实例解析托福阅读选非题.docx
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实例解析托福阅读选非题.docx
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实例解析托福阅读选非题
实例解析托福阅读选非题
简言之,选非题要求考生选一个不符合题干要求的选项。
注意看清楚,是“不符合”的选项!
下面就和大家分享实例解析托福阅读选非题,希望能够帮助到你们,快来一起学习吧。
实例解析托福阅读选非题
对于这种题型,解题步骤如下:
1.鉴别题型:
大写单词EXCEPT/NOT
2.审题:
寻找题干核心词
3.定位:
确定出题区间,找到列举信息
4.排除:
排除符合原文要求的三个选项
下面我们借官方真题Official例题来看看选非题的解题过程。
官方真题Official34-3ProtectionofPlantsbyInsects
【Paragraph5】Extrafloralnectariesatthebaseofeachsepalattractseveralkindsofinsects,but96percentofthemareants,severaldifferentspeciesofthem.Whenbudsarestillsmall,lessthanaquarterofaninchlong,thesepalnectariesarealreadypresentandproducingnectar.Theycontinuetodosoastheflowerdevelopsandwhilethefruitmatures.Observationsleavelittledoubtthatantsprotectmorninggloryflowersandfruitsfromthecombinedenemyforceofgrasshoppers,caterpillars,andseedbeetles.Bentleycomparestheseedproductionofsixplantsthatgrewwheretherewerenoantswiththatofseventeenplantsthatwereoccupiedbyants.Unprotectedplantsboreonly45seedsperplant,butplantsoccupiedbyantsbore211seedsperplant.Althoughantsarenotbigenoughtokillorseriouslyinjuregrasshoppers,theydrivethemawaybynippingattheirfeet.Seedbeetlesaremorevulnerablebecausetheyaremuchsmallerthangrasshoppers.Theantspreyontheadultbeetles,disturbfemalesastheylaytheireggsondevelopingfruits,andeatmanyoftheeggstheydomanagetolay.
12.Accordingtoparagraph5,antsdefendmorninggloryplantsfromseedbeetlesineachofthefollowingwaysEXCEPT
A.drivingadultbeetlesofftheplantsbynippingattheirfeet
B.catchingandeatingadultbeetles
C.eatingbeetleeggstheyfindondevelopingfruits
D.makingitdifficultforbeetlestolayeggsondevelopingfruits
EXCEPT选非过程:
1.审题:
找到题干核心词seedbeetles
2.定位:
确定出题区间,找到列举信息
Althoughantsarenotbigenoughtokillorseriouslyinjuregrasshoppers,theydrivethemawaybynippingattheirfeet.Seedbeetlesaremorevulnerablebecausetheyaremuchsmallerthangrasshoppers.Theantspreyontheadultbeetles,disturbfemalesastheylaytheireggsondevelopingfruits,andeatmanyoftheeggstheydomanagetolay.
3.排除:
排除符合原文要求的三个选项,注意选项的同义改写
B.catchingandeatingadultbeetles抓捕和吃掉成年甲壳虫
=theantspreyontheadultbeetles蚂蚁捕食成年甲壳虫
C.eatingbeetleeggstheyfindondevelopingfruits吃掉在水果上的甲壳虫卵
=eatmanyoftheeggstheydomanagetolay蚂蚁吃掉甲壳虫成功产下的卵
D.makingitdifficultforbeetlestolayeggsondevelopingfruits使甲壳虫很难再发育的水果上产卵
=disturbfemalesastheylaytheireggsondevelopingfruits蚂蚁干扰正在水果上产卵的雌性甲壳虫
有同学说,A选项nippingattheirfeet(夹它们的脚)也对应了原文theydrivethemawaybynippingattheirfeet,那我们来看看nippingattheirfeet这句话原句具体信息:
Althoughantsarenotbigenoughtokillorseriouslyinjuregrasshoppers,theydrivethemawaybynippingattheirfeet.尽管蚂蚁还不足以大到能够杀死或严重伤害蚂蚱,但是蚂蚁可以通过夹它们的脚赶走蚂蚱。
所以,本题最后的答案是:
A
TIPS:
1.符合题干要求的三个选项一般以列举形式出现,比如a,b,andc;或者first,second、moreover/furthermore,third/final等。
2.当四个选项都在原文当中出现时,必定有一个答非所问,请注意看清题干要求
官方真题Official20-1WestwardMigration
【Paragraph2】Whywerethesehundredsofthousandsofsettlers—mostofthemfarmers,someofthemartisans—drawnawayfromtheclearedfieldsandestablishedcitiesandvillagesoftheEast?
CertaincharacteristicsofAmericansocietyhelptoexplainthisremarkablemigration.TheEuropeanancestorsofsomeAmericanshadforcenturieslivedrootedtothesamevillageorpieceoflanduntilsomereligious,political,oreconomiccrisisuprootedthemanddrovethemacrosstheAtlantic.Manyofthosewhoexperiencedthissharpbreakthereafterlackedthetiesthathadboundthemandtheirancestorstoasingleplace.Moreover,Europeansocietywasrelativelystratified;occupationandsocialstatuswereinherited.InAmericansociety,however,theclassstructurewaslessrigid;somepeoplechangedoccupationseasilyandbelieveditwastheirdutytoimprovetheirsocialandeconomicposition.Asaresult,manyAmericanswereaninveteratelyrestless,rootless,andambitiouspeople.Therefore,thesesocialtraitshelpedtoproducethenomadicanddaringsettlerswhokeptpushingwestwardbeyondthefringesofsettlement.Inaddition,therewereotherimmigrantswhomigratedwestinsearchofnewhomes,materialsuccess,andbetterlives.
4.Accordingtoparagraph2,allofthefollowingarereasonswhyAmericansmigratedwestwardEXCEPT
A.thedesiretomovefromoneplacetothenext
B.thehopeofimprovingtheirsocioeconomicstatus
C.theopportunitytochangejobs
D.theneedtoescapereligiousorpoliticalcrises
点评:
本题是一道非常经典的选非题,很多同学在做本题时都会很快的排除D选项,因为D:
theneedtoescapereligiousorpoliticalcrises实在太容易在原文当中找到对应的句子:
TheEuropeanancestorsofsomeAmericanshadforcenturieslivedrootedtothesamevillageorpieceoflanduntilsomereligious,political,oreconomiccrisisuprootedthemanddrovethemacrosstheAtlantic.所以,很多同学在排除D选项之后,好得意哟!
但,D选项就是咱们的正确答案!
What!
!
!
下面,我们来看一下解题过程。
EXCEPT选非过程:
1.审题:
reasons,Americansmigratedwestward美国人向西部迁移原因
2.定位:
确定出题区间,找到列举信息
本段都在讲美国人向西迁移的原因,出题范围较大;但是,我们可以很快的找到表列举信息的信号词moreover,所以可以确定moreover的前后至少各有一个原因。
3.排除:
排除符合原文要求的三个选项,注意选项的同义改写
A.thedesiretomovefromoneplacetothenext想要从一个地方搬迁到另一个地方
=Manyofthosewhoexperiencedthissharpbreakthereafterlackedthetiesthathadboundthemandtheirancestorstoasingleplace.许多经历了这次剧变的人,缺乏曾经将他们和他们的祖先束缚在一个地方的纽带。
(也就是说人们不再只愿意住在asingleplace,而想要搬到不同的地方)
B.thehopeofimprovingtheirsocioeconomicstatus希望改进社会经济地位
=believeditwastheirdutytoimprovetheirsocialandeconomicposition人们认为他们有责任改进他们的社会地位和经济地位
C.theopportunitytochangejobs换工作的机会
=somepeoplechangedoccupationseasily人们可以很容易的换职业,occupation职业
D.theneedtoescapereligiousorpoliticalcrises
本选项很容易找到原文信息:
TheEuropeanancestorsofsomeAmericanshadforcenturieslivedrootedtothesamevillageorpieceoflanduntilsomereligious,political,oreconomiccrisisuprootedthemanddrovethemacrosstheAtlantic.一些美国人的欧洲祖先,几个世纪以来扎根于相同的村庄或土地,直到宗教危机、政治危机和经济危机使他们连根拔起,迫使他们横跨大西洋。
但是,请注意本句话的主语:
TheEuropeanancestorsofsomeAmericans,即一些美国人的欧洲祖先,与本题中的主语American不符。
所以,本题答案是D选项。
托福阅读长难句:
澳大利亚土著文化
Whileacceptingthatthissequencefitsthearchaeologicalprofileofthosesites,whichwereoccupiedcontinuouslyovermanythousandsofyears,anumberofwritershavewarnedthattheunderlyingassumptionofsuchasequence—adevelopmentfromthesimpleandthegeometrictothecomplexandnaturalistic—obscurestheculturalcontinuitiesinAboriginalAustralia,inwhichgeometricsymbolismremainsfundamentallyimportant.(TPO23,62)
archaeological/?
ɑ:
ki?
l?
d?
ik?
l/adj.考古学的
profile/pr?
?
fa?
l/n.侧面(像);轮廓,外形
underlyingadj.潜在的,根本的
geometric/?
d?
?
?
metr?
k/adj.几何的
obscure/?
bskj?
?
/vt.使不分明,遮掩
symbolism/s?
mb?
l?
z(?
)m/n.象征主义
(Whileacceptingthatthissequencefitsthearchaeologicalprofileofthosesites),(whichwereoccupiedcontinuouslyovermanythousandsofyears),anumberofwritershavewarned(thattheunderlyingassumptionofsuchasequence—adevelopmentfromthesimpleandthegeometrictothecomplexandnaturalistic—obscurestheculturalcontinuitiesinAboriginalAustralia),(inwhichgeometricsymbolismremainsfundamentallyimportant).(TPO23,62)
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