Making Backups with RMAN Advanced Topics.docx
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Making Backups with RMAN Advanced Topics.docx
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MakingBackupswithRMANAdvancedTopics
MakingBackupswithRMAN:
AdvancedTopics
ThischapterdescribeshowtouseRMANtomakebackups.Thischaptercontainsthesetopics:
∙ConfiguringandAllocatingChannelsforUseinBackups
∙ConfiguringtheDefaultBackupTypeforDisk
∙DuplexingBackupSets
∙MakingSplitMirrorBackupswithRMAN
∙BackingUpBackupSetswithRMAN
∙RestartingandOptimizingRMANBackups
∙ValidatingBackupswithRMAN
∙RMANBackupExamples
ConfiguringandAllocatingChannelsforUseinBackups
Youhavethefollowingoptionsforexecutingbackups:
∙ConfigureautomaticchannelswiththeCONFIGUREcommand,andthenissueBACKUPcommandsattheRMANpromptorwithinaRUNblock
∙WithinaRUNblockonly,youcanallocatechannelsmanuallywiththeALLOCATECHANNELcommand,andthenissueBACKUPcommandsusingthosechannels
Theeasiestwaytomakebackupsistoconfigureautomaticchannels.Forexample,solongasyouhavealreadyconfiguredansbtdevicetype,youcanconfigureadefaultsbtchannelasfollows(notethatthePARMSvalueisvendor-specific)andthenbackupthedatabaseusingthesedefaults:
RMAN>CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEsbtPARALLELISM1;
RMAN>CONFIGUREDEFAULTDEVICETYPETOsbt;
RMAN>CONFIGURECHANNELDEVICETYPEsbtPARMS'ENV=(NSR_SERVER=bksvr1)';
RMAN>BACKUPDATABASE;
RMANpreconfiguresaDISKchannelforyou,soyoucanmakediskbackupsusingautomaticchannelswithoutperforminganyconfigurationwhatsoever.
TheothermethodistoallocatechannelsmanuallywithinaRUNcommand.Forexample,thiscommandallocatesmultiplediskchannelsandthenbacksupthedatabaseandarchivedredologs:
RMAN>RUN
{
ALLOCATECHANNELch1DEVICETYPEDISK;
ALLOCATECHANNELch2DEVICETYPEDISK;
ALLOCATECHANNELch3DEVICETYPEDISK;
BACKUPDATABASEPLUSARCHIVELOG;
}
Thefollowingexamplemanuallyallocatesansbtchannel(withavendor-specificPARMSvalue)andbacksupadatafilecopy:
RMAN>RUN
{
ALLOCATECHANNELch1DEVICETYPEsbtPARMS'ENV=(NSR_SERVER=bksvr1)';
BACKUPDATAFILECOPY'/tmp/system01.dbf';
}
Forthemostpart,theproceduresinthischapterassumethatyouhaveconfiguredautomaticchannels.
ConfiguringtheDefaultBackupTypeforDisk
Whenbackinguptodisk,itisrecommendedtocreateimagecopies,ratherthanbackupsets.SomefeaturesofRMANbackups,suchasincrementallyupdatedbackups,requiretheuseofimagecopies.Also,imagecopybackupsaremoreconvenienttouseinsomerestoreandrecoveryscenarios.However,bydefault,theBACKUPcommandcreatesbackupsasbackupsets,whenbackinguptodiskaswellastotape.(Backupstotapemustbestoredasbackupsets.)
ToconfigureRMANtocreateimagecopiesbydefaultwhenbackinguptodisk,usethefollowingcommand:
RMAN>CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEDISKBACKUPTYPETOCOPY;
ToreturnRMANtoitsdefaultbehaviorofproducingbackupsets,usethefollowingcommand:
RMAN>CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEDISKBACKUPTYPECLEAR;
DuplexingBackupSets
Itissafertomakemultiplecopiesofbackupstoprotectagainstdisaster,mediadamage,orhumanerror.RMANcanmakeuptofourcopiesofabackupsetsimultaneously,eachanexactduplicateoftheothers.Acopyofabackupsetisacopyofeachbackuppieceinthebackupset,witheachcopygettingauniquecopynumber(forexample,0tcm8u2s_1_1and0tcm8u2s_1_2).
Inmostcases,theeasiestmethodistouseBACKUP...COPIESorCONFIGURE...BACKUPCOPIEStoduplexbackupsets.Thereislittlevalueincreatingmultiplecopiesonthesamephysicalmedia.ForDISKchannels,specifymultiplevaluesintheFORMAToptiontodirectthemultiplecopiestodifferentphysicaldisks.Forsbtchannels,ifyouuseamediamanagerthatsupportsVersion2oftheSBTAPI,thenthemediamanagerwillautomaticallyputeachcopyontoaseparatemedium(forexample,aseparatetape).
Notethatitisnotpossibletoduplexbackupsetstotheflashrecoveryarea,andthatduplexingonlyappliestobackupsets,notimagecopies.ItisanerrortospecifytheBACKUP...COPIESwhencreatingimagecopybackups,andtheCONFIGURE...BACKUPCOPIESsettingisignoredforimagecopybackups.
DuplexingBackupSetswithCONFIGUREBACKUPCOPIES
TheCONFIGURE...BACKUPCOPIEScommandspecifiesthenumberofidenticalbackupsetsthatyouwanttocreateonthespecifieddevicetype.Thissettingappliestoallbackupsexceptcontrolfileautobackups(becausetheautobackupofacontrolfilealwaysproducesonecopy)andbackupsetswhenbackedupwiththeBACKUPBACKUPSETcommand.Youmusthaveautomaticchannelsconfigured.
ToduplexabackupwithCONFIGUREBACKUPCOPIES:
1.Configurethenumberofcopiesonthedesireddevicetypefordatafilesandarchivedredologsonthedesireddevicetypes.Thisexampleconfiguresduplexingfordatafilesandarchivedlogsontapeaswellasduplexingfordatafiles(butnotarchivedlogs)ondisk:
2.RMAN>CONFIGUREDEVICETYPEsbtPARALLELISM1;
3.RMAN>CONFIGUREDEFAULTDEVICETYPETOsbt;
4.RMAN>CONFIGURECHANNELDEVICETYPEDISKFORMAT'/save1/%U','/save2/%U';
5.RMAN>CONFIGUREDATAFILEBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEsbtTO2;
6.RMAN>CONFIGUREARCHIVELOGBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEsbtTO2;
7.RMAN>CONFIGUREDATAFILEBACKUPCOPIESFORDEVICETYPEDISKTO2;
8.
9.ExecutetheBACKUPcommand.Thefollowingcommandbacksupthedatabaseandarchivedlogstotape,makingtwocopiesofeachdatafileandarchivedredolog:
10.RMAN>BACKUPDATABASEPLUSARCHIVELOG;#usesdefaultsbtchannel
11.
Becauseoftheconfiguredformatsforthediskchannel,thefollowingcommandbacksupthedatabasetodisk,placingonecopyofthebackupsetsproducedinthe/save1directoryandtheotherinthe/save2directory:
RMAN>BACKUPDEVICETYPEDISKASCOPYDATABASE;
12.IssueaLISTBACKUPcommandtoseealistingofbackupsetsandpieces.Forexample,enter:
13.RMAN>LISTBACKUPSUMMARY;
14.
The#Copiescolumnshowsthenumberofbackupsets,whichmayhavebeenproducedbyduplexingorbymultiplebackupcommands.
DuplexingBackupsetswithBACKUP...COPIES
TheCOPIESoptionoftheBACKUPcommandoverrideseveryotherCOPIESorDUPLEXsettingtocontrolduplexingofbackupsets.
ToduplexabackupwithBACKUPCOPIES:
1.SpecifythenumberofidenticalcopieswiththeCOPIESoptionoftheBACKUPcommand.Forexample,runthefollowingtomakethreecopiesofeachbackupsetinthedefaultDISKlocation:
2.RMAN>BACKUPASBACKUPSETDEVICETYPEDISK
3.COPIES3
4.INCREMENTALLEVEL0
5.DATABASE;
6.
BecauseyouspecifiedCOPIESontheBACKUPcommand,RMANmakesthreebackupsetsofeachdatafileregardlessoftheCONFIGUREDATAFILECOPIESsetting.
7.IssueaLISTBACKUPcommandtoseealistingofbackupsetsandpieces(the#Copiescolumnshowsthenumberofcopies,whichmayhavebeenproducedthroughduplexingorthroughmultipleinvocationsoftheBACKUPcommand).Forexample,enter:
8.RMAN>LISTBACKUPSUMMARY;
MakingSplitMirrorBackupswithRMAN
ManysiteskeepanbackupofthedatabasestoredondiskincaseafailureoccursontheprimarydatabaseoranincorrectuseractionsuchasaDROPTABLErequirespoint-in-timerecovery.Adatafilebackupondisksimplifiestherestorestepofrecovery,makingrecoverymuchquickerandmorereliable.
Caution:
Nevermakebackups,splitmirrororotherwise,ofonlineredologs.Restoringonlineredologbackupscancreatetwoarchivedlogswiththesamesequencenumberbutdifferentcontents.Also,itisbesttousetheBACKUPCONTROLFILEcommandratherthanasplitmirrortomakecontrolfilebackups.
Onewayofcreatingadatafilebackupondiskistousediskmirroring.Forexample,youcanusetheoperatingsystemtomaintainthreeidenticalcopiesofeachfileinthedatabase.Inthisconfiguration,youcansplitoffamirroredcopyofthedatabasetouseasabackup.
RMANdoesnotautomatethesplittingofmirrors,butcanmakeuseofsplitmirrorsinbackupandrecoveryoperations.Forexample,RMANcantreatasplitmirrorofadatafileasadatafilecopy,andcanalsobackupthiscopytodiskortape.
ThefollowingprocedureshowshowtomakeasplitmirrorbackupwiththeSUSPEND/RESUMEfunctionality.TheSUSPEND/RESUMEfeatureisnotrequiredforsplitmirrorbackupsinmostcases,althoughitisnecessaryifyoursystemrequiresthedatabasecachetobefreeofdirtybuffersbeforethevolumecanbesplit.
TomakeasplitmirrorbackupofatablespacebyusingSUSPEND/RESUME:
1.StartRMANandthenplacethetablespacesthatyouwanttobackupintobackupmodewiththeALTERTABLESPACE...BEGINBACKUPstatement.(Toplacealltablespacesinbackupmode,youcanuseALTERDATABASEBEGINBACKUPinstead.)
Forexample,toplacetablespaceusersinbackupmode,startRMANandrunthefollowingcommands:
RMAN>CONNECTTARGETSYS/oracle@trgt
RMAN>CONNECTCATALOGrman/cat@catdb
RMAN>SQL'ALTERTABLESPACEusersBEGINBACKUP';
2.SuspendtheI/Osifyourmirroringsoftwareorhardwarerequiresit.Forexample,enterthefollowingSQLstatement:
3.RMAN>SQL'ALTERSYSTEMSUSPEND';
4.
5.Splitthemirrorsfortheunderlyingdatafilescontainedinthesetablespaces.
6.Takethedatabaseoutofthesuspendedstate:
7.RMAN>SQL'ALTERSYSTEMRESUME';
8.
9.Takethetablespacesoutofbackupmode.Forexample,enter:
10.RMAN>SQL'ALTERTABLESPACEusersENDBACKUP';
11.
YoucouldalsouseALTERDATABASEENDBACKUPtotakealltablespacesoutofbackupmode.
12.StartanRMANsessionandthencatalogtheuser-managedmirrorcopiesasdatafilecopieswiththeCATALOGcommand.Forexample,enter:
13.RMAN>CATALOGDATAFILECOPY'/dk2/oradata/trgt/users01.dbf';#catalogsplit
14.mirror
15.
16.Backupthedatafilecopies.Forexample,assumingthatyouh
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