高考英语任务型读写专项练习.docx
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高考英语任务型读写专项练习.docx
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高考英语任务型读写专项练习
2013年高考英语任务型读写专项训练
1.
Atropical"BrownWidow"spider,newtotheLosAngelesarea,hasbeencaptured(捕获)aspartoftheNaturalHistoryMuseumofLosAngelesCounty’songoingSpiderSurvey.ThisspiderhasnotbeenfoundbeforeintheLosAngelesarea."TheBrownWidowprobablyoriginatedinAfrica,buthasbeenintroducedintothetropicsalmostworldwide,"Brownsaid.Accordingtohim,oneofthemanywaysthespidercouldhavemadeittotheSouthlandwasthroughimportsofplants,flowers,foodorfurniture.
Itwasa4th-gradestudentfromVanDeeneElementarySchool,whileonaHondaEarthOdysseyProgramfieldtriprunbytheMuseum,whodiscoveredthespider.
Theprogramisdesignedtointroduceelementaryschoolchildrentobiodiversityandbuildenvironmentalawareness.Thechildrenhadbeenintroducedaboutspidersbeforethefieldtripontotheschoolgrounds.ThestudentrecognizedthespiderasbeingofparticularinterestandpointeditouttoBethNordeen,aMuseumeducator.
"Thespiderwasinsidearolled-upleafofaplantontheschoolgrounds,"Nordeensaid."Itwasinawebalongwithaneggsac(液囊)."Usingastick,shetugged(拖、拽)ontheweb,untilshewasabletoplacethespideranditseggsacintoaplasticbottlewithacap.Nordeenaddedthatyouneverwanttohandleanyspiderwithyourbarehands.
Thereareabout30describedwidowspeciesincludingBlackWidows,RedWidows,andtheBrownWidows-theBlackWidowbeingthemostcommonofthewidowfamilyintheLosAngelesarea.ABrownWidowspidercangrowtoone-and-a-halfincheslong.Ithasanorange-to-yellowhourglassdesignonitsunderside,asopposedtothefamiliarredhourglassdesignontheBlackWidow.
Title:
LosAngelesAreaGetsa1.Spider
Introduction
●ABrownWidowspiderwascaptured2.anongoingSpiderSurvey.
●Itwasbelievedthatthespider3.fromAfrica.
Thediscovererandtheprogram
●Thediscovererwasaprimaryschoolstudent,who
wasparticarly4.inspiders.
●Theprogramisintendedforchildrento5.biodiversityandenvironment.
Thewholecourseofthe6.
●Thespiderwas7.acurlyleaf.
●Nordeenputthespideranditseggsacintoaplasticusinga8.
Thewidowspiderspecies
●Peoplehavealreadyknownabout30widowspecies
●TheBlackWidowspiderismost9.seenintheLosAngelesarea.
●Ithas10.colorsontheirundersidefromtheBrownWidowspider.
KEYS:
1.New2.during3.came/originated4.interested5.understand
6.discovery7.inside8.stick9.commonly10.different
2
AnewstudyshowsacutofthreegramsofsaltadaypreventtensofthousandsofdeathsamongAmericans.Evenasmallreductioninsaltinthedietcanbeabighelptotheheart.AnewstudyusedacomputermodeltopredicthowjustthreegramslessadaywouldaffectheartdiseaseintheUnitedStates.
Theresult:
thirteenpercentfewerheartattacks.Eightpercentfewerstrokes.Fourpercentfewerdeaths.Elevenpercentfewernewcasesofheartdisease.Andtwohundredfortybilliondollarsinhealthcaresavings.
Researchersfounditcouldpreventonehundredthousandheartattacksandninety-twothousanddeathseveryyear.
ThestudyisintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.KirstenBibbins-DomingoattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco,wastheleadauthor.Shesayspeoplewouldnotevennoticeadifferenceintastewiththreegrams,orone-halfteaspoon,lesssaltperday.
ThegovernmentsaystheaverageAmericanmaneatstengramsofsaltaday.TheAmericanHeartAssociationadvisesnomorethanthreegramsforhealthypeople.ItsayssaltintheAmericandiethasincreasedfiftypercentsincethenineteenseventies,whilebloodpressureshavealsorisen.Lesssaltcanmeanalowerbloodpressure.
NewYorkCityMayorMichaelBloombergisleadinganeffortcalledtheNationalSaltReductionInitiative.Theideaistoputpressureonfoodcompaniesandrestaurants.Criticscallitgovernmentinterference.
MayorBloomberghasalreadysucceededinotherareas,likerequiringfastfoodplacesinthecitytolistcalorieinformation.NowastudybytheSeattleChildren'sResearchInstituteshowshowthatideacaninfluencewhatparentsorderfortheirchildren.
Ninety-nineparentsofthreetosixyearoldstookpart.HalfhadMcDonald'smenusclearlyshowinghowmanycalorieswereineachfood.Theotherhalfgotmenuswithoutthecalorieinformation.
Parentsgiventhecountschoseanaverageofonehundredtwofewercalorieswhenaskedwhattheywouldorderfortheirchildren.Yettherewasnodifferenceincaloriesbetweenthetwogroupsforfoodsthattheparentswouldhavechosenforthemselves.
StudyleaderPoojaTandonsaysevensmallcaloriereductionsonaregularbasiscanpreventweightgainovertime.ThestudywaspublishedinthejournalPediatrics.
Title:
1.SaltCanMeanMoreLife
Thefindinginsaltconsumption
●Anewstudyshowsthata2.ofthreegramsofsaltpreventsmanyheartdiseases,strokesandevendeaths.
●Theresultis3.intheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.
●KirstenBibbins-DomingoattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco,wastheleadauthor.
●Saltreductionof3gramsmakesno4.topeople’staste.
●Thenewstudywascarriedoutwiththeaidofacomputer5..
Effortstocontrolsaltconsumption
●TheAmericanHeartAssociationadvises6.threegramsforhealthypeople.
●Itsaysthatwithsaltincreasinginthediet,bloodpressurehavealso7..
●InNewYork,themajortriestoput8.onfoodcompaniesandrestaurants.
Bloomberg’ssuccessinotherareas
●Herequiresfastfoodplacesinthecitytomakecalorieinformation9..
●99%parentsofthree-sixyearoldstookpartbuttheirchoicesare10.fortheirchildrenandthemselves.
KEYS:
1.Less2.cut3.published4.difference5.model.6.only7.arisen8.pressure9.clear10.different
3
OnereasonAmericanseatsomanycaloriesisthatwetendtoeatlargeportions(分量).Studiesfindthathamburgersandfriesaregenerallyofferedinservingsizestwotofivetimeslargerthantheappropriatemealsize.Researchersfindweusuallycleanourplatesnomatterhowhighthey'repiled,evenifwealreadyfeelsatisfied.Seethesuggestionsbelowtofurthermasterthefineartofsizingup(估量)yoursnacksandsuppers.
ExtremelylargeportionsareonepossiblereasonAmericanscontinuegettingfatterevenasthepercentageofourtotalcaloriesfromfathasgonedowninrecentyears.Fortunately,portionsarerelativelysimpletocontrolbecauseit'seasiertocountcookiesthancaloriesorgramsoffat.
Pre-pictureportions.Usefamiliarobjectstopicturehowmuchyoushouldeatofafoodbeforeyoupickupyourforkorspoon.Forexample,ahalfcupoflow-fatgranolaisaboutthesizeofyourfist.Ahalfcupoflow-faticecreamequalshalfanorange.
Useasmallerdish.Thistipmightsoundridiculous,butitworks.Firstandmostobviousisthatyoucan'tputasmuchfoodon,say,asaladplate.Butpsychologically,you'rejustnotaspronetoeatasheartilyandquicklyifyourplatewillbeemptyin45seconds.
Haverawvegetablesateverymeal.Rawcucumbers,tomatoes,carrots,andpeppershavefewcaloriesandlotsofnutrients.Aplateoftheminthemiddleofthetablealmostalwaysgetseatenup,cuttingdownappetiteforthemorecalorie-densemeat.
Startyourmealwithsoup.Studiesshowthatabowlofsoupatthestartofthemealreducesoverallmealconsumption,sincetheyarelowestincaloriesandhighestinnutrients.
Manageyourfork.Aftereverybiteoffood,putyourforkdown.Don'tpickitupuntilyouhavethoroughlychewedandswallowedthepreviousbite.Thegoalisbothtoslowdownyoureatingandtoeatless.Remember:
Yourbodyneeds20minutesofdigestionbeforeitsendssignalstoyourbrainthatyouarenolongerhungry.
Helpfulhintsonhowtogetahandleonthehow-muchfactor
Facts
Hamburgersandfriesservedinrestaurantsaregenerallytwotofivetimesthe1.oftheproperones.
Americansusuallycleantheirplates2.highthey'repiled,eveniftheyarealreadysatisfied
Effects
Americanscontinuegettingfatterevenastheyhave
eaten3.caloriesfromfatinrecentyears.
4.
a.Use5.objectstoimaginehowmuchyoushouldeatofafoodbeforeameal.
b.Useasmallerdishandthuseat6..
c.Haverawvegetablesateverymealtocutdown7.forthemorecalorie-densemeat.
d.Startyourmealwith8.toreducemealconsumption.
e.Putdownyourforkat9.tomakesureyourbrainreceives10.thatyou’refull.
1.size2.however3.fewer4.suggestions5.familiar
6.slowly7.appetite8.soup9.times/intervals10.signals
4
HundredsofpenguinsthatapparentlystarvedtodeatharewashinguponthebeachesofBrazil,worryingscientistswhoarestillinvestigatingwhat'scausingthemtodie.
About500oftheblack-and-whitebirdshavebeenfoundjustinthelast10daysonPeruibe,PraiaGrandeandItanhaembeachesinSaoPaulostate,saidThiagodoNascimento,abiologistatthePeruibeAquarium.
MostwereMagellanpenguinsmigratingnorthfromArgentina,ChileandtheFalklandIslandsinsearchoffoodinwarmerwaters.
Manyarenotfindingit:
Autopsies(尸体解剖)doneonseveralbirdsrevealed(显示)theirstomachswereentirelyempty—indicatingtheylikelystarvedtodeath,Nascimentosaid.
Scientistsareinvestigatingwhetherstrongcurrentsandcolder-than-normalwatershavehurtpopulationsofthespeciesthatmakeupthepenguins'diet,orwhetherhumanactivitymaybeplayingarole.
"Overfishingmayhavemadethefishandsquidscarcer,"Nascimentosaid.
Nascimentosaidit'scommonforpenguinstoswimnorththistimeofyear.Inevitably,somegetlostalongthewayordiefromhungerorexhaustion,andendupon
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