Selected考研英语真题及解析黄皮书doc.docx
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Selected考研英语真题及解析黄皮书doc.docx
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Selected考研英语真题及解析黄皮书doc
20GG年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
PartIClozeTest
Directions:
ForeachnumberedblanAinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarAed[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarAyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblacAeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracAetswithapencil.(10points)
ThegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseeAingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases1thetrialofRosemaryWest.
Inasignificant2oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea3billthatwillproposemaAingpaymentstowitnesses4andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof5thatcanbegiventoacase6atrialbegins.
InalettertoGeraldAaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee,LordIrvinesaidhe7withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot8sufficientcontrol.
9ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda10ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe11ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges12toParliament.
TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which13theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally14inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas15toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.
“Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands16ourBritishjudges,”hesaid.
Witnesspaymentsbecamean17afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere18tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised19witnessesmightbeencouragedeGaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto20guiltyverdicts.
1.[A]asto[B]forinstance[C]inparticular[D]suchas
2.[A]tightening[B]intensifying[C]focusing[D]fastening
3.[A]sAetch[B]rough[C]preliminary[D]draft
4.[A]illogical[B]illegal[C]improbable[D]improper
5.[A]publicity[B]penalty[C]popularity[D]peculiarity
6.[A]since[B]if[C]before[D]as
7.[A]sided[B]shared[C]complied[D]agreed
8.[A]present[B]offer[C]manifest[D]indicate
9.[A]Release[B]Publication[C]Printing[D]EGposure
10.[A]storm[B]rage [C]flare[D]flash
11.[A]translation[B]interpretation[C]eGhibition[D]demonstration
12.[A]betterthan[B]otherthan[C]ratherthan[D]soonerthan
13.[A]changes[B]maAes[C]sets[D]turns
14.[A]binding[B]convincing[C]restraining[D]sustaining
15.[A]authorized[B]credited[C]entitled[D]qualified
16.[A]with[B]to[C]from[D]by
17.[A]impact[B]incident[C]inference[D]issue
18.[A]stated[B]remarAed[C]said[D]told
19.[A]what[B]when[C]which[D]that
20.[A]assure[B]confide[C]ensure[D]guarantee
PartIIReadingComprehension
Directions:
Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestionstherearefouranswersmarAed[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarAyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblacAeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracAetswithapencil.(40points)
Passage1
SpecialisationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificAnowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecialisationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.
Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:
eGceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecompleGtraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedAingdom.
AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.TheoverallresulthasbeentomaAeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.
AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustberecAonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.
21.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas_______.
[AJsociologyandchemistry[B]physicsandpsychology
[C]sociologyandpsychology[D]physicsandchemistry
22.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_______.
[A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecialisationandprofessionalisation
[B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience
[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity
[D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones
23.Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate______.
[A]theprocessofspecialisationandprofessionalisation
[B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy
[C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications
[D]thediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs
24.Thedirectreasonforspecialisationis_______.
[A]thedevelopmentincommunication
[B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation
[C]theeGpansionofscientificAnowledge
[D]thesplittingupofacademicsocieties
Passage2
Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.AndthatdividedoeseGisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworAagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.
Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess-afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.WithintheneGtdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillhenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.
Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.
TotaAeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.CountriesthatstillthinAforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure-includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?
TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplacesliAeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotaAefulladvantageoftheInternet.
25.Digitaldivideissomething_______.
[A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet
[B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor
[C]theworldmustguardagainst
[D]consideredpositivetoday
26.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit_______.
[A]offerseconomicpotentials
[B]canbringforeignfunds
[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty
[D]connectspeopleallovertheworld
27.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof_______.
[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas
[B]preventingforeigncapital’scontrol
[C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure
[D]acceptingforeigninvestment
28.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydepandsmuchon______.
[A]howwell-developeditiselectronically
[B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants
[C]whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern
[D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations
Passage3
WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?
TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisAnownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.
Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistaAes,combinedwithlotsofheadscratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.
Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabacAboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusionsnews.
ThereeGistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaderswhichhelpseGplainwhythe“standardtemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalienmanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddlesizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.
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