十年高考英语真题分项详解浙江专用学生版 专题02 阅读理解说明文.docx
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十年高考英语真题分项详解浙江专用学生版 专题02 阅读理解说明文.docx
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十年高考英语真题分项详解浙江专用学生版专题02阅读理解说明文
十年(2012-2021)高考英语真题分项详解(浙江专用)阅读理解·说明文
1.(2021年6月,浙江高考)
Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy
Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages(图像)ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.
Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogesimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes.”
"Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLineScience.
Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.
28.Thenewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogscan_________.
A.distinguishshapesB.makesenseofhumanfaces
C.feelhappyorangryD.communicatewitheachother
29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromparagraph2?
A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandomorder.
B.Diversemethodswereadoptedduringtraining.
C.Picturesusedinthetwostagesweredifferent
D.Thedogswerephotographedbeforethelest.
30.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?
A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.
C.AmajorlimitationofthestudyD.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.
2.(2021年1月,浙江高考)
Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha"vocabulary"of66gestures.ThescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.
DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.
"That'swhat'ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,"shesaid."They'retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect."
Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromanotheranimal'scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.
Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:
"Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmothersbackandtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies(物种)outthere.thatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,"saidDrHobaiter.
DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere"alittledisappointing".
"Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,"shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalconveywithnon﹣verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains."
27.WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter?
A.Memorizingspecificwords.
B.Understandingcomplexinformation.
C.Usingvoicestocommunicate.
D.Communicatingmessagesonpurpose.
28.WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?
A.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.
B.Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.
C.Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.
D.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.
29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gulf"inthelastparagraphmean?
A.Difference.
B.Conflict.
C.Balance.
D.Connection.
30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.Chimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthrough
B.Chimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommunicationskills
C.Chimpanzees:
thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdom
D.Chimpanzeelanguage:
communicationgesturestranslated
3.(2020年7月,浙江高考)
Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeofsharingmyenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers.TodothisIhavesearchedthroughdozensofplaystofindtheonesthatIthinkbestshowthepowerandpurposeoftheshortplay.
Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywright(剧作家)hopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingleimpressiongrowingoutofthetheme.Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasureofreading,discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessoftheplaywright.However,avarietyoftypesisrepresentedhere.Theseincludecomedy,satire,poignantdrama,historicalandregionaldrama.Toshowtheversatility(多面性)oftheshortplay,Ihaveincludedaguidanceplay,aradioplayandatelevisionplay.
Amongthewritersoftheplaysinthiscollection,PaulGreen,SusanGlaspell,MaxwellAnderson,ThorntonWilder,WilliamSaroyan,andTennesseeWilliamshaveallreceivedPulitzerPrizesfortheircontributionstothetheater.Moreinformationabouttheplaywrightswillbefoundattheendofthisbook.
Togetthemostoutofreadingtheseplays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,withyou,thereader,intheaudience.Thehouselightsdim(变暗).Thecurtainsareabouttoopen,andinafewminutestheactionanddialoguewilltellyouthestory.
1.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?
A.Hehaswrittendozensofplays.B.Hehasadeeploveforthetheater.
C.Heisaprofessionalstageactor.D.Helikesreadingshortplaystoothers.
2.Whatdoestheauthoravoiddoinginhiswork?
A.Statingtheplays’centralideas.B.Selectingworksbyfamousplaywrights.
C.Includingvarioustypesofplays.D.Offeringinformationontheplaywrights.
3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowhilereadingtheplays?
A.Controltheirfeelings.B.Applytheiractingskills.
C.Usetheirimagination.D.Keeptheiraudienceinmind.
4.Whatisthistext?
A.Ashortstory.B.Anintroductiontoabook.
C.Aplayreview.D.Anadvertisementforatheater.
4.(2020年7月,浙江高考)
ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon'tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:
30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:
33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:
37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.
Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:
intersection(十字路口)signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.
“Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed,”saysAlexStevanovic,aresearcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.
ForallofBellevue’ssuccess,adaptivesignalsarenotacure-allforjammedroadways.KevinBalke,aresearchengineerattheTexasA&MUniversityTransportationInstitute,saysthatwhilesmartlightscanbeparticularlybeneficialforsomecities,othersaresojammedthatonlyasharpreductioninthenumberofcarsontheroadwillmakeameaningfuldifference.“It’snotgoingtofixeverything,butadaptivesignalshavesomebenefitsforsmallercities,”hesays.
InBellevue,theswitchtoadaptivesignalshasbeenalessoninthevalueofwelcomingnewapproaches.Inthepast,therewasoftenanautomaticreactiontoincreasedtraffic:
justwidentheroads,saysMarkPoch,theBellevueTransportationDepartment’strafficengineeringmanager.Nowhehopesthatothercitieswillconsidermakingtheirstreetsrunsmarterinsteadofjustmakingthembigger.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?
A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights.B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.
C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.
6.WhatdoesKevinBalkesayaboutadaptivesignals?
A.Theyworkbetteronbroadroads.
B.Theysh
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