专题名代词.docx
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专题名代词.docx
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专题名代词
英语专题复习
(一)---名词、代词
一、词的数和名词的格。
(一)名词的数
1、名词可数名词和不可数名词之分
1)可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
复数名词的规则变化大家回忆一下。
有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,如:
变化
例词
元音发生变化
man—men,woman—women,foot—feet
tooth—teeth,mouse—mice
词尾发生变化
child—children
单、复数同形
sheep—sheep,deer—deer,fish—fish,Chinese—Chinese,Japanese--Japanese
复合词中主要词变为复数
looker-on—lookers-on,new-comer—new-comers, grand-child—grand-children
复合词中无主体词在最后,加s
grown-up—grown-ups,stand-by—stand-bys
由man或woman构成的复合词前后两词皆变为复数
woman-teacher—women-teachers,
man-doctor—men-doctors
以is结尾的外来词,变is为es
basis-bases,crisis-crises,emphasis-emphases,
【注意】
1)与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。
例如:
anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。
2)German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;
3)man,woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:
men workers,womenteachers。
4)有个别名词单复数一样,例如:
Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。
5)当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。
6)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:
people,police等。
7)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。
ten-minutes’walk,an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk。
8)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:
trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。
9)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:
学科名词:
physics,mathematics/maths,游戏名称:
bowls,专有名词:
theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls,其他名词:
news,falls
2、不可数名词“量”的表示方法
在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:
(1)用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少,例如:
Therichmanhasalotofmoney.
Thereissomemilkinthebottle.
Isthereanywaterintheglass?
Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice.
(2)用apieceof这类定语,例如:
apieceofpaperapieceofwoodapieceofbread
abottleoforangeaglassofwater(milk)acupoftea
acupofteaabagofricethreebagsofrice
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如:
twocupsoftea
fourpiecesofpaper
threeglassesofwater
不可数名词也可用alotof,lotsof,some,any,much等来修饰。
(3)有些名词既能用作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但意义不同
单 词
意 义
不可数名词
可数名词
dress
女服(统称)
adress 一件女服
fish
鱼肉
afish 一条鱼
glass
玻璃
aglass 一个玻璃杯
tin
锡
atin 一听罐头
paper
纸
apaper 一张报纸
(二)名词的所有格
名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。
1.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s',例如:
astudent'sroom,students'rooms,father'sshoes。
2.如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's,如:
Children'sDay。
3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's,例如:
atwentyminutes'walk,tenmiles'journey,aboat'slength,twopounds'weight,tendollars'worth。
4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:
amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers。
5.双重所有格,例如:
afriendofmyfather's。
【注意】
1)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”,例如:
John'sandMary'srooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom'sandMary'sbikes(两人各自的自行车)。
2)两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,例如:
JohnandMary'sroom(约翰和玛丽共有一间);TomandMary'smother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。
二、基础题演练
()1.Haveyouseensuchbig________?
A.atomatoB.tomatoC.tomatoesD.tomatos
()2.These_________havesavedmanychildren’slives.
A.womandoctorsB.womendoctor
C.womendoctorsD.womandoctor
()3.–Whatwouldyoulike,Madam?
–I’dlike________,please.
A.twobottlesoforangeB.twobottlesoforanges
C.twobottleoforangesD.twobottleoforange
()4.Thelittlebabyhastwo________already.
A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teeths
()5.Thisis_________bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.
A.AnneandJaneB.Anne’sandJane’s
C.Anne’sandJaneD.AnneandJane’s
()6.“What_________doyoulikebest?
”“Football.”
A.foodB.subjectC.sportD.music
()7.About_________filmswereshownduringthe5thShanghaiInternationalFilmFestival.
A.twohundredofB.twohundredsofC.twohundredD.twohundreds
()8.---Arethereany________onthefarm?
---Yes,therearesome.
A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep
()9.–Howsoonshallwestartthebicycletrip?
--_________.
A.Infiveday’stimeB.Infivedays’time
C.InfivedaystimeD.Forfivedays
()10.Look,five_________arefeedingonthehill.
A.sheepsB.sheepC.sheepsD.thesheep
()11.–Youneedn’twaitforTomanylonger.Hemustbehavingsupperat________.
A.theTell’sB.theTells’C.theTellsD.Tells
()12.Thistreehasgreen________throughouttheyear.
A.leafB.leafsC.leaveD.leaves
()13.Attheageofeight,Maryjoinedagroupof________.
A.childrendancersB.childdancers
C.childdancerD.children’sdancers
()14.Inwesterncountries,________arethrownawayeachday.
A.mountainsofrubbishB.mountainsofrubbishes
C.alotofrubbishD.alotofrubbishes
()15.Heistryingtoexplainhow________beganontheearth.
A.lifeB.livesC.thelifeD.alife
()16.Look,thepolice________coming.
A.isB.wereC.areD.was
()17.WritingcompositionsinEnglishisnot________.
A.easyjobB.aneasyworkC.aneasyjobD.theeasywork
()18.Chinawastheearliest________centerfor________.
A.research’s;agricultureB.research;agriculture
C.research’s;agriculturesD.researches;agricultures
三、中考题演练
()1.---Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?
---I’vebeento______.
A.theHenryhouse B.theHenryfamily
C.TheHenry’shome D.Henry’s
()2.InEngland,if____isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.
A.food B.lunch C.breakfast D.dinner
()3.Youlookedforittwice,butyouhaven’tfoundit.Whynottry____.
A.threetimes B.athirdtime C.thethirdtime D.once
()4.---Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem______?
---Certainly.
A.somebottlesofwaters B.somebottlesofwater
C.somebottleofwater D.somebottleofwaters
()5.Mikehurtoneofhis______intheaccidentyesterday.
A.tooth B.feet C.hand D.ear
()6.Thereissome_______ontheplate.
A.cakes B.meat C.potato D.pears
()7.InEngland,thelastnameisthe _______.
A.familyname B.middle C.givenname D.fullname
()8.Thearegoingtofly_______toBeijing.
A.Germen B.Germany C.Germanys D.Germans
()9.The______hastwo_______.
A.boys;watches B.boy;watch C.boy;watches D.boys;watch
()10.Thelittlebabyhastwo_______already.
A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths
()11.What’syour_______forbeinglateagain?
A.idea B.key C.excuse D.news
()12.---It’sdangeroushere.We’dbettergooutquickly.
---ButIthinkweshouldlet_______gooutfirst.
A.womanandchildren B.womenandchild
C.womanandchild D.womenandchildren
()13.---YoucanseeMr.Smithifthereisasign“_____”onthedoorofhisshop.---Thanks.
A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESSHOURS
C.THISSIDEUP D.NOSMOKING
()14.Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon_______?
A.Children’sDay B.Childrens’sDayC.ChildrensDay D.ChildrenDay
()15.Wherearethestudents?
Aretheyin_______?
A.theRoom406 B.Room406 C.the406Room D.406Room
()16.—Youlookverytiredthismorning.Whatdidyoudoyesterdayafternoon?
—IdidChristmasshopping.
A.alotofB.afewofC.anumberofD.apieceof
()17.—Whydoyougetupsoearlyinthemorning,Tracy?
—Igenerallymakeitatobeupby7toreadEnglish.
A.planB.wishC.secretD.rule
()18.—Dothedishes,Mike,orIwilltellmum!
—Mindyourown,Sue!
A.actionB.dutyC.businessD.way
()19.Theletterfrommyunclewasshort.Therewasn'tnews.
A.manyB.afewC.muchD.few
()20.---Whydidn’tyoutakeataxibacklastnight?
---BecauseIdidn’thaveany______withme.
A.foodB.bicycleC.friendD.money
()21.---In my opinion,China hasmore______to dealwith the diseaseofA/H1N1.
---Iquite agree with you.Chinesemedicineworkswell.
A.advantages B.interestsC.equipments D.materials
()22.Let’sgetsome______abouttourismontheInternet.
A.informationB.messageC.invention
()23.Weneedtocomeupwitha/an______andmakeadecisionatonce.
A.informationB.adviceC.ideaD.news
()24.–I’dlike__________grapesandpears.
–Oh,Ionlyneed_________orangejuice.
A.some;afewB.afew;someC.alittle;fewD.alittle;afew
()25.Weshouldnoteat______meat.
A.toomanyB.muchtooC.toomuchD.manytoo
()26.Idon’tunderstandthestorythoughthereare______newwordsinit.
A.fewB.littleC.afewD.alittle
()27Thisisnotmydictionary.It’s______.Shelentittomethismorning.
A.mysisterB.mysistersC.mysister’sD.mysisters
()28.Hurryup.Thereis______timeleft.
A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afew
四.代词
按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为:
人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。
(一).人称代词
1.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。
通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。
如:
Iliketabletennis.(作主语)Doyouknowhim?
(作宾语)
2.人称代词还可作表语。
作表语时用宾格。
如:
---Whoisknockingatthedoor?
---It’sme.
3.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。
如:
Heisolderthanme.HeisolderthanIam.
(二)物主代词
1.物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,如下表所示。
2.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。
例如:
Ourteacheriscomingtoseeus.Thisisherpencil-box.
3.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
Ourschoolishere,andtheirsisthere.(作主语)
---IsthisEnglish-bookyours?
(作表语)---No.Mineisinmybag.
I'vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours?
(作宾语)
(三)指示代词
指示代词包括:
this,that,these,those。
1.有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this和these则是指下面将要讲
到的事物,例如:
Ihadacold.That'swhyIdidn'tcome.
WhatIwanttosayisthis;pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.
2.有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替,例如:
TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai.
3.this在电话用语中代表自己,that则代表对方。
例如:
Hello!
ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking?
(四)反身代词
1.反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。
作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。
Hecalledhimselfawriter.WouldyoupleaseexpressyourselfinEnglish?
2.作表语。
Itdoesn'tmatter.I'llbemyselfsoon.Thegirlinthenewsismyself.
3.作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。
Imyselfwashedtheclothes.(=Iwashedtheclothes
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