最新初中语法 直接引语转换间接引语讲解 附练习题及答案讲课教案.docx
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最新初中语法 直接引语转换间接引语讲解 附练习题及答案讲课教案.docx
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最新初中语法直接引语转换间接引语讲解附练习题及答案讲课教案
直接引语与间接引语
直接引语:
一字不改的引用或复述别人的话,被引用或复述的部分即为直接引语。
一般前后用引号,首字母大写。
间接引语:
用自己的话转述别人的话,被转述的部分即为间接引语。
通常以宾语从句的形式出现,不用引号。
直接引语变为间接引语时,要注意人称、时态、连接词、语序以及时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。
一、人称变化
直接引语是第一人称变为间接引语时,一般要变为第三人称;第二人称变为与主句的间接宾语相一致的人称(如果没有间接宾语,可根据上下文的体会确定一个人称);第三人称一般不改变。
例如Hetoldme,"I’llgiveyouabookwhenImeetyouagain."—Hetoldmehewouldgivemeabookwhenhemetmeagain.
二、时态的变化
如果主句是过去式态,变为间接引语时应向前推一个时态。
即一般现在时---一般过去式,现在进行时---过去进行时,现在完成时---过去完成时,一般过去时---过去完成时,过去进行时---过去进行时,一般将来时---过去将来时,现在完成进行时---过去完成进行时,过去完成时---过去完成时,过去完成进行时---过去完成进行时。
等。
例如Shewondered:
"Whenwillthemeetingbegin."—Shewonderedwhenthemeetingwouldbegin.但在以下几种情况下,间接引语的时态不用变化。
1、当直接引语表示的是客观真理或经常性的特点时。
例如Shesaid,"Theearthgoesaroundthesun".--Shesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.
2、当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间作状语时,保持原来的一般过去时。
例如Hesaid,"Ilefthomein1942.—Hesaidhelefthomein1942.
注:
间接引语中的谓语动词有时需要适当的调整。
Say后的直接引语表示陈述或命令时可变为ask;say后的直接引语表示请求或询问时可变为ask.例如Theteachersaidtome,"Ihaveseenyourbook.."—Theteachertoldmethatshehadseenmybook.
三、连接词的选择
1、陈述句陈述句转化为间接引语时用that引导,也可省略that。
主句谓语动词可用直接引语中的said,也可用told来代替,可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可以直接说toldthat.主句中的谓语还常有repeat,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think,等。
例如Dannysaid,"IcomefromCanada."—DannysaidthathecamefromCanada.
2、疑问句直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序。
主句的动词常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow等。
1)、一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句时变为间接引语须用if或whether引导。
例如Sheaskedme,"Isheateacher?
"—Sheaskedmeif/whetherhewasateacher.
2}、选择疑问句或反意疑问直接引语是选择疑问句需用or;反意疑问句需用ornot变为间接引语时要用whether而不用if.例如Mybrotheraskedme,"IsTomtallorshort?
"—MybrotheraskedmewhetherTomwastallorshort."Youarereading,aren’tyou"hesaidtome.—HeaskedmewhetherIwasreadingornot.
3)、特殊疑问句当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时,常变成与疑问句同形的连接词引导的宾语从句,用陈述语序,问号变句号。
例如"Whatdoyouwanttoeat?
"heaskedme.—HeaskedmewhatIwantedtoeat.3、祈使句直接引语是祈使句变为间接引语时,要用不定式表示,使其成为ask/tell/ordersb(not)todosth句型。
例如"Don’topenthedoor."hesaidtoher.—Heaskedhernottoopenthedoor.
4、感叹句感叹句变为间接引语时可用what或how引导,也可用that引导。
例如Hesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!
"—Hesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.—Hesaidthatitwasalovelyday.
四、语序的变化
当直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序,即连接词+主语+动词的形式。
例如"Whereareyougoing?
"heaskedme.—HeaskedmewhereIwasgoing.但当直接引语中特殊疑问词作主语时,语序不变。
例如Heasked,“Whoisyourbrother.”-Heaskedwhowasmybrother.
五、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。
now—thentoday—thatdayyesterday—thedaybeforelastmight—thenightbeforetwodaysago—twodaysbeforenextweek—thenextweektomorrow—thenextdaythedayaftertomorrow—intwodays’time或者twodaysafterhere—therethis—thatthese—thosecome—gobring—take例如Hesaid,"Ididmyhomeworkyesterday."—Hesaidhehaddonehishomeworkthedaybefore.
六、情态动词的变化
can—couldmust—hadto或者mustwill—wouldshall—shouldmay—might
一、单项选择:
()1.Heasked________forthecomputer.
A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
()2.“Haveyouseenthefilm?
”heaskedme.→Heaskedme________.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm
()3.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.→He________me________thewindow.
A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose
()4.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.→Hesaid________.
A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher
()5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”→He________verynaughty.
A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyis
C.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboyis
()6.“You’vealreadygotwell,haven’tyou?
”sheasked.→Sheasked________ornot.
A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn’tyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwell
C.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell
()7.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?
”→Heaskedme________.
A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember
C.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember
()8.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?
”→Heasked________.
A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong()9.Heaskedme________withme.
A.whatthematterisB.whatthematterisC.what’sthematterD.whatwaswrong
()10.Hesaid,“Don’tdothatagain.”→He________me________thatagain.
A.saidto;nottodoB.saidto;don’tdoC.told;don’tdoD.told;nottodo
二、直接引语转换间接引语
1.“Isawanoteonmydesk.”shesaid.
2.Mothersaid,“I’llgototheparktomorrow.”
3.Hesaidtome,“Yourbrotherbrokeit.”
4.Tomsaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”
5.“Westayedtherefortwoweeks.”shetoldme.
6.Shesaid,“Ihavegivenupsmoking.”
7.“We’veknowneachotherforaboutthreeyears.”theyoungmantoldhim.
8.“Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.”hesaid.
9.“Mothergavemeanewbookasapresentyesterday.”Marysaid.
10.“DoyoulikeEnglishorChinese?
”theteacheraskedme.
11.“Whatdidyoudoyesterday?
”sheaskedme.
12.“Wouldyoulikeanapple?
”motheraskedme.
13.“Don’topenthedoor.”shesaidtome.
14.“Comehereearlytomorrow.”theteachersaidtous.
15.“Didyougotothecinemalastnight?
”sheasked.
16.“Keepthedoorclosed.”theoldmansaidtous.
17.“Didyougotherebytrainorbybus?
”theteacherasked.
18.“Theyareplayingontheplayground.”Jimsaid.
三、在横线上填上合适的词
1.Heexclaimedhowlovelythehouse___________.
2.Wedidn’tknow___________shehadn’thandedinthepaper.
3.Themonitor___________thefiveofustocleantheflooryesterdayafternoon.
4.Andersontoldus___________hisfatherhadjustreturnedfromShanghai.
5.She___________ustohelptheoldwomaninourvillagethatday.
6.Myfatheraskedme___________wasthematterwhenhecameback.
7.Thatfellowalways___________mecleanhisshoesforhim.
8.Tomsaidthathe___________inthearmyforthreeyears.
9.—WhatdidAlicesayjustnow?
—Shesaidthat___________wouldborrowthatdictionaryformMary.
10.Iwonder___________shecanattendmypartythisevening.
四、单项选择
1.Rightnow,thebossorderedJohntohandinhisdesign________.
A.thisafternoonB.thisafternoonC.todayD.thatday
2.Jimmy________herifshehadseenhimtherethatafternoon.A.saidtoB.askedC.toldD.ask
3.UncleWangorderedusto________hishouseatonce.A.comeoutofB.comeC.gooutofD.go
4.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand________theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.
A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how
5.ChenQiangtoldMr.SmiththatthePeople’sRepublicofChina_______inOctober1,1949.
A.foundedB.hadbeenfoundedC.foundD.wasfounded
6.Shesaidtomethat_______mightkeep________bookfortwodays.
A.she;thisB.I;thatC.I;thisD.you;this
7.Inordertochoosetherightone,shefirstaskedme_______Iwanttouseadictionaryfor.
A.whatB.whyC.howD.whether
8.Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey_______therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.
A.willgiveB.havebeengivenC.havegivenD.willbegiven
9.Lindashoutedthatyou_______yourhomeworkaheadofher.
A.finishedB.wouldfinishC.hadfinishedD.havefinished
10.Mygirlfriendaskedme_______Iknewitwasherbirthdaythatdayornot.
A.whetherB.thatC.whyD.what
五、巩固练习:
1、Heasked,"Isthedooropenorclosed."
Heasked___________________________________.
2、Shesaid,"Ihaveleftmycoatinyourroom."
Shesaid___________________________________________.
3、Shesaid,"Iwrotetomyfriendsyesterday."
Shesaid_______________________________________________________.
4、Motheraskedme,"Whenwillyoubebacknexttime."
Motheraskedme________________________________________.
5、Theteachertoldthestudents,"Theearthisround."
Theteachertoldthestudents_________________________.
6、TheguardsaidtoLenin,"Pleaseshowmeyourpass."TheguardaskedTom_________________________.
7、Dannysaid,"Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow,LingMing?
"
DannyaskedLiMing_____________________________________________________.
8、Hesaid,"Mysisterwasheretwodaysago,butsheisnotherenow"
Hesaid________________________________________,but_____wasnottherethen.
参考答案:
一、单项选择
1-5DDCDCBDCDD
二、直接引语转换间接引语参考答案
1.Shesaidthatshehadseenanoteonherdesk.2.Mothersaidthatshewouldgototheparkthenextday.3.Hetoldmethatmybrotherhadbrokenit.4.Tomsaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.5.Shetoldmethattheyhadstayedtherefortwoweeks.6.Shesaidthatshehadgivenupsmoking.7.Theyoungmantoldhimthattheyhadknowneachotherforaboutthreeyears.8.Hesaidthathehadn’tseenherthosedays.
9.Marysaidthat(her)motherhadgivenheranewbookasapresentthedaybefore.10.TheteacheraskedmewhetherIlikedEnglishorChinese.11.SheaskedmewhatIhaddonethedaybefore.12.Motheraskedmeif/whetherIwouldlikeanapple.13.Sheaskedmenottoopenthedoor.14.Theteachertoldustogothereearlythenextday.15.Sheaskedwhether/ifIhadgonetothecinemathenightbefore.16.Theoldmantoldmeustokeepthedoorclosed.17.Theteacheraskedwhetherwehadgonetherebytrainorbybus.18.Jimsaidthattheywereplayingontheplayground.
三、在横线上填上合适的词
1.Was2.why/that3.asked/ordered4.that5.advised/asked/ordered6.what7.lets/has/makes8.hadbeen/hadserved9.she10.if/wheth
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