专题08 健康饮食类模拟训练备战高考英语阅读理.docx
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专题08 健康饮食类模拟训练备战高考英语阅读理.docx
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专题08健康饮食类模拟训练备战高考英语阅读理
专题08健康饮食类
模拟训练
Passage1(2018届江西省红色七校高三联考)
Crossingyourlegsisanextremelycommonhabit;mostpeopledon'tevennoticethatthey'redoingitwhentheysitdown.Whileyoumayfinditcomfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.
AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.Thiscausesyourbodytoincreaseyourbloodpressuretopushthebloodbacktotheheart.Youwon'tfeelanyimmediateeffects,butrepeated,drawn-outincreasesinbloodpressurecancauselong-termhealthissues.So,planningtositforalongperiodoftime?
Don'tkeepyourlegscrossed.
Crossingyourlegsatthekneecanalsocausepressureonthemajornerveinyourlegthatpassesjustbelowyourkneeandalongtheoutsideofyourleg,explainsRichardGraves,amedicalexpert.Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle—whatweknowasthat“pinsandneedles”sensation.Whilethefeelingofdiscomfortmayonlylastaminuteortwo,repeatedlycrossingyourlegsuntiltheyfeelnumbcancausepermanentnervedamage.
Sonexttimeyousitdown,trytogetyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeetonthefloor.Notonlywillithelpyourpostureandstability,butitwillalsosaveyourhealthinthelongrun.
1.Whatcanwelearnaboutcrossingone'slegs?
A.Itisaverybadsocialhabit.
B.Itisusuallypracticeddeliberately.
C.Itcanmakeothersfeeluncomfortable.
D.Itcandoharmtopeople'shealth.
2.Accordingtothestudy,sittingwithyourlegscrossedcan______.
A.resistgravityeffectivelyB.affectyourbloodpressure
C.leadtoheartattackseasilyD.improvethefunctionoflegs
3.Inthethirdparagraph"pinsandneedles"probablymeans______.
A.seriousmuscleinjuriesB.beingalittlenervous
C.slightsharppainsD.beinghighlyflexible
4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?
A.Togivereaderssomeadvice.
B.Tocomparecommonhabits.
C.Toevaluateeffectsofanexperiment.
D.Tointroduceresearchmethods.
【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了研究发现跷二郎腿对身体有害,大家要改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。
1.D【解析】细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.”可知,跷二郎腿对健康有害。
2.B【解析】细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“sittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.”可知,跷二郎腿会使血压升高。
4.A【解析】文章意图题。
根据文章内容,特别是第一段中的“itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.”及最后一段中的“Sonexttimeyousitdown,trytogetyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeetonthefloor.”可知,研究发现跷二郎腿对健康有害,因此这篇文章的目的是建议大家改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。
Passage2(2018届江西省新余市第一中学高三毕业班第四次模拟考试)
Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetalkingaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoods(GMfoods).GMfoodsdevelopfromgeneticallymodifiedorganisms(有机体),whichhavehadspecificchangesintroducedintotheirDNAbygeneticengineeringtechniques.Thesetechniquesaremuchmoreprecisewhereanorganismisexposedtochemicalstocreateanonspecificbutstablechange.Formanypeople,thehightechproductionraisesallkindsofenvironmental,ethical,healthandsafetyproblems.Particularlyincountrieswithlongfarmingtraditions,theideaseemsagainstnature.
Infact,GMfoodsarealreadyverymuchapartofourlives.Theywerefirstputonthemarketin1996.AthirdofthecornandmorethanhalfthecottongrownintheU.S.lastyearwastheproductofbiotechnology,accordingtotheDepartmentofAgriculture.Morethan65millionacresofgeneticallymodifiedcropswillbeplantedintheUSthisyear. Thegeneticgenieisoutofthebottle.
However,likeanynewproductenteringthefoodchain,GMfoodsmustbesubjectedtocarefultesting.Inwealthycountries,thedebateaboutbiotechisnotsofiercebythefactthattheyhavealargenumberoffoodstochoosefrom,andasupplythatgoesbeyondtheneeds.Indevelopingcountriesdesperatetofeedfast-growingandunderfedpopulations,thematterissimplerandmuchmoreurgent:
dothebenefitsofbiotechoutweightherisks?
Thestatisticsonpopulationgrowthandhungeraredisturbing.Lastyeartheworld'spopulationreached6billion.TheUNstatesthatnearly800millionpeoplearoundtheworldareunhealthy.About400millionwomenofchildbearingagedon'thaveenoughiron,whichmeanstheirbabiesareexposedtovariousbirthdefeats.Asmanyas100millionchildrensufferfromvitaminAdeficiency,aleadingcauseofblindness.
Howcanbiotechhelp?
Geneticengineeringiswidelyusedtoproduceplantsandanimalswithbetternutritionalvalues.Biotechnologistshavedevelopedgeneticallymodifiedriceandtheyareworkingonotherkindsofnutritionallyimprovedcrops.Biotechcanalsoimprovefarmingproductivityinplaceswherefoodshortagesarecausedbycropdamageattributabletodrought,poorsoilandcropviruses.
1.Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.
A.theworld'sfoodproblemB.thedevelopmentinbiotech
C.thegeneticallymodifiedfoodsD.thewaytosolvefoodshortages
2.Accordingtothepassage,GMfoods________.
A.willreplacenaturallygrownfoods
B.arefarbetterthannaturallygrownfoods
C.mayhelptosolvetheproblemofpoornutrition
D.cancauseserioustroubleindevelopingcountries
3.Theunderlinedsentence“Thegeneticgenieisoutofthebottle.”inParagraph2probably
meansthat________.
A.GMfoodsareavailableeverywhere
B.thetechnologyinproducingGMfoodsisadvanced
C.genetictechnologymayhaveuncontrollablepowers
D.genetictechnologyhascomeoutoflaboratoriesintomarkets
4.What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardsGMfoods?
A.Enthusiastic.B.Cautious.
C.Disapproving.D.Unbelievable.
【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了转基因食品及其对人类生活的影响。
1.C【解析】主旨大意题。
根据文章内容,特别是第一段中的“Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetalkingaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoods(GMfoods).”可知,本文主要介绍的是转基因食品。
2.C【解析】细节理解题。
根据最后一段中的“Geneticengineeringiswidelyusedtoproduceplantsandanimalswithbetternutritionalvalues.”可知,转基因食品有助于解决营养不良问题。
4.B【解析】观点态度题。
根据第三段中的“However,likeanynewproductenteringthefoodchain,GMfoodsmustbesubjectedtocarefultesting.”可知,作者认为转基因食品进入市场前需要严格的检测,由此可见作者对转基因食品的态度是谨慎的。
Passage3(2018届安徽省皖南八校高三联考)
Ifyouwanttoslowaging,youmightwanttoeatless.Thisfindingisgoodnews---ifyouwereamouse.Theresearchersstudiedmice,notpeople.
JohnPriceandotherresearchersstudiedtwogroupsofmice.Onegroupwasabletoeatasmuchasitwanted.Theresearcherslimitedwhatthemiceintheothergroupate.Theirdiethad35percentfewercaloriesthanthefirstgroupofmice.
Pricesaysthemicewiththedietrestrictionswere“moreenergeticandsufferedfewerdisease.”Theywerenotjustlivinglongerbutseemedtostayyoungerforalongerperiodoftime.
Theresearchersfoundthatfewercaloriesslowdownanaturalmechanismincellscalledribosomes.Priceexplainsthatribosomesareresponsibleformakingimportantproteinsinthecells.Butwithfewercalories,theyslowdown.Thisgivesthecellsmoretimetorepairthemselves.
Theresearcherssayribosomesusefrom10to20percentofthecell’senergytomakethoseproteins.Pricewrotethat“becauseofthis,itisimpracticaltodestroyanentireribosome”whenitstartstobreakdown.However,“repairingindividualpartsoftheribosomeonaregularbasisenablesribosomestocontinueproducinghighqualityproteinsforlongerthantheywouldotherwise.Thistopqualityproduction,inturn,keepscellsandtheentirebodyfunctioningwell.”
Pricesaid,“ribosomeisaverycomplexmachine,likeacar.”Theyneed“maintenancetoreplacethepartsthatwearoutthefastest.Whentireswearout,”heexplained,“youdon’tthrowthewholecarawayandbuyanewone.Itcostslesstoreplacetheoldtires.”
“Food,”hesaid,“isn’tjustmaterialtobeburned---it’sasignalthattellsourbodyandcellshowtorespond.”Pricesaidthefindingshelptoexplainhowexactlyourbodiesage.Andthismay“helpusmakemoreeducateddecisionsaboutwhatweeat.”
1.Whatcanweknowaboutthemicewithlimitedcaloriesfromthestudy?
A.Theycankeephealthyeasily
B.Theyneedmoreenergytobeactive
C.Theycanlookyoungerthantheyare
D.Theywilllivealongerlifelikehumans
2.Whatwillhappentoribosomesiftherearefewercalories?
A.Theywillcompletelybreakdown
B.Theymakeproteinsinthecellsslowly
C.Theywillproducehighqualityproteinsmore
D.Theymayneedmoretimetorepairthemselves
3.Priceexplainedtheribosomes’roleofrepairingthemselvesby_________.
A.tellingastoryB.listingbasicdata
C.makingcomparisonsD.experimentingonmice
4.Whatdoesthetextmainlydealwith?
A.Fooddecideshowlongyoulive
B.Canyouslowdownyouragingprocess?
C.Eatinglessmayhelpyoulivelonger
D.Shouldyourdietbereducedforyourhealth?
【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。
通过研究实验发现:
吃的少会使你长寿。
1.A【解析】细节理解题。
根据文中Theresearcherslimitedwhatthemiceintheothergroupate.Theirdiethad35percentfewercaloriesthanthefirstgroupofmice.的提示可知他们能够很容易保持健康,故选A。
2.B【解析】细节理解题。
根据文中Theresearchersfoundthatfewercaloriesslowdownanaturalmechanismincellscalledribosomes.的提示可知它们会在细胞中缓慢地产生蛋白质,故选B。
4.C【解析】主旨大意题。
根据文中Ifyouwanttoslowaging,youmightwanttoeatless.Thisfindingisgoodnews的提示可知这片名文章的主旨是吃的少会使你长寿,故选C。
Passage4(2017届黑龙江省大庆实验中学高三仿真模拟)
Areyousometimestootiredtogoouttoeat?
Doyouliketoeatinsidethedormitoryinbadweat
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