名词.docx
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名词.docx
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名词
名词&冠词和代词的讲与练
可数与不可数名词讲解
英语中的名词按其表示的事物性质的不同可分为可数名词与不可数名词。
这两种名词在用法上是有区别的,现归纳如下:
一、可数名词有单数、复数之分,如:
(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:
book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds
2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:
bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:
family-families,strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:
knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese
6.不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。
如:
7.somewater;alotofbread
二、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an);而不可数名词不能用a(an)。
如:
LiHongisadriver.Iamateacher.李红是一名司机,我是一名教师。
Wecan’tseemilkonthetable.我们看不见桌上有牛奶。
[友情提醒]在表示特指时,不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词the,如:
Passmetheball,please.请把球传给我。
Thechickenontheplateisyours.盘子里的鸡肉是你的。
三、可数名词表示复数意义时可用many等词修饰。
如:
manyapples;alotoftomatoes;afewpens
不可数名词则要用much、alittle等词修饰。
如:
muchmeatalittlebreadlittlewater
[友情提醒]这两类名词都可以被some、any、alotof(lostof)等修饰。
如:
someeggs/paper(纸)。
Alotof(lotsof)knives/orangejuice
四、可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰。
如:
threewomentenbabies
不可数名词表示数量的多少时,必须与表示数量的名词连用,即“数词+表示数量的名词(可数名词)+of+不可数名词”。
如:
twoglassesofmilk两杯牛奶 fivepiecesofbread五片面包
五、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数与主语的单、复数须保持一致。
不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。
如:
Thereissomericeinthebowl.碗里有些米饭。
Allthestudentsareintheclassroom.所有的学生都在教室里。
[友情提醒]如果不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时,谓语动词须用复数形式。
如:
Therearetwobagsofriceintheroom.房间里有两袋大米。
六、对可数名词的数量提问用howmany;对不可数名词的数量提问要用howmuch,但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用howmany。
如:
Icanseetwopicturesonthewall.→Howmanypicturescanyouseeonthewall?
Thereisalotofporkinthebasket.→Howmuchporkisthereinthebasket?
Iwantthreeglassesofwater.→Howmanyglassesofwaterdoyouwant?
七、另外,有些集合名词也是可数名词,但不同的是,它们以单数形式出现,表示复数概念,如people,police,family等;而有些可数名词本身就以复数形式出现,如clothes,glasses(眼镜)等;有的可数名词单、复数形式相同,如Japanese,sheep,Chinese等。
如:
TheChinesepeoplearehardworkingandbrave.中国人民勤劳勇敢。
Thesportsclothesarenew.这些运动服是新的。
Ihaveonesheep.Hehastwosheep.我有一只羊,他有三只羊
(二)名词的格
(1)有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a)单数后加’s如:
Lucy’srulermyfather’sshirt
b)以s结尾的复数名词后加’如:
hisfriends’bags
c)不以s结尾的复数后加’schildren’sshoes
●并列名词中,如果把’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有,如:
TomandMike’scar汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
●要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s
Tom’sandMike’scars汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of+名词”来表示所有关系:
如:
apictureoftheclassroomamapofChina
二.冠词:
不定冠词,定冠词种类:
(1)不定冠词:
a/anaunit/anuncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an:
anegg/anapple/anorange/aneraser/ananswer/anIDcard/analarmclock/anactor/anactress/ane-mail/anaddress/anevent/anexample/anopera/anhouranoldman/aninterestingbook/anexcitingsport/anactionmovie/anartlesson/
(2)定冠词:
thetheeggtheplane
2.用法:
定冠词的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:
Therulerisonthedesk.
(2)复述上文提到的人或物:
Hehasasweater.Thesweaterisnew.
(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:
Theboysaren’tatschool.
(4)在序数词前:
John’sbirthdayisFebruarythesecond.
(5)用于固定词组中:
inthemorning/afternoon/evening
不用冠词的情况:
(1)专有名词前:
Chinaisabigcountry.
(2)名词前有定语:
this,that,my,your,some,any,no等:
Thisismybaseball.
(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:
Monkeyscan’tswim.Theyareteachers.
(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:
TodayisChristmasDay.It’sSunday.
(5)一日三餐前:
Wehavebreakfastat6:
30.
(6)球类棋类运动前:
Theyoftenplayfootballafterclass.Heplayschessathome.
*但乐器前要用定冠词:
Iplaytheguitarverywell.
(7)学科名称前:
Myfavoritesubjectismusic.
(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:
ThisisMrLi.
(9)固定词组中:
atnoonatnightbybus
三、代词:
人称代词,物主代词
人称代词
物主代词
主格
宾格
第一
人称
单数
I(我)
me
my(我的)
复数
we(我们)
us
our(我们的)
第二
人称
单数
you(你)
you
your(你的)
复数
you(你们)
you
your(你们的)
第三
人称
单数
he(他)
him
his(他的)
she(她)
her
her(她的)
it(它)
it
its(它的)
复数
they(他们/她们/它们)
them
their(他们的/她们的/它们的)
1. 主格一般用在句中作为主语,一般用在动词前(除疑问句)
2. 宾格多用于动词介词后面。
3. 形容词性物主代词后面必须要跟名词。
4. 名次性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
练习:
写出下列各词的复数。
I_________ him_________ this_______ her______ watch_______book_______
child_______photo________diary______ day________ foot________dress________tooth_______sheep______ box_______ strawberry_____thief_______yo-yo______peach______sandwich______man______ woman_______paper_______people________juice____________
water________milk__________rice____________tea_________family
knife babyglassblouse box
photo watchChinese dress is
2.写出下列各词的反义词
yes_________black________here_______new________
different_______small_______go______early________
right__________down________ask______behind______
fat______noisy________ill_________long__________
hot__________big________bad________busy____________
heavy_________fast________low_______left_________
tall_________young________last____________open_____________
black same upsit
new short there
3.写出下列各词的近义词
learn________find________near_______justnow______
look_______desk______picture_______big__________
small__________tall__________listen__________quick____________
nice_________cup______speak___________________
mum________dad________purse______exciting_____
4.写出下列各词的同音词
to________by_______for________there____________
see______right_______who’s_________I___________
aren’t_______here___________father___________son__________
pear________no____________be_______________hi__________
二.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)
2.Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)
3.Isthis_________watch?
(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)
4._________ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!
Thosestampsare_________.(he)
5._________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?
(you)
6.Herearemanydolls,whichoneis_________?
(she)
7.Icanfindmytoy,butwhere’s_________?
(you)
8.Show_________yourkite,OK?
(they)
9.Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)
10.Arethese________tickets?
No,________arenot_________.________aren’there.(they)11.Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?
Thatis_________classroom.(we)
12._________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?
_________anurse.(she)
13.Thatisnot_________camera._________isathome.(he)
14.Whereare_________?
Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)
15.Don’ttouch_________._________notacat,_________atiger!
16._________sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_________.(she)
17._________don’tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell_________.(we)
18.Somanydogs.Let’scount_________.(they)
19.Ihavealovelybrother._________isonly3.Ilike_________verymuch.(he)
20.MayIsitbeside_________?
(you)
21.Lookatthatdesk.Thosebookareon_________.(it)
22Arethosetrousers?
No,aren’t.areblue.(they)
23Tom,where’sbike?
Isthisblackbike?
No,itisn’t.(my,mine,your,yours)
24.What’sthewoman’sname?
nameisGaoHui.
isanEnglishteacher.(she,her,his,she’s)
25.aretwins,namesareLucyandLily.looklikeparents.(they)
26.amanEnglishteacher.nameisMaYing.(I)
27.isgoodfriend.alllike.(he,him,we,you,our)
28.Canhelp?
Yes,can.(her,she,I,you)
29.Giveanapple,please.Whichoneis?
Thesmalloneis.(he)
30.Whereisphoto?
Isthatyours?
No,that’snot.isblack.(I)
31.Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)LiMingandIareboys.
aregoodfriends.parentsareallteachers.
32.Annandyouaregirls.areEnglish.
ChineseteacherisMrs.Wang.
33.Thisisclassroom.issmall.Butisbig.(ours,their,theirs)
34.Thesearegrapes.Pleaseputonthetable.(it,they,them)
35.isyoung.Lethelp.(she,her,hers,we,us)
36.havesomepen-friends.liketowriteto.(I,me,they,them,their)
1.Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)
2.Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)
3.Isthis_________watch?
(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)
4._________ismybrother._________nameisJack.Look!
Thosestampsare_________.(he)
一.用a,an或the填空(不需要的用“/”表示):
1.ThisisAnn.Shehasapple.It’sredapple.
2.Canyouseeteacherintheclassroom?
Whichone?
3.Whereistescher’sdesk?
It’snearwindow.
4.Wecanfind“f”intheword“family”.
5.What’stime?
It’sfouro’clock.
6.Who’smaninPictureOne?
7.Where’scat?
It’sundertable.
8.Don’tlookatme.Lookatteacher.
9.studentsofClassOneareplayingfootball.
10.It’sseventwentyinmorning.It’stimetogotoschool.
11.LiLeiisathome.Hewantstogotoclassroom.
12.Whatcolourisbird?
It’swhite.It’swhitebird.
二、按要求写单词。
(10分)
1.light(反义词)_________2.buy(过去式)_________
3.one(序数词)_________4.theseconddayinaweek(同义词)_________
5.knife(复数)_________6.Japan(形容词)_________
7.let’s(完全形式)________8.four(同音词)___________
9.us(主格)__________10.cannot(缩略形式)_________
三、选择填空。
(10分)
()1.MrsGreenis______mother.Theyare______.
ALucyandLily’s;twinsBLucy’sandLily’s;twins’
CLucyandLily’s;twinDLucy’sandLily’s;twins
()2.Whataboutsomething____?
AeatBdrinkCtoeatDget
()3.—isyournewEnglishteacher?
--Themanunderthetree,heiswithMissGao.
AWhereBWhichCWhoseDWhat
()4.Turn____theTV.Iwanttoseetheoldfilm.
AonBoffCtoDin
()5.It’sgoodtobein____insummer(夏天).
AblackBwhiteCorangeDdarkblue
()6.Americansspeak_____,youknow.
A
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