新世纪第3册第一单元词汇详解及课后练习答案.docx
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新世纪第3册第一单元词汇详解及课后练习答案.docx
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新世纪第3册第一单元词汇详解及课后练习答案
Unit1Book3
Friendship
I.DifficultSentences
1.Whenweapproachthenotionoffriendship,ourfirstproblemisthatthereis
alackofsociallyacknowledgedcriteriaforwhatmakesapersona
friend.
(1)Whatare“sociallyacknowledgedcriteria”?
(=“Sociallyacknowledgedcriteria”areestablishedstandardsthatareacceptedbyallthepeopleinthesociety.)
(2)Translatethissentence.
(=我们探讨友谊这个概念时,遇到的第一个问题是,没有社会公认的择友标准。
)
2.Inonesetting,wemaydescribesomeoneasafriend;inanother,thelabel
mayseemlessappropriate.
Whatdoesthissentenceimply?
(=Thecriteriaforfriendshipvaryfromsettingtosetting.)
3.Theytakepleasureineachother’scompanyonlyinsofarastheyhave
hopesofadvantagefromit.
(1)Dotheyenjoybeingtogetherpurelybecausetheylikeeachother?
(=No,theyaretogetherjustbecausetheyexpecttobenefitfromtheirrelationship.)
(2)Translatethissentence.
(=只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候,才会乐于呆在一起。
)
4.Friendshipbetweentheyoungisthoughttobegroundedonpleasure,
becausethelivesoftheyoungareregulatedbytheirfeelings,andtheir
chiefinterestsareintheirownpleasureandtheopportunityofthe
moment.
(1)Whatdoyoungpeoplecaremostwhenmakingfriends?
(=Theycaremostabouttheirownfeelings,theirownpleasureandwhetherthereisanimportantopportunityatthepresenttime.)
(2)Translatethissentence.
(=年轻人之间的友谊常被看作是建立在愉悦基础之上的,因为年轻人的生活受感情支配,他们感兴趣的主要是自己的快乐和眼前的重要机会。
)
5.Thatiswhytheyfallinandoutoffriendshipquickly,changingtheirattitude
often,evenwithinthesameday.
Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?
(=Youngpeople’sfriendshipistemporary,becausetheattitudetheyholdtofriendshipisalwayschanging.)
6.Onlythefriendshipofthosewhoaregood,andsimilarintheirgoodness,is
perfect.
(1)Whatdoesthissentenceimply?
(=Perfectfriendshipexistsonlybetweenpeoplewhoareequallygood.)
(2)Translatethissentence.
(=只有那些品德高尚而且拥有相似美德的人之间的友谊才是完美的。
)
7.Itisbetweengoodmenthatbothloveandfriendshiparechieflyfoundand
inthehighestform.
Paraphrasethissentence.
(=Loveandfriendshiparemainlyfoundbetweengoodpeopleandtheloveandfriendshipareofthebestquality.)
8.Andnotwopersonscanaccepteachotherandbecomefriendsuntileach
hasprovedtotheotherthatheisworthyoflove,andsowonhistrust.
(1)Howcantwopersonsbecomerealfriends?
(=Onlywheneachhasprovedthathedeservestheloveoftheotherandthushaswontheother’strust.)
(2)Translatethissentence.
(=只有当两个人互相证明自己值得爱并赢得对方的信任之后,彼此方能接受对方为朋友。
)
9.Hefurtherdefines“thegood”as“thosewhoseactionsandlivesleaveno
questionastotheirhonor,purity,equity,andliberality;whoarefreefrom
greed,lust,andviolence;andwhohavethecourageoftheir
convictions.”
(1)Whatdoestheexpression“havethecourageoftheirconvictions”mean?
(=Itmeans“bebraveenoughtosayandactonwhattheythinkisrighteventhoughotherpeoplemaynotagreeorapprove.”)
(2)Translatethissentence.
(=他进而将“好人”定义为“那些行为和生活无损于自己的荣誉、纯洁、公平和开明的人;那些摆脱了贪婪、欲念和暴力的人;那些敢于依照自己的信念说话和做事的人。
”)
10.…andtheymustshareacommitmenttothegood.
Paraphrasethissentence.
(=…andtheybothmustdevotethemselvestopursuingwhatismorallyright
orworthyofpraise.)
II.WordsandExpressions
1.notion:
n.anidea,belieforconcept
*Ourmanagementsystemisbasedonthenotionsofpersonalequalityand
liberty.我们的管理体系是基于人的平等、自由观念而建立的。
(=Shehasnonotionofthedifficultyofthisproblem.)
CF.idea,concept¬ion
这些名词均有“思想”、“观点”、观念”之意。
idea最普通,几乎适用于任何方面的思维活动。
concept指从众多实例中通过概括、归纳而形成的对事物本质、全貌及其内部联系的比较系统的概念或看法。
notion指的是一种模糊的、变化莫测的想法,无可靠的基础,是未经深思熟虑的、甚至让人觉得荒谬的观点。
(Directions:
)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.
(1)Sheseemedunfamiliarwiththe______thateveryoneshouldhaveanequalopportunity.(=concept)
(2)Ihaveno_____howshemanagedtodothis.(=idea/notion)
(3)Ihadasilly_____thathewouldcomebackandbegmeforforgiveness.(=notion)
(4)Don'tgetany_____aboutrevenge.(=ideas)
2.criterion:
n.standardbywhichsth.isjudged
*Thecompany’scriterionforsuccessishighsales.
对一些出版商而言,评判一本书是否畅销的标准是长度而非内容。
(=Tosomepublishers,thecriterionofabookwhichwillsellwellislengthratherthancontent.)
CF.standard&criterion
这两个名词均含“标准”之意。
standard指公认为决定事物质量或人的品质的准则或原则。
例如:
*Allrestaurantsinthetownwithalowstandardofhygienehavebeenforced
toclose.城里所有卫生水准低的餐馆都被迫关门了。
criterion较正式用词,指判断、批评事物的标准,但不一定制成了规章。
例如:
*Whatarethecriteriafordecidingwhogetstheprize?
评定获奖者以什么作
标准。
3.appropriate:
adj.correctorsuitableforaparticularsituationoroccasion
*Suitsarealwaysappropriateforajobinterview.
(=HHeHisformalstyleofspeakingwasappropriatetotheoccasion.)
4.thin:
adj.nothavingthenecessaryqualitiestogaintheintendedresult
*Histhinattemptsurelyresultedinnothing.
书评家认为她最近写的那部小说没什么意思。
(=Thecriticsfoundherlatestnovelratherthin.)
5.classical:
adj.basedonorbelongingtoanoldorestablishedsystemof
principlesormethods,e.g.inartorscience
*Dressedinballetskirt,shedancedwithaclassicalelegance.
他将前往中国去研究中国古典诗歌。
(=HeisgoingtoChinatostudyChineseclassicalpoetry.)
6.distinguishbetween:
recognizedifferencesbetween
*Thetwinsaresoalikethatnoonecandistinguishbetweenthem.
不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。
(=Peoplewhocannotdistinguishbetweencolorsaresaidtobecolor-blind.)
7.utility:
n.thequalityorconditionofbeinguseful;usefulness
*Farmanimalshaveeconomicvaluebecauseoftheirutility.
祖母总是怀疑洗碟机的实用价值。
(=Grandmahasalwaysdoubtedtheutilityvalueofadishwasher.)
8.ground:
n.reason(s)orjustificationforsaying,doingorbelievingsth.
*Shecan’taccepthisgroundfordivorce.
(=Hehasbeenfiredfromthejobonthegroundsofincompetence.)
Patterns:
agound/groundsfor………的理由
onthegroundsof…基于……的原因
onthegroundsthat…因为……
9.breakup:
tocomeorbringtoanend,especiallybyseparating
*Theirmarriageeventuallybrokeupduetolackofcommunication.
警察及时赶到酒吧结束了这场打斗。
(=Policearrivedatthebarintimeandbrokeupthefight.)
10.pursue:
vt.trytoachievesth.;continuesteadilywith;carryon
*Shedecidedtopursueherstudiesafterobtainingherfirstdegree.她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造。
老板决定不再追查那事。
(=Ourbosshasdecidednottopursuethematteranyfurther.)
Collocations:
pursuesb.追求某人
pursueavocation从事一份职业
pursueahobby从事一项爱好
pursueagoal追求一个目标
11.takepleasurein(doing)sth.:
toenjoy(doing)sth.
*Theaudiencetookpleasureinwatchingthegracefulskaters’dancing.
老人很享受回忆往事。
(=Theoldmantakespleasureinrememberingthepast.)
12.insofaras:
tothedegreethat
*Theymovedtothedowntownareainsofarastheycouldspendlesstime
onthewaytowork.
为了能有所发现,他仍然坚持在这一领域的研究。
(=Hestillcontinuedhisresearchinthisfieldinsofarashecouldmake
somediscoveries.)
13.regulate:
vt.tocontrol,especiallybyrules;bringorderormethodto
*Sweatingcanhelptoregulatethebody’stemperature.出汗有助于调节体温。
长寿的人通常饮食习惯有规律。
(=Thosewhoenjoyalonglifeusuallyregulatetheireatinghabits.)
(=Wagesandworkinghoursareregulatedbyaseriesoflaws.)
Collocations:
regulatethetraffic管理交通
regulateexpenditure控制费用
regulatethespeed调整速度
regulateaclock校对时钟
regulatefoodsupplies调节食物供应
14.asto:
onthesubjectof;concerning
*Wearepuzzledastohowtheaccidenthappened.关于事故是如何发生的我们很迷惑。
在记者招待会上他拒绝就此事发表任何评论。
(=Herefusedtomakeanycommentsastothiseventatthepressconference.)
(=Heisveryuncertainastowhetherit'stherightjobforhim.)
15.equity:
n.thestate,quality,oridealofbeingjust,impartial,andfair
*Thejudgmentarousedpeople’sangerforitslackofequity.
大家都同意裁判员的公正裁判。
(=Theequityofthereferee'sdecisionwasacceptedbyeveryone.)
16.liberality:
n.thequalityorstateofbeingliberalorgenerous.
*Liberalitycontributestothesuccessofleadership.
一个慷慨的人会处处受人欢迎。
(=Amanofliberalitywillbewelcomeeverywhere.)
17.greed:
n.anexcessivedesiretoacquireorpossessmorethanwhatone
needsordeserves,especiallywithrespecttomaterialwealth
(=Thelargecompany’sgreedtoswallowupitssmallercompetitorsisapparent.)
我们被他们渴求知识的眼神深深触动了。
(=Weweredeeplytouchedbythegreedforknowledgeintheireyes.)
18.conviction:
n.afixedorstrongbelief.
*It'smyconvictionthatcomplacencyisattherootofourtroubles.我深信
自满情绪是我们各种问题的根源。
(=Doyoualwaysactinaccordancewithyourconvictions?
)
CF.belief,faith&conviction
这些名词都有“相信”、“信任”之意。
belief较为普通,指单纯从主观上的相信,不涉及这种相信是否有根据。
例
如:
*Ifindhisbehaviorirresponsiblebeyondbelief.我发觉他的所作所为不负责任到了简直令人难以置信的地步。
faith语气较强,强调完全相信,有时也指仅凭感觉产生的相信。
例如:
*Ihaven'tmuchfaithinthismedicine.我对这种药没有多大信心。
conviction多指根据长期交往或实践,对某人某事有了认识和了解后产生的
信心和相信,强调其坚定性。
例如:
*She'dmadesuchpromisesbefore,andtheylackedconviction.她以前也作过这样的许诺,但都不足信。
19.possess:
vt.tohaveasone’sproperty,asaquality,etc.
*Theypossesspropertyallovertheworld.他们在世界各地均拥有财产。
他有做好这项工作必备的耐性和应变能力吗?
(=Doeshepossessthenecessarypatienceandtacttodothejobwell?
)
(=Thefamilypossesseddocumentsthatprovedtheirrighttoownership.)
CF:
hold,own,possess&keep
这些动词均有“有”、“具有”、“持有”之意。
hold指拥有并保持财产及持有见解等,暗示不让别人拿走或占有。
own不及possess正式多指所属关系,强调所有权,不管所属物是否在物主手中。
possess较正式,指拥有或占有并能加以控制与支配,强调其归属;也指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性能等。
keep指长时间地保有、保存某物,防止别人占去,强调安全和感情上的依附。
(Directions:
)Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwhere
necessary.
(1)Asaleader,he______greattact.(=possesses)
(2)Hisfamily______agreatdealofrealestatealloverthewo
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