经济金融术语汉英对照表.docx
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经济金融术语汉英对照表.docx
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经济金融术语汉英对照表
TheponywasrevisedinJanuary2021
经济金融术语汉英对照表
经济金融术语汉英对照表
A
安全网safetynet?
按可比口径oncomparablebasis?
按轻重缓急toprioritize?
暗补implicitsubsidy?
暗亏hiddenloss?
B
颁发营业执照tolicense;tograntalicenceto?
办理存款业务totakedeposits?
保护农民的生产积极性toprotectfarmers'incentivetoproduce?
备付金(超额准备金)excessreserves?
本外币并账consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts?
本外币对冲操作sterilizationoperation?
本位利益localizedinterest;departmentalism?
奔小康tostrivetoprosper;tostrivetobecomewell-to-do?
避税(请见“逃税”)taxavoidance?
币种搭配不当currencymismatch?
币种构成currencycomposition?
变相社会集资disguisedirregular(orillegal)fundraising?
表外科目(业务)off-balance-sheetitems(operation)
薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholes?
不变成本fixedcost?
不变价atconstantprice;inrealterms?
不动产realestate?
不良贷款(资产)problemloans;non-performingloans(assets)
C?
财务公司financecompanies?
财政赤字fiscaldeficit?
财政挤银行fiscalpressureonthecentralbank(overmonetarypolicy)
财政政策与货币政策的配合coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies?
采取循序渐进的方法inaphasedandsequencedmanner?
操作弹性operationalflexibility?
操纵汇率tomanipulateexchangerate?
产品构成productcomposition;productmix?
产品积压stockpile;excessiveinventory?
产销率currentperiodinventory;(即期库存,不含前期库存)sales/outputratio?
产销衔接marketability?
产业政策industrialpolicy?
长期国债treasurybonds?
敞口头寸openposition?
炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket?
承购包销underwrite(securities)
成套机电产品completesetsofequipment;completeplant(s)
城市信用社urbancreditcooperatives(UCCs)
城市合作银行urbancooperativebanks;municipalunitedbanks?
城市商业银行municipalcommercialbanks
城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅realgrowthinhouseholdincome?
持续升温persistentoverheating?
重复布点duplicateprojects?
重置成本replacementcost?
重组计划restructuringplan?
筹资渠道fundingsources;financingchannels?
初见成效initialsuccess?
出口统一管理、归口经营canalizationofexports?
出口退税exporttaxrebate?
储蓄存款householddeposits(不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits,前者包括活期存款,后者不包括。
)
储蓄分流diversionofhouseholddeposits?
储源萎缩declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings?
传导机制transmissionmechanism?
从价税advaloremtax?
从紧控制tightcontrol?
存贷款比例loan/depositratio?
存款保险体系depositinsurancesystem?
存款货币银行depositmoneybanks?
存款准备金requiredreserves?
D?
打白条issueIOU?
大额存单certificateofdeposit(CD)
大额提现withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts?
大面积滑坡wide-spreaddecline?
大一统的银行体制(all-in-one)mono-banksystem?
呆账(请见“坏账”)badloans?
呆账准备金loanlossreserves(provisions)
呆滞贷款idleloans?
贷款沉淀non-performingloans?
贷款分类loanclassification?
贷款限额管理creditcontrol;toimposecreditceiling?
贷款约束机制creditdisciplinary(constraint)mechanism?
代理国库toactasfiscalagent?
代理金融机构贷款makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions?
戴帽贷款ear-markedloans?
倒逼机制reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition?
道德风险moralhazard?
地区差别regionaldisparity?
第一产业theprimaryindustry?
第二产业thesecondaryindustry?
第三产业theserviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry?
递延资产deferrableassets?
订货不足insufficientorders?
定期存款timedeposits?
定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources?
东道国(请见“母国”)hostcountry?
独立核算independentaccounting?
短期国债treasurybills?
对冲操作sterilizationoperation;hedging?
对非金融部门债权claimsonnon-financialsector?
多种所有制形式diversifiedownership?
E?
恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation?
二级市场secondarymarket?
F?
发行货币toissuecurrency?
发行总股本totalstockissue?
法定准备金requiredreserves;reserverequirement?
法人股institutionalshares?
法人股东institutionalshareholders?
法治ruleoflaw?
房地产投资realestateinvestment?
放松银根toeasemonetarypolicy?
非现场稽核off-sitesurveillance(ormonitoring)
非银行金融机构non-bankfinancialinstitutions?
非赢利性机构non-profitorganizations?
分税制assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;taxassignmentsystem?
分业经营segregationoffinancialbusiness(services);divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions?
风险暴露(风险敞口)riskexposure?
风险管理riskmanagement?
风险意识riskawareness?
风险资本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios?
风险资本标准risk-basedcapitalstandard?
服务事业收入publicservicecharges;user'scharges?
扶贫povertyalleviation?
负增长negativegrowth?
复式预算制double-entrybudgeting;capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccount?
G?
改革试点reformexperimentation?
杠杆率leverageratio?
杠杆收购leveragedbuyout?
高息集资toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest?
个人股non-institutionalshares?
根本扭转fundamentalturnaround(orreversal)
公开市场操作openmarketoperations?
公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts?
公用事业publicutilities?
公有经济thestate-ownedsector;thepublicsector?
公有制publicownership?
工业成本利润率profit-to-costratio?
工业增加值industrialvalueadded?
供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply?
鼓励措施incentives?
股份合作企业joint-equitycooperativeenterprises?
股份制企业joint-equityenterprises?
股份制银行joint-equitybanks?
固定资产贷款fixedassetloans?
关税减免tariffreductionandexemption?
关税减让tariffconcessions?
关税优惠tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment?
规范行为toregularize(orstandardize)…behavior?
规模效益economiesofscale?
国计民生nationalinterestandpeople'slivelihood?
国家对个人其他支出othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals?
国家风险countryrisk?
国际分工internationaldivisionoflabor?
国际收支balanceofpayments?
国有独资商业银行whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks?
国有经济(部门)thestate-owned(orpublic)sector?
国有企业state-ownedenterprises(SOEs)
国有制state-ownership?
国有资产流失erosionofstateassets?
国债回购governmentsecuritiesrepurchase?
国债一级自营商primaryunderwritersofgovernmentsecurities?
过度竞争excessivecompetition?
过度膨胀excessiveexpansion?
过热迹象signsofoverheating?
H?
合理预期rationalexpectation?
核心资本corecapital?
合资企业joint-ventureenterprises?
红利dividend?
宏观经济运营良好soundmacroeconomicperformance?
宏观经济基本状况macroeconomicfundamentals?
宏观调控macroeconomicmanagement(oradjustment)
宏观调控目标macroeconomicobjectives(ortargets)
坏账baddebt?
还本付息debtservice?
换汇成本unitexportcost;localcurrencycostofexportearnings?
汇兑在途fundsinfloat?
汇兑支出advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary'sbank?
汇率并轨unificationofexchangerates?
活期存款demanddeposits?
汇率失调exchangeratemisalignment?
混合所有制diversified(mixed)ownership?
货币政策态势monetarypolicystance?
货款拖欠overdueobligationstosuppliers?
J?
基本建设投资investmentininfrastructure?
基本经济要素economicfundamentals?
基本适度broadlyappropriate?
基准利率benchmarkinterestrate?
机关团体存款depositsofnon-profitinstitutions?
机会成本opportunitycost?
激励机制incentivemechanism?
积压严重heavystockpile;excessiveinventory?
挤提存款runonbanks?
挤占挪用unwarranteddiversionof(financial)resources(fromdesignateduses)
技改投资investmentintechnologicalupgrading?
技术密集型产品technology-intensiveproduct?
计划单列市municipalitieswithindependentplanningstatus?
计划经济plannedeconomy?
集体经济thecollectivesector?
加大结构调整力度tointensifystructuraladjustment?
加工贸易processingtrade?
加快态势acceleratingtrend?
加强税收征管稽查toenhancetaxadministration?
加权价weightedaverageprice?
价格放开priceliberalization?
价格形成机制pricingmechanism?
减亏toreducelosses?
简化手续tocutredtape;tosimplify(streamline)procedures?
交投活跃brisktrading?
缴存准备金todepositrequiredreserves?
结构扭曲structuraldistortion?
结构失调structuralimbalance?
结构性矛盾突出acutestructuralimbalance?
结构优化structuralimprovement(optimization)
结汇、售汇saleandpurchaseofforeignexchange?
金融脆弱financialfragility?
金融动荡financialturbulence?
金融风波financialdisturbance?
金融恐慌financialpanic?
金融危机financialcrisis?
金融压抑financialrepression?
金融衍生物financialderivatives?
金融诈骗financialfraud?
紧缩银根totightenmonetarypolicy?
紧缩政策austeritypolicies;tightfinancialpolicies?
经常账户可兑换currentaccountconvertibility?
经济特区specialeconomiczones(SEZs)
经济体制改革economicreform?
经济增长方式的转变changeinthemainsourceofeconomicgrowth(frominvestmentexpansiontoefficiencygains)
经济增长减速economicslowdown;moderationineconomicgrowth?
经济制裁economicsanction?
经营自主权autonomyinmanagement?
景气回升recoveryinbusinessactivity?
境外投资overseasinvestment?
竞争加剧intensifyingcompetition?
局部性金融风波localized(isolated)financialdisturbance?
K?
开办人民币业务toengageinRMBbusiness?
可维持(可持续)经济增长sustainableeconomicgrowth?
可变成本variablecost?
可自由兑换货币freelyconvertiblecurrency?
控制现金投放controlcurrencyissuance?
扣除物价因素inrealterms;oninflation-adjustedbasis?
库存产品inventory?
跨国银行业务cross-borderbanking?
跨年度采购cross-yearprocurement?
会计准则accountingstandard?
L
来料加工processingofimportedmaterialsforexport?
离岸银行业务off-shorebanking(business)
理顺外贸体制torationalizeforeigntraderegime?
利率杠杆的调节作用theroleofinterestratesinresourceallocation?
利润驱动profit-driven
利息回收率interestcollectionratio
联行清算inter-banksettlement
连锁企业franchise(businesses);chainbusinesses
良性循环virtuouscycle
两极分化growingincomedisparity;polarizationinincomedistribution
零售物价指数retailpriceindex(RPI)
流动性比例liquidityratio
流动资产周转率/流通速度velocityofliquidassets
流动资金贷款workingcapitalloans
流通体制distributionsystem
流通网络distributionnetwork
留购(租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物)hirepurchase
垄断行业monopolizedindustry(sector)
乱集资irregular(illegal)fundraising
乱收费irregular(illegal)charges
乱摊派unjustified(arbitrary)levies
M
买方市场buyer'smarket
卖方市场seller'smarket
卖出回购证券matchedsaleofrepo
贸易差额tradebalance
民间信用non-institutionalizedcredit
免二减三exemptionofincometaxforthefirsttwoyearsofmakingprofitand50%taxreductionforthefollowingthreeyears
明补explicitsubsidy
明亏explicitloss
名牌产品brandproducts
母国(请见“东道国”)homecountry
N
内部控制internalcontrol
内部审计internalaudit
内地与香港themainlandandHongKong
内债domesticdebt
扭亏为盈toturnaloss-makingenterpriseintoaprofitableone
扭曲金融分配distortedallocationoffinancialresources
农副产品采购支出outlaysforagriculturalprocurement
农村信用社ruralcreditcooperatives(RCCs)
P
泡沫效应bubbleeffect
泡沫经济bubbleeconomy
培育新的经济增长点totapnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth
片面追求发展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth
平衡发展balanceddevelopmen
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