatment.Andthecountryhaspioneeredtheinnovative"TestandTreat"programforkeygroupswhichmakestreatmentavailabletopeoplewhotestHIVpositiveassoonaspossible,regardlessoftheirimmunestatus.ThewidespreadavailabilityofantiretroviraltreatmentforHIVpositivepeoplehasledtoadecreaseinmortalityandareductioninmother-to-childtransmissionrates.

But,toquoteNelsonMandela,"Afterclimbingagreathill,wefindthattherearemanymorehillstoclimb."

Inspiteofthehardworkthathasgoneintotheprogramming,datatellusthatChinastillhaslotsmoretodo.

Asinalotofothercountries,HIVservicesinChinastilldonotconsistentlyreachsomepeople.Keygroupsincludinggaymenandothermenwhohavesexwithmen,transgenderpeople,andpeoplewhobuyandsellsexareathigherriskofcontractingHIVandneedtoaccesseffectivepreventionandtreatmentservices.

WhileChinahasuseditspublichealthinfrastructureeffectivelyindeliveringservicestosomeofitsmostpopulouscitiesandsomeofthefurthestregions,thereisaneedtotailortheservicestomeettheneedsofkeygroupsandexpandcommunity-basedtestingandtreatmentapproaches.Healthworkersandpublicofficialsneedtocreateanenvironmentthatencouragespeoplewhoarehardtoreachandtheirfamiliestovoluntarilyaccesskeyservices.

StrongcommitmentfromChina'stopleadershiphasledtoabigexpansioninthedomesticfundingforAIDSresponseandthecountryhasmovedintoapositionofcompleteself-sufficiency.However,itisclearthathealthfinancingisnolongerjustaboutmoney.Chinaneedstoincreasinglygobeyonditsinitialsuccessintheroll-outoflarge-scaleHIVprogramsandfocuson"how"toreachpeoplewhoarecurrentlyfallingthroughthecracksandalltoooftennotaccessinglife-savingprevention,treatmentandcareservices.

China'sreflectionsonhowtoreducecostsandinnovationsinitshealthsystemwillbenefitmanypeople,andthecountrycandemonstratehowstrategicapproachestospendingcanmovetheworldtowardendingtheAIDSepidemic.

UNAIDSvisionforendingAIDSasapublichealththreatby2030canbearealityinChinaandthelessonslearntfromChinacanre-engineerHIVeffortsacrosstheworld.

Sexologistexploresrealitiesofgaylife,prostitution.

OnaneveninginearlyApril2006,FangGang,a38-year-oldPhDcandidatefromRenminUniversity,walkedintoanightclubinShenzhen,Guangdongprovince.Itwashisthirdvisittotheclub-butforworkratherthanentertainmentFangwasdoingresearchonmalesexworkers,knownasnangongguan,literallymalepublicrelationsworkers,forhisPhDthesis.However,thistimeherealizedsomethingsignificanthadoccurredtohim.

"ThemomentwhenIsteppedthroughthedoor,IrealizedIwasbehavingdifferentlythanonmytwopreviousvisits.InolongercaredabouthowIshouldwalkorspeak.Itwasasnaturalas10yearsagowhenIfirstarrivedattheofficeofthenewspaperIworkedfor.It'samazingtorealizehowfastyoucanchange,andhowfastandprofoundthesurroundingscanchangeyou,"hesays.

Fang'sfieldresearchlastedtwomonths.Hewastryingtofindout,inthatspecificenvironment,howthemen'smasculinityinfluencedtheirbehaviorintheirsexualrelationshipswithfemalecustomersandifitchanged.

"Influencedbythehegemonicmasculinityrecognizedbythesocietythatmanshoulddominatewoman,sometimesnangongguanwouldrefusetoprovidetheservicesthattheirwomancustomerswanted,becausetheythoughtthatwasnotwhatmenshoulddo,"Fangsays.

Forexample,hesays,awomancustomer'srequestthattwonangongguanskissforhertowatchwasrejected.

Askedwhetherhewaseverexposedto"dangerous"situations,Fangreplies,"never".

FangGangsayshealwaysidentifieshimselfwiththemarginalized,andhetracesthereasonforthisbacktohischildhood.ProvidedtoChinaDaily

Sexologistexploresrealitiesofgaylife,prostitution.

OnaneveninginearlyApril2006,FangGang,a38-year-oldPhDcandidatefromRenminUniversity,walkedintoanightclubinShenzhen,Guangdongprovince.Itwashisthirdvisittotheclub-butforworkratherthanentertainmentFangwasdoingresearchonmalesexworkers,knownasnangongguan,literallymalepublicrelationsworkers,forhisPhDthesis.However,thistimeherealizedsomethingsignificanthadoccurredtohim.

"ThemomentwhenIsteppedthroughthedoor,IrealizedIwasbehavingdifferentlythanonmytwopreviousvisits.InolongercaredabouthowIshouldwalkorspeak.Itwasasnaturalas10yearsagowhenIfirstarrivedattheofficeofthenewspaperIworkedfor.It'samazingtorealizehowfastyoucanchange,andhowfastandprofoundthesurroundingscanchangeyou,"hesays.

Fang'sfieldresearchlastedtwomonths.Hewastryingtofindout,inthatspecificenvironment,howthemen'smasculinityinfluencedtheirbehaviorintheirsexualrelationshipswithfemalecustomersandifitchanged.

"Influencedbythehegemonicmasculinityrecognizedbythesocietythatmanshoulddominatewoman,sometimesnangongguanwouldrefusetoprovidetheservicesthattheirwomancustomerswanted,becausetheythoughtthatwasnotwhatmenshoulddo,"Fangsays.

Forexample,hesays,awomancustomer'srequestthattwonangongguanskissforhertowatchwasrejected.

Askedwhetherhewaseverexposedto"dangerous"situations,Fangreplies,"never".

Sixmunicipalparksinthecapitalhavelauncheddifferenttourismroutestopromotesitesintheparks,whichwerevisitedbygloballeadersandtheirspousesduringtheAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation（APEC）meetingearlierthismonth,accordingtoBeijingMunicipalAdministrationCenterofParks.

TheparkshavemadespecialarrangementstobestrepresenttheroutesandsceneswhentheAPECguestsvisited.Visitorscanfollowtheroutestoseewhattheyhaveseenanddoneduringtheirtrip.

Forexample,PengLiyuan,wifeofChinesePresidentXiJinping,hostedwivesofnineAPECleaderstoatourtotheSummerPalaceonNov11.VisitorsnowcanhavethechancetowatchthetraditionalmusicanddanceshowtheywatchedonthatdayandtakeaboattourofKunmingLakeliketheydid.

Theotherfiveparksthatoffersimilarexperiencesare:

TiantanPark,BeihaiPark,JingshanPark,BeijingBotanicalGardenandtheBeijingZoo.Theroutesareclassifiedunderthreethemes:

worldculturalheritage,historicalgardenandparkandthemepark.

AftertheAPECmeetingwasheldinBeijingatthebeginningofNovember,authoritiesandtravelagencieshaveseenthepotentialtoboosttourismbyintroducingnewroutesrelatedtotheAPECmeeting.

ThetourismauthorityofHuairoudistrict,whichhostedcountryleadersduringthemeeting,announcedsixAPECtourismrouteslastweek,includingapanoramicviewtouroftheYanqiLakescenicsiteandtheSunriseKempinskiHotel.

TheNationalAquaticsCenter（theWaterCube）,whichhostedthewelcomebanquetforworldleadersduringAPEC,hasalsostartedtoofferaspecialAPECtourexperiencewherevisitorscantakeaglimpseintothehigh-profiledinnerandalsosamplesomefoodthemselves.

ChinesePresidentXi